K f ryleev short biography. Kondraty Ryleev interesting facts

Ryleev Kondraty Fedorovich (1795-1826), Decembrist poet.

Born on September 29, 1795 in the village of Batovo, Petersburg province. He came from a poor noble family of a small estate nobleman Fyodor Andreevich Ryleev, who managed the estate of Princess Golitsyna. Mother, Anastasia Matveevna, nee Essen, protecting her son from a despotic father, in 1801 sent him to study in the 1st Cadet Corps. He was released from the corps in January 1814 as an artillery officer, took part in the foreign campaigns of the Russian army in 1813-1814. and in 1818 he retired with the rank of second lieutenant.

In 1819, Ryleev moved to St. Petersburg, where he became close to the enlightened metropolitan circle and became a member of the Flaming Star Masonic Lodge. In 1821, he entered the service of the Criminal Court Chamber and soon gained a reputation for incorruptibility. In 1824 he moved to the office of the Russian-American Company.

In St. Petersburg, Ryleev began his literary activity by publishing his articles and poems in magazines. Fame brought him the poem "To the temporary worker", denouncing the all-powerful royal favorite A. A. Arakcheev.

In 1821-1823. Ryleev created a cycle of historical songs "Duma" ("Oleg the Prophet", "Mstislav the Udaly", "Death of Yermak", "Ivan Susanin", etc.); in 1823-1825 published the literary almanac "Polar Star". Regarding his talent, he did not flatter himself, declaring: "I am not a poet, I am a citizen." In 1823, Ryleev was admitted to the secret Northern Society, and was immediately ranked among the "convinced"; from the end of 1824 he was a member of the directory of this organization and actually headed it.

According to his views, he was a republican, he proposed to solve the issue of the fate of the imperial family in a compromise - to take it abroad.

Participation in the conspiracy combined with a turbulent life in the capital: in 1824, defending the honor of his sister, he was wounded in a duel, in 1825 he participated in another duel as a second. On the eve of the uprising on December 14, 1825, the apartment of Ryleev, who fell ill with tonsillitis, on the Moika became the headquarters of the rebels; on the day of the uprising, he went to Senate Square, but, being a civilian, he could not influence its course. That same night, Ryleev was arrested and placed in Alekseevsky ravelin, where he continued to write poetry, piercing letters with a needle on maple leaves.

Among the five most active conspirators, Ryleev was sentenced to death; after an unsuccessful first attempt, he was hanged a second time on July 25, 1826 in St. Petersburg.

Russian poet, public figure, Decembrist, one of the five executed leaders of the December uprising of 1825

Kondraty Ryleev

short biography

Kondraty Ryleev was born on September 18 (September 29), 1795 in the village of Batovo (now the territory of the Gatchina district of the Leningrad region) in the family of a small estate nobleman Fyodor Andreevich Ryleev (1746-1814), the manager of Princess Varvara Golitsyna, and Anastasia Matveevna Essen (1758-1824). In 1801-1814 he studied at the St. Petersburg First Cadet Corps. Participated in foreign campaigns of the Russian army in 1813-1814.

There is a description of Ryleev’s appearance during the period of his military service: “He was of medium height, good build, his face was round, clean, his head was proportional, but the upper part of it was somewhat wider; his eyes are brown, somewhat bulging, always moist ... being somewhat short-sighted, he wore glasses (but more while studying at his desk).

In 1818 he retired. In 1820 he married Natalia Mikhailovna Tevyasheva. From 1821 he served as an assessor of the St. Petersburg Criminal Chamber, from 1824 - the head of the office of the Russian-American Company.

In 1820 he wrote the famous satirical ode "To the temporary worker"; On April 25, 1821, he joined the Free Society of Lovers of Russian Literature. In 1823-1825, Ryleev, together with Alexander Bestuzhev, published the annual almanac "Polar Star". He was a member of the St. Petersburg Masonic Lodge "To the Flaming Star".

Ryleev's thought "The Death of Yermak" was partially set to music and became a song.

In 1823 he became a member of the Northern Decembrist Society, then heading its most radical wing. At first, he stood on moderate constitutional-monarchist positions, but later became a supporter of the republican system.

On September 10, 1825, he acted as a second in a duel between his friend, cousin, lieutenant K. P. Chernov and a representative of the aristocracy, adjutant wing V. D. Novosiltsev. The cause of the duel was a conflict due to prejudices associated with the social inequality of the duelists (Novosiltsev was engaged to Chernov's sister, Ekaterina, but under the influence of his mother, he decided to refuse to marry). Both participants in the duel were mortally wounded and died a few days later. Chernov's funeral resulted in the first mass demonstration organized by the Northern Society of Decembrists.

Ryleev (according to another version - V.K. Kuchelbeker) is credited with the free-thinking poem "I swear on honor and Chernov."

He was one of the main organizers of the uprising on December 14 (26), 1825. Being in the fortress, he scratched on a tin plate, in the hope that someone would read his last poems.

“Prison is in honor of me, not in reproach,
For a just cause, I'm in it,
And should I be ashamed of these chains,
When I wear them for the Fatherland!

Pushkin's correspondence with Ryleev and Bestuzhev, concerning mainly literary matters, was of a friendly nature. It is unlikely that Ryleev’s communication with Griboedov was also politicized - if both called each other “republicans”, then, rather, because of their belonging to the VOLRS, also known as the “Academic Republic”, than for any other reasons.

In preparing the uprising on December 14, Ryleev played one of the leading roles. While imprisoned, he took all the “blame” upon himself, sought to justify his comrades, placed vain hopes on the mercy of the emperor for them.

execution

Ryleev was executed by hanging on July 13 (25), 1826 in the Peter and Paul Fortress, among the five leaders of the speech, along with P. I. Pestel, S. I. Muravyov-Apostol, M. P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin, P. G. Kakhovsky. His last words on the scaffold, addressed to the priest P. N. Myslovsky, were: "Father, pray for our sinful souls, do not forget my wife and bless my daughter." Ryleev was one of the three unfortunates whose rope broke. He fell into the scaffold and some time later was hanged again. According to some sources, it was Ryleev who said before his re-execution: “An unfortunate country where they don’t even know how to hang you” (sometimes these words are attributed to P. I. Pestel or S. I. Muravyov-Apostol).

The exact burial place of K. F. Ryleev, like other executed Decembrists, is unknown. According to one version, he was buried along with other executed Decembrists on Goloday Island.

Books

During the life of Kondraty Ryleev, two of his books were published: in 1825 - "Dumas", and a little later in the same year the poem "Voinarovsky" was published.

It is known how Pushkin reacted to Ryleev's "Dums" and - in particular - to "Oleg the Prophet". “They are all weak in invention and presentation. All of them are of the same cut: they are made up of common places (loci topici) ... a description of the scene, the speech of the hero and - moralizing, ”Pushkin wrote to K. F. Ryleev. “There is nothing national, Russian in them, except for names.”

In 1823, Ryleev made his debut as a translator - a free translation from the Polish poem by Y. Nemtsevich "Glinsky: Duma" was published in the printing house of the Imperial Educational House.

After the Decembrist uprising, Ryleev's publications were banned and mostly destroyed. Handwritten lists of Ryleev's poems and poems are known, which were distributed illegally on the territory of the Russian Empire.

The Berlin, Leipzig and London editions of Ryleev, undertaken by the Russian emigration, in particular Ogarev and Herzen in 1860, were also illegally distributed.

Memory

• In St. Petersburg there is Ryleeva street.
• The city of Tambov also has Ryleeva Street.
• In Ulyanovsk there is Ryleeva street.
• In Petrozavodsk there is Ryleeva street and Ryleeva lane.
• In Tyumen there is Ryleeva street.
• There is Ryleyeva street in Lviv.
• In Kaluga there is Ryleeva street.
• In Makhachkala there is Ryleeva street.
• In Astrakhan there is Ryleeva street.
• In Samara - Ryleeva lane (located near Pestel street).
• In Chelyabinsk there is Ryleeva street.

Addresses in St. Petersburg

Spring 1824 - 12/14/1825 - the house of the Russian-American company - the embankment of the Moika River, 72.

Editions

• “Poems. K. Ryleev” (Berlin, 1857)
• Ryleev K.F. Dumas. Poems. With a preface by N. Ogaryov / Iskander edition. - London.: Trubner & co, 1860. - 172 p.
• Ryleev K. F. Poems. With a biography of the author and a story about his treasury / Edition of Wolfgang Gerhard, Leipzig, in the printing house of G. Petz, Naumburg, 1862. - XVIII, 228, IV p.
• Works and correspondence of Kondraty Fedorovich Ryleev. Edition of his daughter. Ed. P. A. Efremova. - St. Petersburg, 1872.
• Ryleev K. F. Dumas / The publication was prepared by L. G. Frizman. - M.: science, 1975. - 254 p. Circulation 50,000 copies. (Literary monuments)

A brief biography of Konarmy Ryleev, a famous Russian poet, is presented in this article.

Kondraty Fedorovich Ryleev short biography

Ryleev was born on September 18 (29), 1795 in the family of a retired army officer. His father was very fond of cards and lost two of his estates. He wanted to drill his son and sent him to the St. Petersburg Cadet Corps, where the young man studied for 13 years (1801 - 1814). Even in the cadet corps, he discovered a talent for writing poetry.

In 1818, Kondraty Fedorovich decided to take up creativity. After 2 years, he married Natalia Tevyasheva and, inspired by this event, Ryleev wrote the famous ode "To the temporary worker." The poet's wife's parents were wealthy Ukrainian landowners who graciously accepted him, despite his father's squandering and unenviable position.

In 1821, he entered the service in the criminal state chamber of St. Petersburg, and after 2 years he transferred to the Russian-American Company, having received the position of the ruler of the office.

In 1823, Ryleev became a member of the Free Society of Lovers of Russian Literature, and until 1924 he was publishing the Polar Star together with Bestuzhev. Together with literary activities, Kondraty Fedorovich was engaged in political activities, entering the Northern Decembrist Society. He adhered to the Republican views. When the procession of the Decembrists was carried out on Senate Square, he was in the forefront.

Poet, Decembrist, member of the Northern Society, one of the leaders of the uprising on December 14, 1825. Creator of the almanac "Polar Star". The lyrics, the historical "Dumas", the poems "Voynarovsky", "Nalivaiko" and others are saturated with political associations characteristic of Russian civic romanticism. Executed.

Biography

Born on September 18 (29 n.s.) in the Batovo estate of the St. Petersburg province in the family of an army officer, a poor landowner. He was educated in the Cadet Corps (1801 - 14) in St. Petersburg, released as an ensign in the artillery and sent to the army, which was on a foreign campaign. Staying in Germany, Switzerland and especially in France did not pass without a trace for the young officer.

The victory over Napoleon prompted him to take up a pen, odes appeared: "Love for the Fatherland" (1813), "Prince of Smolensky" (1814).

From 1817, transferred to Russia, Ryleev served in the Voronezh province. Like other advanced officers, he was burdened by the Arakcheev orders in the army, so in 1818 he resigned and moved to St. Petersburg (1820).

In 1821 - 1824 Ryleev served as an assessor of the criminal chamber, in 1824 he entered the Russian-American Company as the head of the office.

In St. Petersburg, he became close to the capital's writers, became a member of the "Free Society of Lovers of Russian Literature". A special place in the poet's work is occupied by the poetic cycle "Duma" (1821-23), the purpose of which was "to remind the youth of the exploits of their ancestors, to acquaint them with the brightest epochs of folk history ...".

In 1825 he wrote the poem "Voynarovsky", containing propaganda of the political ideas of the Decembrists; it expresses Ryleev's credo: "I am not a poet, but a citizen." In the same year he wrote the historical poem "Nalivaiko", the political elegy "Citizen".

In 1823 he was accepted as a member of the Northern Secret Society, soon becoming one of its leaders. In the days before the uprising, he showed exceptional energy, becoming the soul of the upcoming coup, insisting on the need for decisive action.

Arrested and imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress, Ryleev, in a letter to the tsar, took all the blame on himself, trying to save his comrades.

Ryleev Kondraty Fedorovich, short biography which will be discussed below, left an amazing mark on Russian history and literature. He was closely acquainted with A.S. Pushkin and A.S. Griboyedov, but their relationship was based on common literary interests. Much stronger comradely ties connected Ryleev with the republicans M. P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin and others. From the school bench we know that these people are Decembrists, and five of them gave their lives in the fight against the autocracy. But what exactly shaped Kondraty Ryleyev as a person, what paths led him to the dungeons of the Peter and Paul Fortress, and then to the scaffold?

Childhood and youth

A brief biography of Ryleev says that he was born in September 1795, and was executed in July 1826. From this we can conclude that he died very young - he was only thirty years old. But in such a short period of time, the writer managed to write a lot, and do even more. Kondraty spent his childhood on the estate of his father - a small landowner - in the village of Batovo near St. Petersburg. He chose a military career for his son, and already six years old the boy was sent to study in the capital, in the First Cadet Corps.

A brief biography of Ryleev will be incomplete without describing the next stage in the life of a revolutionary, since it is very important, although at first glance it does not seem so. In 1814, the newly minted artillery officer leaves for France following the Russian army, which is smashing Napoleon Bonaparte. Life in the "defeated" country made an indelible impression on Ryleev. If he lived in the 21st century, one could say that he became a fan of the idea of ​​"European integration", but since only the 19th century began, Raleev had no choice but to become a republican. At first he took a moderate position and defended, but the Restoration forced him to change his views to more radical ones.

Return to Russia

Returning to his homeland, Ryleev served in the army for a short time. He retired in 1818, and two years later he married, out of ardent and passionate love, the daughter of the Voronezh landowner Tevyashev, Natalya Mikhailovna. A brief biography of Ryleev says that the couple had two children: a son who died in infancy and a daughter. To feed his family, Kondraty Fedorovich gets a job as an assessor of the St. Petersburg Criminal Chamber. In 1820, the first work of Ryleev the writer was also published - the satirical ode “To the temporary worker”, where the author attacked the mores of the “Arakcheevshchina”.

Literary and social activities

In 1823, Ryleev joined the "Northern Society", and also, together with Bestuzhev, began to publish the almanac "Polar Star". Together with Griboyedov, he was a member of a literary circle with a free-thinking bias, called the "Scientific Republic". He also tried himself as a translator from Polish, thanks to which Glinsky's "Dumas" were published in Russia. A brief biography of Ryleev ranks among the main works of the writer, such as "Ivan Susanin", "The Death of Yermak", as well as the poems "Nalivaiko" and "Voinarovsky". But most of all he was glorified by social activities. The brain and engine of the Northern Society of the Decembrists was precisely K.F. Ryleev. A brief biography indicates that since he was a civilian, he did not stand in a revolutionary square on Sennaya Square. Ryleev had just arrived there, but this fact alone was enough to merit a death sentence. He was one of those three hanged men under whom the rope broke, but contrary to custom, the sentence was nevertheless carried out.