Reader's diary legend about Belgorod kissel. Nestor the chronicler - the legend of the Belgorod jelly

6th grade

Program of G.S. Merkin

Lesson summary

Topic. The legend of the Belgorod wells.

Target :

• to recreate the atmosphere of the era in the course of the messages of the "art critic"; form an idea of ​​the "Tale of the Belgorod wells" as part of the chronicle "The Tale of Bygone Years"; reveal the artistic idea of ​​the legend, which manifested itself in the desire of the Belgorod residents to liberate the Russian land from the invasion;
• to form the ability to highlight the main thing in the message of the teacher and students, the skill of expressive reading, work with illustrations;
• educate interest in the history and culture of Ancient Rus'.

Equipment: multimedia presentation.

DURING THE CLASSES.

I. Organizing time.

II. Learning new material.

1. Message topic, goal, lesson plan.

2. Conversation.

The Old Russian chronicler compared books with rivers: “Behold, the essence of the river, soldering the universe” (“The Tale of Bygone Years”).

What is the meaning of the comparison?

As rivers irrigate the earth, make it fertile, so books nourish the human soul, fill its existence with meaning.

What is an inexhaustible source of knowledge on the history and culture of our country for a modern person?

Ancient books, chronicles, teachings, lives, messages, military and everyday stories.

3. Contact homework. Checking the plan of the textbook article.

How do you understand the words of D.S. Likhachev?

From what sources do we learn about how the life of our distant ancestors developed?

The legend - a folklore work of a historical or legendary nature in a "book", literary processing or a narrative work turned into the past.

Chronicle - a genre of ancient Russian literature, a historical narrative of events in chronological order. Description of events by years.

4. The message of the "art critic" "Culture of Ancient Rus'".

Plan.

1.Georgievsky Cathedral of the Novgorod Yuriev Monastery.

2. Antoniev Monastery.

3. Nikolo-Dvorishchensky Cathedral.

4. Spaso-Mirozhsky Zavelichsky Monastery.

St. George's Church in Staraya Ladoga.

The first in this series, both in time and in significance in building changes, is the church in the name of George the Victorious, erected in 1165. The St.

The frescoes of the drum, the dome, the southern apse (“The Miracle of George about the Serpent”) and individual fragments in other places have survived to this day.

Of all the pre-Mongolian Novgorod churches, St. George's is the most exquisite in form. It is very compact and proportionate. Small in size, it seems to be molded as a single plastic form.

Mstislav Gospel- an outstanding monument of ancient Russian Orthodox culture, a symbol of a new stage in the development of church literature. This manuscript is the oldest copy of the so-called "Russian edition" of the Gospel. The vast majority of Old Russian lists of the Gospel of the XII-XIV centuries. contains a text dating back to the edition of the Mstislav Gospel.

The gospel was written in 1106 in Novgorod by order of Grand Duke Mstislav. For centuries, it, remaining the standard of the sacred gospel texts, was perceived as the spiritual heritage of the nation, an all-Russian Orthodox shrine. No wonder the manuscript, along with ancient Novgorod icons and relics, was transferred by Ivan the Terrible to Moscow and invested in the royal tomb - the Archangel Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin.

Nikolo-Dvorishchensky Cathedral (St. Nicholas Cathedral on Yaroslav's Court)- one of the oldest Novgorod temples. In terms of age, it is second only to the St. Sophia Cathedral. It was founded in 1113 on the territory of Yaroslav's court by Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich.

Spaso-Mirozhsky Zavelichsky Monastery in Pskov.The exact date of foundation of the monastery is unknown. It is usually attributed to the middle of the XII century. and associated with the name of a Greek by birth, St. Nifont, Bishop of Novgorod.

The monastery was one of the cultural centers of the city, the Pskov chronicle was kept here, it had a library, a scribes' workshop (who copied, in particular, The Tale of Igor's Campaign), and an icon-painting workshop. The monastery was rich. His urban territory of the monastery occupied the entire floodplain of the river. Mirozhy (with mills), bank of the river. Great with forges, household yards.

What is characteristic of the architectural monuments of this period?

5. The message of the "literary critic" about the "Tale of Bygone Years".

The collection "The Tale of Bygone Years" is named so by literary critics according to the first lines of the work: "Behold the Tale of Bygone Years, where did the Russian land come from, who in Kyiv began the first prince, and where did the Russian land come from ...".

This is the work of many people, there is Shakhmatov's hypothesis about its creation. According to Shakhmatov's hypothesis, the first annalistic code, called the Most Ancient, was compiled at the metropolitan department in Kyiv, founded in 1037. The sources for the chronicler were legends, folk songs, oral stories of contemporaries, and some written documents. The most ancient set was continued and supplemented in 1073 by the monk Nikon, one of the founders of the Kyiv Caves Monastery. Then, in 1093, Abbot of the Kiev-Pechersk Monastery John created the Initial Code, which used Novgorod records and Greek sources: “Chronograph according to the great exposition”, “The Life of Anthony”, etc. The initial code was fragmentarily preserved in the initial part of the Novgorod First Chronicle of the younger version . Nestor revised the Primary Code, expanded the historiographic basis and brought Russian history into the framework of traditional Christian historiography. He supplemented the chronicle with the texts of treaties between Rus' and Byzantium and introduced additional historical traditions preserved in the oral tradition.

According to Shakhmatov, Nestor wrote the first edition of The Tale of Bygone Years in the Kiev Caves Monastery in 1110-1112. The second edition was created by hegumen Sylvester in Kiev's Vydubitsky St. Michael's Monastery in 1116. Compared to Nestor's version, the final part was revised. In 1118, the third edition of the Tale was compiled on behalf of the Novgorod prince Mstislav I Vladimirovich.

6. The word of the teacher.

"The story ..." is diverse. It can be divided into two parts.

Historical and ethnographic,associated with Christian mythology (about the division of all lands between the sons of Noah, three sons - Shem, Ham, Japheth. The Slavic tribes went to Japheth. We are the Japheth tribe). In "The Tale ..." an attempt was made to show the place of Rus' in the historical world process.

The legend about the visit of the Slavic lands by the Apostle Andrew says that he visited the territory of Kyiv, blessed these lands and said that there would be a city and many churches. I couldn’t say anything good about Novgorod, because people, steaming in a bathhouse, beat themselves with rods. Kyiv and Novgorod are rival cities.

How Kyiv was founded is also described in the "Tale ...", but we talked about this in detail in the fifth grade.

Dated partabout the Kievan princes. Rurik - Oleg - Igor, son of Rurik - Olga, wife of Igor - Svyatoslav - Vladimir - Yaroslav - Izyaslav - Vladimir Monomakh, grandson of Yaroslav.

The dated part contains two non-princely legends: about Belgorod jelly and Nikita Kozhemyak.

On the basis of folk legends, Nestor included in the Tale of Bygone Years a story about Belgorod jelly, which, on the advice of an old man, the people of Belgorod poured into the well and thereby convinced the Pechenegs besieging them that the earth itself feeds them.

7. Turning to homework. Artistic retelling of "The Tale of the Belgorod Wells".

Difficult words comment:talker, veche, elder, kad, princely medusha, korchaga, patch, basket, siege, bran, Pechenegs.

Medusha - a cellar for storing boiled honey and other alcoholic beverages.

Korchaga, an amphora-type vessel with round plastic shapes, common in Kievan Rus in the 10th-12th centuries. From the 13th century in Rus', k. called clay vessels in the form of a pot with a very wide bell.

Latka - g pottery in the form of an oblong bowl, used for frying.

Lukoshko (from onion, onion - "bend, arc") - a bent box, box, usually from birch bark or bast.

Bran - by-product of flour milling. Consists of shells of grain and the remains of unsorted flour. Depending on the type of processed grain, O. is divided into: wheat, rye, barley, rice, buckwheat, etc.

Pechenegs , the Russian name of the people of Turkic origin, to the beginning. 10th century who occupied the steppes between the Don and the Danube. They had princes and popular assemblies; were engaged in trade. From 968 they constantly attacked the Russians. earth.

What character traits of the elder helped the townspeople to withstand the siege.

The elder has seen a lot in his lifetime, met with the Pechenegs more than once, who are easy to deceive. The legend reflected folk ideas about the mind and resourcefulness of the Russian people.

How can you evaluate the act of Belgorod residents?

The people of Belgorod knew that the Pechenegs, which outnumbered the army, could only be defeated with patience and wisdom. They believed the wisest of the elders and thus protected their native land.

What words end the story? Is there any resemblance to folk tales in the ending? Explain the meaning of the expression "let's go." Make up your own sentence with this expression.

The word "home" of all Slavic languages ​​​​is only in Russian. In Ukrainian, Belarusian and Polish they say quite differently: "to the house."

It was written in three words: "in your own si."

Modern dictionaries label it "colloquial" and "ironic" next to it. Such a turn is very common in fairy tales. For example, in the tale of Vasilisa the Wise: “The old man gathered for him all the bulls and cows, sheep and rams, a herd of horses, a wide yard with mansions, barns and sheds, and many servants. The man took the casket and went home.

8. Reference to the textbook. Reading the article "For you, inquisitive!"

9. The message of the "literary critic" about Nestor.

The Monk Nestor the Chronicler was born in the 50s of the 11th century in Kyiv. As a young man he came to the Monk Theodosius and became a novice. The Monk Nestor was tonsured by the successor of the Monk Theodosius, hegumen Stefan. The Monk Nestor deeply appreciated true knowledge, combined with humility and repentance. “There is great benefit from the teaching of the book,” he said. “These are rivers that water the universe, from which wisdom comes. of his soul, for he who reads books converses with God or holy men." In the monastery, the Monk Nestor carried out the obedience of a chronicler.

The main feat of the life of the Monk Nestor was the compilation of the "Tale of Bygone Years" by 1112-1113. "Behold the tales of bygone years, where did the Russian land come from, who in Kyiv began first to reign, and where did the Russian land come from" - this is how the Monk Nestor defined the goal of his work from the first lines. An unusually wide range of sources, comprehended from a single, strictly ecclesiastical point of view, allowed the Monk Nestor to write the history of Rus' as constituent part world history, the history of the salvation of the human race.

The Monk Nestor died about the year 1114, having bequeathed to the chronicler monks of the Caves the continuation of his great work. Hegumen Sylvester became his successors in the annals, who gave modern look"The Tale of Bygone Years", hegumen Moses Vydubitsky, who extended it until 1200, and finally, Abbot Lavrenty, who wrote in 1377 the oldest of the lists that have come down to us that have preserved the "Tale" of St. Nestor ("Laurentian Chronicle").

10. Listening to Pimen's aria from MP Mussorgsky's opera "Boris Godunov".

How do you imagine the hero of the opera?

11. Appeal to the illustration of the tragedy of A.S. Pushkin "Boris Godunov" by the artist V.A. Favorsky.

What are the similarities and differences between musical and artistic images?

12. An expressive reading by the teacher of a fragment from the Tale of Bygone Years ”in Old Russian from the words“ In the summer of 6505. Volodimer going to Novgorod ”to the words“ and in your own idosha ”.

In the summer of 6505. Volodymyr, who went to Novgorod along the upper war to the Pechenegs, to fight is great without a stop. At the same time, having noticed the liver, as if there was no prince, they came and stood near Belgorod. And do not let them fly out of the city. For the famine is great in the city, and do not lie to help Volodymyr, and do not lie to give him water, and still fearing that they did not gather howls to him, but there were a lot of cookies. And continue, standing in the city of people, and the gladness is great. And I created everything in the city and decided: “Behold, you want to die of starvation, but there is no help from the prince. Is it better for us to die? Let's give in to the Pecheneg, but who will be revived, who will be killed, we are already dying of hunger. And so did the world. And even then one elder was not in the evening, asking: “What for the sake of doing all the people?” And telling him how the people want to pass the morning with the Pecheneg. Behold, hear the ambassador of the elders of the town and say to them: “Hear, as if you want to be transferred to the Pecheneg.” They decided: "Do not endure the people of hunger." And he said to them: "Listen to me, do not surrender for three days, and I will command and do." And they, for the sake of and promising to listen. And he said to them: "Take a handful of oats, or wheat, or a cut." They, walking, for the sake of profit. And he commanded the wives to create a chain, boil jelly in it, and commanded to dig a storehouse, and put a cad in there, and pour a cad. And he ordered to dig another treasury and put another cad there. Command them to look for honey. They, walking, taking onion honey, were buried as princes of medusha. And he commanded the velmi to saturate the water and pour it into the cad and into the friends of the storehouse of tacos. The next morning he sent an ambassador to the Pechenga. The townspeople, on their way, said in a pechenig: “You will have our family, and you, up to 10, your husband, go to the city and see that this is our city.” The bakers are happy to be, thinking, as if they want to pass it on, and they themselves chose the best men in the city and sent it to the city, so that they could see what they had to do with the city. And having come to the city, and the people said: “Why are you destroying yourself? When can you get over us? If you stand for 10 years, what can you do to us? We have more food from the earth. If you don't believe, let your eyes see." And having brought I to the treasure, go and go, and scooped up a bucket and poured it into patches. And I boiled before them, and as if I cooked jelly before them, and I ate, and brought to another treasury, and scooped full, and often eat the first themselves, then the liver. And surprised, rekosha: "Our princes do not have faith in this, if not eat themselves." And people nalyash korchagu tszhzha and are full from the hoard and vdasha baker. They, having come, told the whole former. And cooking jelly, and yasha princes of cookies and marveling. And we ate our own hoists, but they let them go, and get out of the hail, and get out of your own idosha.

What is the tone of the passage?

The intonation of the passage is majestically calm, solemn. The special nature of stress in words, pauses, short distinct phrases create a special rhythm characteristic of a piece of music.

IV. Summing up the lesson.

Continue suggestions:

Today in class I learned...

Today in class I realized...

I would like to know…

V. Homework.

3. Make a plan for "The Tale of the Ruin of Ryazan by Batu".

4. Prepare an artistic retelling of the episode of the battle of Evpaty Kolovrat.

5.Individual tasks:

Prepare reports of the "historian" about Ryazan and the Ryazan princes before the invasion of Batu and about Batu and the "literary critic" about the time of the creation of the "Tale ..." and its role in the chronicle;

Question brief retelling fairy tales about Belgorod kissel. a brief retelling of the tale of Belgorod jelly given by the author Ilya Karmatsky the best answer is The Pechenegs came and stood near Belgorod. A severe famine began in the besieged city. The inhabitants of the city gathered a veche and decided to kill each other so as not to surrender to the enemies alive. But one of the elders asked me to wait three days. He ordered the women to collect the remains of oats and make a mash from it, from which jelly is boiled. Then he told them to find some honey and cook satu (sweet honey syrup). He ordered the men to dig two wells. Insert a caddy with a chatterbox into one, and into the second - with a well-fed honey.
The next day, the old man ordered to send for the Pechenegs to start negotiations. They were delighted, decided that the city wanted to surrender, and sent their representatives. The Belgorod people brought them to the city and said: "Why destroy yourself? Is it possible to defeat us? If you stand for ten years, then what will you do to us? For we have food from the earth." And they led them to the well, in which there was a chatterbox. They took it out and boiled jelly. And from another well they got a sweet full.
The surprised Pechenegs tasted jelly with a well-fed, and realized that they could not defeat the people who were fed by the earth. We got up and went away from the city.

Answer from ¦Eg?¦ ???u??[guru]
There's not much, read
In the summer of 997. The Pechenegs came and stood near Belgorod. They weren't allowed to leave the city. The siege dragged on, and there was a strong famine in the city.
And they gathered a veche1 in the city and said:
We'll soon die of hunger. Let's surrender to the Pechenegs - maybe they will at least leave someone alive, otherwise we will all die.
One elder, who was not at the veche, asked: “Why was the veche?” And the people told him that in the morning they wanted to surrender to the Pechenegs. Hearing of this, he sent for the city elders and said to them:
- Listen to me, don't give up for another three days and do what I tell you.
They gladly promised to obey.
And said to them:
- Collect at least a handful of oats, wheat or bran.
They collected. And he ordered the women to make a mash, from which jelly is boiled, to dig a well, and pour the mash into a tub and lower it into the well. And he ordered to dig another well, and put a tub in it, and look for honey. We found a basket of honey in the prince's pantry. And he ordered to dilute the honey and pour it into a tub in the second well.
The next morning he ordered to send for the Pechenegs. And the townspeople said, having come to the Pechenegs:
- Take hostages from us, and send ten men yourself to see what is happening in our city.
The Pechenegs were delighted, thinking that they wanted to surrender to them, they chose the best husbands and sent them to the city.
And they came into the city, and the people said to them:
Why are you ruining yourself? Can you get over us? Even if you stand ten years, what will you do to us? For we have food from the earth. If you don't believe me, see with your own eyes.
And they brought them to the well, where there was a talker of jelly, and they scooped it up with a bucket, and poured it into pots. And when the jelly was cooked, they took it, and came to another well, and scooped up honey, and began to eat themselves and gave it to the Pechenegs. And the Pechenegs were surprised and said: "Our princes will not believe us if they do not taste it themselves."
The people poured a bowl of jelly talker and honey from the well and gave it to the Pechenegs. When they returned, they told everything that had happened. And, having cooked, the Pecheneg princes ate and wondered. And, releasing the hostages, they got up and went away from the city.

Answer from Daniil Karlov[active]
Too lazy to read?

Answer from Vladislav Terekhov[newbie]
Danil Karlov, yes!

Answer from Ekaterina Shirinkina[newbie]
This happened in those distant times, when the steppe peoples often attacked Kievan Rus. One of them, the Pechenegs, once came to Belgorod, but could not take it by storm. Then they surrounded the city and besieged it. The state of siege continued for a long time. Hunger has come. The exhausted people came to such despair that they were about to surrender to the Pechenegs. They gathered a veche (a popular assembly in ancient Rus') and said: “Is it better for us to die like this? - let's surrender to the Pechenegs - let them let them live, and let them kill them; We are already dying of hunger anyway. Then an old man stood up and gave wise advice. He suggested not to surrender to the enemies, but to try to outwit them. The old man gave the task from each yard to collect at least one handful of oats, wheat or bran. When all this was collected, the women made a mash, dug a well, put a kad (large tub) in it and poured the mash into it.
The next day, several Pechenegs were invited to the city for negotiations. Seeing how the Russian people get food from the well and eat it, the Pechenegs were very surprised. And the townspeople said: “Can you overcome us? If you stand ten years, what will you do to us? For we have food from the earth." The Pechenegs decided that the Belgorod people were fed by the land itself. So, do not stop them Russian. So the enemies left the walls of the city with nothing.

Answer from Kristalina Mina[newbie]
The legend speaks of the cunning of the old man. When the Pechenegs besieged the city and there was nothing to eat, the inhabitants of the city gathered a meeting, and the elder was told that the inhabitants of the city would not last long because of the siege. The elder ordered to take the remnants of flour (grain, bran) in one tub and honey in another. The tubs were placed in wells. Then the Pechenegs were called to the city and told them that the land itself gives food, they got food from the well and fed the Pechenegs. The Pechenegs realized that they could not starve the city and left

The folk legend in the chronicle is "The Tale of the Young Man-Kozhemyak" (year 992). It says that Prince Vladimir had just returned from the war when the Pechenegs attacked Rus'. On the banks of the Trubezh River, at the ford, Vladimir stood on one side, and the Pechenegs on the other, and "neither ours dared to cross to that side, nor those to ours." And the Pecheneg prince Vladimir suggested: "You let your warrior go, and I let mine out, let them fight. If your husband throws mine to the ground, then we will not fight for three years, but if our husband throws yours to the ground, then we will ruin you for three years" . And Vladimir sent heralds with the words: “Is there no such husband who would grapple with the Pecheneg?” But no one was found. The Pechenegs brought their husband. As the chronicler says, he was very "great and terrible." The legend tells how the Russians, summoned to single combat, searched in vain for a duel who could resist the Pecheneg hero, how then Vladimir began to "grieve", sending messengers to all the soldiers, and how, finally, an old husband appeared and told Vladimir about his stay at home younger son, unprepossessing in appearance, but very strong. The young man brought to the prince asks to test him first and pulls out the side with the skin from the angry bull. It was Nikita Kozhemyaka. "And the Pecheneg saw him and laughed, for he was of medium height." The author tells how "they grabbed hold and began to press each other tightly, and the young Pecheneghin strangled his hands to death. And threw him to the ground. There was a cry, and the Pechenegs ran, and the Russians chased them and drove them away" 1 .

The leather craftsman puts the prince's squad to shame and saves Rus' from the Pechenegs' raid. He accomplishes a feat that none of Prince Vladimir's combatants could accomplish. The chronicler glorifies the greatness of a simple Russian man - a worker, his love for his native land. The images of the story are markedly contrasting. At first glance, the Russian youth is unremarkable, but he embodies the mighty power that the Russian people possess, protecting their land from external enemies.

There is a lot of epic in the story about the young kozhemyak: the battle begins with a duel, two forces are opposed to each other, the image of the enemy duel is created by means of hyperbolization 2, the enemy is terrible and great, the significance of the Russian hero is deliberately underestimated.

Oral tradition became the basis of the chronicle story about the Belgorod jelly. "The Tale of the Belgorod Kissel" is a typical folk story about deceiving enemies with cunning. Belgorod residents, on the advice of an old man, poured jelly into the well and thereby convinced the Pechenegs besieging them that the earth itself feeds them. The Pechenegs approached Belgorod and "did not let them leave the city, and there was a strong famine in the city ... And the siege of the city dragged on." Desperate people have already decided to surrender to the Pechenegs. "And they gathered veche in the city, and said:" Is it better for us to die like this? - let's surrender to the Pechenegs - let them let them live, and whom they will kill; anyway, we are already dying of hunger. One elder advised people not to surrender to the enemy, but "to collect at least a handful of oats, wheat or bran. They joyfully went and collected them. And they ordered the women to make a mash, dig a well, put a cad in it, and pour it with a mash." The next day they brought the Pechenegs and convinced them that the Belgorod people were fed by the land itself. "How can you resist us? If you stand ten years, what will you do to us? For we have food from the earth," said the townspeople. And the enemies left the city home. Here the Russian chronicler glorifies the wisdom and resourcefulness of the people.

Both legends are remarkable in that a hero acts in them - a simple Russian man, who, by his personal initiative, liberates the Russian land from enemies. The stories are filled with love for the motherland. They evoke patriotic feelings, give knowledge of their past, their country, their native history. According to D.S. Likhachev, "the more clearly we see the past, the more clearly we see the future. The roots of modernity go deep into our native soil."

The tales of Kozhemyak and Belgorod jelly are complete plot narratives, built on the opposition of the inner strength of the worker and the only terrible enemy, the wisdom of the old man and the gullibility of the Pechenegs. The culmination of the plots are fights: in the first - physical combat, in the second - the struggle of the mind and resourcefulness with stupidity. The plot of the legend about Kozhemyak is close to the plots of heroic folk epics, and the legend about Belgorod kissel is close to folk tales.

Read also other topics of the chapter "Literature of Kievan Rus":

• Russian chronicles. "The Tale of Bygone Years"
  • "The Tale of the Youth-Kozhemyak". "The Legend of Belgorod Kissel"

Novgorod, Nikolo-Dvorishchensky sopor. Fragment of the fresco "Job on the mound"

Icon of the Mirozhskaya Mother of God with the upcoming St. princes Dovmont and Maria Dmitrievna. The monastery was one of the cultural centers of Pskov, the Pskov chronicle was kept here, it had a library, a scribes' workshop (who copied, in particular, The Tale of Igor's Campaign), and an icon-painting workshop. The abode was rich.

One more, last tale And my chronicle is over, The duty, bequeathed from the god to Me, a sinner, is fulfilled. It is not for nothing that the Lord made me a Witness for many years And enlightened the book art; Someday an industrious monk Will find my work, zealous, nameless, He will light, like me, his lamp And, shaking off the dust of centuries from the charters, Will rewrite the true stories, May the descendants of the Orthodox Land of their native land know the past fate, They commemorate their great kings For their labors, for glory, for good And for sins, for the dark deeds of the Savior, they humbly beg.
In l ѣ then Volodimer, who was walking to Novgorod along in ѣ rkhniye in ѣ on the liver ѣ gee, b ѣ to the army of a great demon of clatter. At the same time, uv ѣ dasha pechen ѣ z ѣ, like a prince n ѣ that, he came and settled near B ѣ lagorod. And not dadyahut howled a hundred from the city. B ѣ for hunger the city is great, and don’t help Volodymyr, and don’t b ѣ lz ѣ go to him, and yet they haven’t gathered howls to him, there are a lot of livers. And continue, standing in the city - people, and b ѣ gladness is great. And she created a city in ѣ and rѣ sha: “You want to die of starvation, but you can’t help from the prince. Would you rather die? Let's go to the liver and gom, but who will be revived, who will be killed, we are already dying of famine. And such a saint did. And if only one old man was not in ѣ tom, asking: “What for the sake of it did you do in ѣ people?” And give it to him, as if in the morning the people want to transfer the liver and gom.

Nestor, who served as a monk in the Kiev Caves Monastery at the beginning of the 12th century, dedicated his famous “Tale of Bygone Years” to the history of the Old Russian state. The Russians had to go through a lot in their history, including the invasion of nomads. Among them are the Turkic tribes of the Pechenegs, who brought a lot of suffering and disasters. This, in particular, tells the "Legend of the Belgorod kissel."

Russians have always been famous not only for their feats of arms, but also for their ingenuity, which allows them to find a way out of the most difficult situations. This once again proves summary story.

"The Legend of Belgorod Kissel" can be safely called a hymn to the Russian mind, resourcefulness, and patriotism. It is no coincidence that the story of the elder has been forever preserved in the memory of the people - after all, the legend was written down by Nestor a century after the Belgorod events (in the annals they are dated 997).

Siege of Belgorod

In the indicated year, the tribes of Turkic nomadic cattle breeders approached Belgorod and decided to take it by siege. Now the inhabitants could not go beyond the fortress, and soon a severe famine began. The elders had to convene a veche - a meeting at which the townspeople always resolved the most important issues. On reflection, they came to the conclusion: you need to surrender until everyone is dead. With such sad events begins the "Legend of Belgorod Kissel", a brief summary of which is given here.

An unexpected proposal from an old man

One of the elders, who was absent from the meeting, found out what was the matter and asked the elders to be called to him. When they arrived, the elder offered to wait another three days and do during this time what he commanded. And he first ordered the women to collect at least a handful of oats, wheat or bran, then make a mash from them, from which jelly is boiled, and pour it into a tub. After that, dig a well and put a tub with a chatterbox on the bottom. When everything was done, they did the same with honey - a basket of it was found in the prince's pantry - they poured honey into a tub, and lowered the tub into the second dug well.

By morning, two wells were ready in the city with tubs lowered into them: in one there was a mash for brew, in the other - a little honey. This is how the plot develops in the Tale of Belgorod Kissel in an unusual way. A brief summary will help you find out what happened next and whether the elder managed to save the city.

Surprised Pechenegs

In the morning, the elder ordered that representatives of the Pechenegs be called to Belgorod so that they themselves could see how the townspeople lived under siege. Seeing the ambassadors, the nomads were delighted: they decided that the besieged wanted to surrender, and therefore immediately sent their best husbands to the city. But the inhabitants of Belgorod offered the Pechenegs to leave voluntarily, since the enemies would still not be able to defeat the city, even if they stood at its walls for at least 10 years, because Mother Earth herself gives food to the townspeople. In support of their words, the exhausted but steadfast inhabitants of the fortress, about whom the “Tale of the Belgorod Kissel” tells, led the Pechenegs to the wells. First, as the elder ordered, they scooped up chatterboxes from the first well and boiled jelly out of it. Then they took honey from the second well and added it to the jelly. Ready-made brew was treated to the Pechenegs.

Decoupling of action

The Pechenegs were very surprised at what they saw, but said that they were unlikely to believe their story. Then the inhabitants collected more talkers with honey, so that the Pechenegs would take them with them.

Returning back, the ambassadors told their brethren about everything, and as proof they cooked jelly from the brought talker, added honey to it and gave it to everyone to try. The nomads believed that the land itself gives food to the Rus, and therefore they released the Russian husbands, who remained hostage to them while the ambassadors went to the city. And the Pechenegs withdrew from Belgorod voluntarily. So, optimistically and with faith in the strength of the Russian people, the work “The Legend of the Belgorod Kissel” is uploaded.

Centuries have passed, but even today, from the “Tale of the Belgorod Kissel”, a summary of which you read, you can draw one important idea: the strength and wealth of any state is in its inhabitants - ordinary people who selflessly and disinterestedly love their Motherland, ready for anything for it . So it was and so it will always be.