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Christmas decorations with your own hands. Trash factory of Christmas decorations What is common between Christmas decorations and glucose

Chemistry quiz questions for an intellectual marathon

Which Russian chemist was an entomologist and was engaged in beekeeping?
What is more dangerous in terms of fire: a barrel filled to the brim with gasoline or not completely filled with it?
What element are you talking about?
Everyone needs him when he is only tied,
And with great difficulty
The whole world of living beings must
Him vegetable protein.
Distributed in all three kingdoms,
Released in fire.
And he is in paints and medicines,
He is needed in peace and in war
What element are you talking about?
In salts it is colorless, safe,
Useful for everyone.
Becomes very dangerous
When he is completely free.
Then it's poisonous, colored
And can crawl on the ground
Suffocating, seemed scary,
As the first gas of all OB
How are the "Wandering Wisps" in the swamp, described by Arthur Conan Doyle in the story "The Hound of the Baskervilles" formed? Why does the water of the swamp “gurgle” before the onset of inclement weather?
What is the relationship between glucose and Christmas decorations?

Answers:

A.M. Butlerov. He wrote his first scientific work "Daytime butterflies of the Volga-Ural fauna" and defended it as a dissertation, he was engaged in beekeeping in the Butlerovka estate of the Kazan province).
(In a barrel not completely filled with gasoline, a mixture of its vapors with air is formed, exploding even from a spark. Therefore, in terms of fire, it is more dangerous than a barrel filled to the top.).
(nitrogen).
chlorine).
When plant residues rot on the bottom of the swamps under the influence of microorganisms (methane fermentation), a "marsh gas" is formed - methane, which is capable of self-igniting in air, giving rise to "wandering lights". Before the onset of inclement weather, there is a decrease in atmospheric pressure. At high pressure the gases stay at the bottom of the swamps, and when it is low, they go outside, spreading in breadth and upwards. At this moment, you can hear the characteristic "gurgling of water".
Since glucose contains an aldehyde group of atoms, then, like aldehydes, it gives a silver mirror reaction with an ammonia solution of silver oxide. In this reaction, silver oxide is the oxidizing agent and glucose is the reducing agent. As a reducing agent, glucose is used to make Christmas toys (silver plating reaction)

Options for questions and answers for students in grade 10

Which substance is quenched with water even though it does not burn? - Calcium oxide (CaO) - quicklime.

What acid is always found in the human stomach, and when it is deficient, it is drunk as a medicine? - Hydrochloric acid (HCL).

What royal drink has not been drunk by any king? Name its composition. - Royal vodka. It is a mixture of concentrated nitric and hydrochloric acids in a ratio of 1:3.

What effect does chloroform have on the human body? - According to the nature of the action, chloroform is a drug. It causes dermatitis, eczema, gastrointestinal disorders. A slight poisoning is accompanied by vomiting, pain in the stomach.

Why do smart housewives put a few ripe apples to them when storing potatoes in the basement? - Ripe fruits of apples emit ethylene gas, which causes inhibition of growth processes. Potato tubers last longer and do not germinate.

Why not make "houses" for birds out of plastic? - Unlike wood, plastic is not able to absorb moisture and release it to the outside, so the water vapor released during breathing accumulates, forming high humidity, which is detrimental to birds.

What is the source of anthropogenic methane? What effect does it have on the Earth's atmosphere? - Such sources are rice fields, livestock farms, coal mines and garbage dumps. Anthropogenic methane, absorbing infrared radiation of the earth's surface, enhances the greenhouse effect.

What products of combustion are emitted by coal-fired thermal power plants? How do they affect the atmosphere? - Combustion products are CO2, CO, 5O2, ash, etc., they enhance the greenhouse effect.

Questions and answersfor11th grade students

What kind of flour is inedible? - Inedible flour, but giving bread, these are mineral fertilizers. This is bone, phosphorite, apathetic flour.

What is the relationship between beets and cake? - Both products contain sugar.

What kind of sugar is not eaten? - Lead sugar, i.e. lead acetate, tastes sweet, but it is poisonous.

What oil is called Provence and why? - The best grade of olive oil (transparent, fragrant, solidifying at -60°C, Provencal oil is named after the province of Provence in southern France).

Why are the concrete trenches being destroyed, through which the waste of fat-packing plants is drained? - The effluent of fat-combining plants always contains fatty acids, which form calcium soap with cement lime, as a result of which the cement is destroyed and the bond between concrete grains is broken.

6. What is the relationship between glucose and Christmas decorations? - Since glucose contains an aldehyde group, it gives a “silver mirror” reaction with an ammonia solution of silver oxide, as a result of the reaction, a thin layer of silver is released, which is covered with Christmas decorations.

7. In 1845, the German chemist Christian. Shenbein accidentally spilled a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acid on the floor. He automatically wiped the floor with his wife's cotton apron, rinsed it, and hung it up to dry over the stove. The apron dried up, but then there was a not very loud explosion and ... the apron was gone. Why did the apron explode? - Threads of cotton fabric are made of cellulose, the composition of the elementary unit of the monomer of which includes three OH groups (hydroxo groups). Under the action of acids, a nitration reaction occurs with the formation of nitrocellulose (pyroxylin), which explodes with the release of heat and gases.

8. On a clear sunny day, Isaac Newton went for a walk and met a shepherd. The shepherd advised the scientist to return home so as not to get caught in the rain. Newton did not heed the advice of the shepherd and was punished. Chilled and wet, he wished to know how the shepherd had managed to predict the weather so accurately. The shepherd replied that a ram had helped him. How? - Before rain and in wet weather, the pores of each hair of the animal are filled with water, the hair swells and lengthens. In dry weather, some of the water evaporates, and the length of the coat decreases.

9. Do human tears have bactericidal properties? - Human tears contain 0.1% proteins, including the enzyme lysozyme, which has a bactericidal effect. Lysozyme quickly and completely dissolves many aerobic bacteria. 10. Why do animals lick their wounds for a long time? - It is not in vain that animals lick their wounds for a long time: in addition to enzymes that kill microorganisms, a special protein was found in saliva that stimulates the reproduction of skin cells and the formation of blood capillaries.

Leading: The next round of our competition is called "Experimenter". From each team are invited - two people.

Your task is to identify several substances by color and with closed eyes by smell.

1st variant of substances

Acetic acid by smell

Gasoline by smell

Formalin by smell

Barium sulfate milky white precipitate

Iron hydroxide (III) brown precipitate

2nd variant of substances

Ammonia by smell

Ethyl alcohol by smell

Kerosene by smell

Silver chloride white cheesy precipitate

Copper (II) hydroxide blue precipitate

Leading: We pass to the second stage of the competition "Experimenter".

Reagent kits are pre-prepared on the table: sodium carbonate solution, dilute hydrochloric acid, calcium hydroxide solution, a glass tube, a piece of chalk, a candle, rubber balls, matches, test tubes.

Leading: Please come to me one participant from each team.

Your task is to get carbon dioxide and explain how you did it.

Music sounds, the guys begin to conduct experiments.

Options for obtaining CO2:

pour sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid into a test tube, CO2 will be released as a result of the reaction;

carry out the reaction of the interaction of chalk with hydrochloric acid;

Light a candle or just a match - when any organic substance burns, CO2 is released;

blow into the calcium hydroxide solution through a glass tube;

just inflate a balloon - we exhale CO2.

(The jury evaluates each of the stages of the "Experimenter" competition by 5 points.)

Leading: Let's move on to the most interesting and exciting round of our competition "Homework".

The first contest "What would it mean?"

Leading; Each team was given the task in advance to draw a picture on an environmental theme. Now you will exchange your drawings and try to explain in 30 seconds what you think is drawn on them.

Explanation of the command " SOS »

Whales generally eat plankton.

But this whale eats everything.

Oh, he is illegible - a glutton,

And he threw out a lot of rubbish.

He changed all his dishes

To what floats around.

Explanation of the "Vobla" command

If the air is polluted

There will be nothing for us to breathe.

A man will put on a spacesuit,

It's a suit for the new age.

Leading: And now the teams will play environmental scenes.

Team scene "SOS»

"Two grandmothers"

Two grandmothers enter the stage: Avdotya Nikitichna- rustic, Marya Ivanovna- urban.

Maria Ivanovna: Hello Avdotya, how are you? How is your health?

Avdotya Nikitichna: Oh! Oh! What is health like now? Sugar, they say, can not be eaten, salt too, already meat is harmful. So I decided to become a vegan.

Maria Ivanovna: Who did you decide to become?

Avdotya Nikitichna: By whom, by whom - a vegeterian!

Maria Ivanovna: Lord, I came up with some kind of cosmic name. Perhaps you mean vegan?

Avdotya Nikitichna: Well, yes. Yentoy herself, who eats all the vegetables. So I decided to live longer.

Maria Ivanovna: And what happens?

Avdotya Nikitichna: Instead of living longer, I almost died earlier.

Maria Ivanovna: How so?

Avdotya Nikitichna: Yes, vegetables are now processed with some kind of nitractors.

Maria Ivanovna: Ha, ha, ha! You got it all wrong again! They are called nitrates, they feed plants.

Avdotya Nikitichna: Yes, now they even eat ozone. He had already been eaten so much that even some holes began to appear in the sky.

Maria Ivanovna: Oh, don't tell me, my granddaughter said that her fiancé recently flew into some kind of pipe! Maybe in this hole, huh? So he sings a song about it, pitiful, like romances used to be sung. Let's listen to her.

Song about the ozone hole

(melody from the film "Cruel Romance")

At last I will tell you:

My dear flew away in vain,

I want to fly, I'm going crazy

Into the ozone hole, into space.

Maybe I'll find it there

Or maybe meeting an astronaut,

I will pass through the Milky Way

I will marry an Argonaut.

At last I will tell you:

Run into the ozone hole

I am in dreams every day.

Perhaps, having flown out into a hole,

I will achieve happiness for a moment!

At last I will tell you..

Leading: The environmental scene will be shown by the Vobla team.

The Tale of the Turnip

Grandfather and Grandmother are sitting on chairs on the stage. Behind them, a squatting girl with a large pattern- Turnip.

storyteller(reads): Once upon a time there was an old man and an old woman. One day the old man decided to plant a turnip.

The old man pushes back his chair, and everyone sees the sitting Turnip.

Storyteller: And in order for the turnip to grow faster and be tastier, I decided to use the miraculous chemistry.

Grandfather comes out with a bag of mineral fertilizers.

Storyteller: He took the "magic powder" and began to sprinkle the turnip. I tried, and I overdid it.

Grandfather pours out the whole bag.

Storyteller: Then the grandfather decided how to water the turnip. He took the still "living water" from the Don and watered the turnip. The grandfather got tired and decided, in order not to go far, to water the turnip with “dead water” from Temernichka. The grandfather watered the turnip well, conscientiously. Has the turnip grown? big big.

The turnip gets up.

Storyteller: Grandpa calls grandma.

Grandfather: Look, grandmother, what a turnip has grown - beautiful, but blush! Gotta try it soon.

grandmother: Wait, grandfather, I heard that you first need to check the crop, but you really probably overdid it - you watered the turnip with both “living water” and “dead water”, but poured too many powders!

Grandfather: Yes, okay, grandma, you heard a lot of fears.

Grandfather bites off a “piece” of a turnip and falls, writhing on a chair, grandmother is crying ...

Storyteller: This is what an unreasonable and careless attitude towards nature and the sciences can lead to...

The team sings a song.

Lyrical - environmental

The harvest has grown

But what is the interest in it,

These vegetables are useless

Even the pig won't eat them.

Chorus:

The retort is spinning, spinning.

Formulas glow.

It's great then

When we open the bowels,

We will build chemical plants,

And the waste will only be water!

We argue a lot about water,

How to save it for everyone

We need to remember everything without words,

You can't even bake bread without it.

The air is cool, fresh,

But we dream horrible dream,

As from varnishes "Curl", "Charm",

Ozone in holes above the ground.

We want to say guys

There are many miracles in chemistry,

All her laws are holy,

She is not afraid of the devil and the devil.

Leading: And now the “Competition of team captains”.

Captains are offered test tasks.

1. What simple substance in some cases is the hardest, and in others - very soft?

b) hydrogen;

c) carbon,

d) oxygen.

Answer: carbon, which forms allotropic modifications - diamond and graphite.

2. What are the known two gases that are not poisonous, but inthey are dyinganimals?

a) CO2 and O2;

c) CO2 and K2;

Answer: CO2 and N2 are carbon dioxide and nitrogen.

The captains hand each other the Black Box.

"Black box" from the team "SOS»

Here is a substance that was first isolated from grape sugar by the chemist Joseph Louis Proust in 1802. The taste of this substance is as pleasant as the taste of victory. Answer: glucose.

"Black box" from the "Vobla" team

Here is what most peoples served as a symbol of constancy, indestructible friendship and hospitality. Answer: salt.

Leading: We ask the jury to evaluate the "Competition of captains" and sum up the results of the meeting.

The teams take the stage and read the farewell lines together:

Friends, our moment has come to say goodbye to you,

With a smile we will remember this hour,

The intensity of the struggle and joy in the world of knowledge,

Support for your dear eyes.

Our KVN is not over here,

We will be resourceful everywhere.

We became friends at KVN very

And together we will be in happiness and in trouble!

And for life on the planet - everyone is responsible!

Facts that make us think

1. Historical background:

The first law on environmental protection can be considered the edict of the English King Edward 1, adopted in 1273, which prohibited the use of coal for heating dwellings in London. Violation of the edict was punishable by death.

Under King Edward III, Parliament passed a law in 1336 prohibiting the dumping of rubbish into the Thames.

2. Up-to-date information:

1/3 of the surface of the world's oceans is covered with an oil film, plus industrial effluents and household waste.

changed dramatically chemical composition soil due to an excess of fertilizers, pesticides, various metals and their compounds, and the disposal of radioactive substances.

Industrial emissions of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide lead to air pollution.

In some areas of the planet, local climate changes are already occurring due to air pollution.

Photochemical smog is formed over cities, which includes carcinogenic organic substances that adversely affect the human body.

More than 600,000 tons of freon are released annually into the atmosphere, which leads to the destruction of the ozone layer, and this, in turn, delays UV rays and reduces the intensity of solar short-wave radiation.

Currently, 33% of salt, 60% of magnesium of world production is extracted from the world's oceans.

In the Middle Ages, people extracted from the earth's crust only 18 chemical elements, and at the end of the 20th century more than 80.

Some countries are already importing fresh water and there are even projects to pump water from Greenland to Europe, and from Antarctica to South America and Africa.

American scientists have calculated that millions of plastic bags, bottles and plastic products are floating in the North Pacific. The fact that these objects are found in the stomachs of marine animals has become commonplace.

The Cologne Cathedral, Athens, the Acropolis and other historical buildings have suffered more in the last decade than in all previous centuries!

Test " CARBOHYDRATES"

1 option

1. Carbohydrates include substances with the general formula

1) C x H y O z 2) C n (H 2 O) m 3) C n H 2n O 2 4) C n H 2n+2 O

2. Monosaccharides containing five carbon atoms are called

3. The most common hexose monosaccharide

1) glucose 2) fructose 3) ribose 4) sucrose

4. With the complete hydrolysis of polysaccharides, most often formed

1) fructose 2) glucose 3) ribose 4) galactose

5. The main function of glucose in animal and human cells

1) stock nutrients 3) transmission of hereditary information

2) building material 4) energy source

the name "grape sugar" is

7. In my own way chemical structure glucose is

8. With an ammonia solution of silver oxide, glucose reacts in the form

1) α -cyclic form 3)β -cyclic form

2) linear (aldehyde) form 4) mixturesα- and β -cyclic forms

9. A bright blue solution is formed when glucose reacts with

1) Ag 2 O / NH 3 2) Cu (OH) 2 3) H 2 / Ni 4) CH 3 COOH

10. Alcoholic fermentation of glucose produces

11. White amorphous powder, insoluble in cold water, in hot forms

colloidal solution (paste) is

12. In plant cells, starch performs the function

13. The content of amylopectin in starch is

1) 10-20% 2) 30-40% 3) 50-60% 4) 80-90%

14. The end product of starch hydrolysis is

1) maltose 2) fructose 3) glucose 4) galactose

15. With complete oxidation, 1 mol of starch is released C ABOUT 2 in quantity

1) 6 mol 2) 6 n mol 3) 12 mol 4) 12 n mol

16. The general formula of cellulose, with the release of free OH groups

1) [C 6 H 7 O 2 (OH) 3] n 2) [C 6 H 8 O 3 (OH) 2] n 3) [C 6 H 9 O 4 (OH)] n 4) [C 6 H 6 O(OH) 4 ] n

17. To distinguish glucose from fructose, use

1) H 2 /Ni 2) Ag 2 O/NH 3 3) C 2 H 5 OH/H + 4) CH 3 COOH

18. The product of glucose reduction with hydrogen on a nickel catalyst

is an

19. Determine substance B in the following transformation scheme:

Glucose A B C

1) sodium acetate 2) ethanal 3) ethyl acetate 4) ethylene

20. During lactic acid fermentation, 160 g of glucose received lactic acid with

with a yield of 85%, Determine the mass of lactic acid obtained

1) 116 g 2) 126 g 3) 136 g 4) 146 g

Test " CARBOHYDRATES"

Option 2

1. The carbohydrate is a substance

1) CH 2 O 2) C 2 H 4 O 2 3) C 5 H 10 O 5 4) C 6 H 6 O

2. Monosaccharides containing six carbon atoms are called

1) hexoses 2) pentoses 3) tetroses 4) trioses

3. To disaccharides not applicable

4. Does not apply to polysaccharides

1) starch 2) glycogen 3) cellulose 4) sucrose

5. RNA and DNA containing ribose and deoxyribose residues perform the function

6. Colorless crystalline substance, highly soluble in water,

the name "fruit sugar" is

1) sucrose 2) glucose 3) fructose 4) starch

7. Glucose isomer - fructose - is

1) acid 2) ester 3) aldehyde alcohol 4) keto alcohol

8. The product of glucose reduction with hydrogen on a nickel catalyst

is an

1) gluconic acid 2) sorbitol 3) lactic acid 4) fructose

9. The maximum number of molecules of acetic acid with which it can react

glucose in the formation of an ester, equal to

1) one 2) two 3) three 4) five

10. During lactic acid fermentation, glucose is formed

1) CH 3 COOH 2) C 2 H 5 OH 3) CH 3 CHOHCOOH 4) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 COOH

11. Solid fibrous substance, insoluble in water

1) cellulose 2) sucrose 3) starch 4) maltose

12. In plant cells, cellulose performs the function

1) transfer of hereditary information 3) construction and structural

2) a supply of nutrients 4) a catalyst for biological processes

13. Dissolves in hot water

1) amylose 2) amylopectin 3) starch 4) cellulose

14. The general formula of cellulose, with the release of free Oh -groups

1) [ C 6 H 7 O 2 (OH) 3 ] n 2) [ C 6 H 8 O 3 (OH) 2 ] n 3) [ C 6 H 9 O 4 (OH)] n 4) [ C 6 H 6 O(OH) 4 ] n

15. The explosive substance "pyroxylin" is

1) trinitrocellulose 2) di- and triacetylcellulose

3) mononitrocellulose 4) triacetyl starch

16. General formula of polysaccharides formed by glucose

1) (CH 2 O) n 2) (C 2 H 4 O 2) n 3) (C 6 H 10 O 5) n 4) (C 6 H 6 O) n

17. Milk sugar is a disaccharide

1) sucrose 2) maltose 3) lactose 4) galactose

18. The product of glucose oxidation with an ammonia solution of silver oxide is

1) gluconic acid 2) sorbitol 3) lactic acid 4) fructose

cellulose A B C

1) glucose 2) butadiene-1,3 3) ethylene 4) ethanol

20. When 126 g of glucose interacts with an excess of ammonia solution of oxide

silver, a metal precipitate weighing 113.4 g was obtained. Determine the yield of products

percentage reactions.

1) 80 2) 75 3) 70 4) 60

Test " CARBOHYDRATES"

3 option

According to the ability of carbohydrates to hydrolyze, it is not distinguished lie group

1) monosaccharides 2) disaccharides 3) trisaccharides 4) polysaccharides

2. Pentose, which is part of RNA, is called

3. Dietary sugar is a disaccharide

1) sucrose 2) maltose 3) lactose 4) galactose

4. The general formula of polysaccharides formed by glucose

1) (CH 2 O) n 2) (C 6 H 12 O 6) n 3) (C 6 H 10 O 5) n 4) (C 6 H 6 O) n

5. For plant cells, cellulose performs the function

1) supply of nutrients 3) transmission of hereditary information

2) building material 4) energy source

6. The end products of glucose oxidation in the human body are

1) CO 2 and H 2 O 2) CO 2 and H 2 3) CO 2 and H 2 O 2 4) CO and H 2 O

7. In solution, glucose exists in the form

1) one cyclicα -forms 3) two linear forms

2) two cyclic and one linear form 4) one linear form

8. The product of glucose oxidation with an ammonia solution of silver oxide is

1) gluconic acid 2) sorbitol 3) lactic acid 4) fructose

9. The formation of a bright blue solution as a result of the interaction of glucose with C u (IS HE) 2

is proof of the presence of glucose in the molecule

1) aldehyde group 3) keto group

2) two or more hydroxo groups 4) one hydroxo group

10. In diabetes, it is used as a sugar substitute.

11. The largest amount of starch (up to 80%) is contained

1) potatoes 2) wheat 3) rice 4) corn

12. Shorter starch macromolecules with a linear structure,

called

13. Starch is a macromolecule, the structural unit of which is residues

1) αβ -cyclic form of glucose

14. In each structural unit of the cellulose molecule, the number of free

hydroxo group is equal to:

1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4

15. During the synthesis of 0.5 mol of starch in the leaves of plants, oxygen is released into

quantity

1) 6 mol 2) 6 n mol 3) 3 mol 4) 3 n mol

16. Substance belongs to carbohydrates

1) CH 2 O 2) C 2 H 4 O 2 3) C 5 H 10 O 5 4) C 6 H 6 O

17. To distinguish starch from cellulose use

1) Ag 2 O / NH 3 2) I 2 solution 3) C u (OH) 2 4) HN0 3

18. Products of the interaction of glucose with copper hydroxide ( II ) when heated

are

1) sorbitol and Cu 2 O 3) lactic acid and Cu 2 O

2) gluconic acid and Cu 2 O 4) fructose and C u

19. Determine substance B in the following transformation scheme:

starch A B C

1) glucose 2) ethanol 3) ethanal 4) acetic acid

20. Glucose was oxidized with an ammonia solution of silver oxide, thus obtaining 32.4 g

draft. Determine the mass of hexahydric alcohol that can be obtained from the same

amount of glucose, if the yield of reaction products is quantitative.

1) 27.3 g 2) 29.3 g 3) 31.3 g 4) 33.3 g

Test " CARBOHYDRATES"

4 option

Carbohydrates that are not hydrolyzed are called

1) monosaccharides 2) disaccharides 3) trisaccharides 4) polysaccharides

2. Pentose, which is part of DNA, is called

1) glucose 2) fructose 3) ribose 4) deoxyribose

3. Malt sugar is a disaccharide

1) sucrose 2) maltose 3) lactose 4) galactose

4. Sweet taste is used as a benchmark for sweetness

1) fructose 2) glucose 3) sucrose 4) galactose

5. Starch, glycogen and sucrose perform the function

1) supply of nutrients 3) transmission of hereditary information

2) building material 4) energy source

6. The energy requirement of living organisms is largely

provided by oxidation

1) sucrose 2) glucose 3) fructose 4) ribose

7. Of the three forms of existence of glucose in solution, the maximum content (about

67%) falls on

1) β -cyclic form 3) linear (aldehyde) form

2) a -cyclic form 4) mixture of linear andα -cyclic forms

8. The products of the interaction of glucose with copper hydroxide ( II ) when heated

are

1) sorbitol and C u 2 O 3) lactic acid and C u 2 O

2) gluconic acid and Cu 2 O 4) fructose and C u

9. To distinguish glucose from fructose, use

1) H 2 / Ni 2) Ag 2 O / NH 3 3) C 2 H 5 OH / H + 4) CH 3 COOH

10. In the manufacture of mirrors and Christmas decorations, it is used

1) fructose 2) starch 3) glucose 4) sorbitol

11. The largest amount of cellulose (up to 95%) is found in fibers

1) wood 2) cotton 3) linen 4) hemp

12. A part of starch with a dissolved molecular structure is called

13. Cellulose is a macromolecule, the structural unit of which is residues

1) α -cyclic form of glucose 3)β -cyclic form of glucose

2) linear form of glucose 4) linear form of fructose

14. When an ester is formed with a cellulose molecule, the maximum

react

1) Z n C 2 H 5 OH 2) 3 n CH 3 COOH 3) 2 n C 2 H 5 OH 4) 2 n CH 3 COOH

15. Rayon is a recycled product

1) trinitrocellulose 3) mononitrocellulose

2) di- and triacetylcellulose 4) triacetyl starch

16. Carbohydrates include substances with the general formula

1) B C

1) sorbitol 2) ethanol 3) ethanal 4) acetic acid

20. The mass fraction of cellulose in wood is 50%. What mass of alcohol

be obtained by hydrolysis of 100 kg of sawdust and fermentation of the resulting glucose,

if the yield of ethanol during fermentation is 75%?

1) 15.3 kg 2) 17.3 kg 3) 19.3 kg 4) 21.3 kg

Answers

1 option

1) 2;

2) 2;

3) 1;

4) 2;

5) 4;

6) 2;

7) 3;

8) 2;

9) 2;

10) 2;

11) 3;

12) 2;

13) 4;

14) 3;

15) 2;

16) 1;

17) 2;

18) 2;

19) 1;

20) 3;

Option 2

1) 3;

2) 1;

3) 4;

4) 4;

5) 3;

6) 3;

7) 4;

8) 2;

9) 4;

10) 3;

11) 1;

12) 3;

13) 1;

14) 1;

15) 1;

16) 3;

17) 3;

18) 1;

19) 2;

20) 2;

3 option

1) 3;

2) 3;

3) 1;

4) 3;

5) 2;

6) 1;

7) 2;

8) 1;

9) 2;

10) 4;

11) 3;

12) 2;

13) 1;

14) 3;

15) 4;

16) 3;

17) 2;

18) 2;

19) 3;

20) 1;

4 option

1) 1;

2) 4;

3) 2;

4) 2;

5) 1;

6) 2;

7) 1;

8) 2;

9) 2;

10) 3;

11) 2;

12) 3;

13) 3;

14) 2;

15) 2;

16) 2;

17) 1;

18) 2;

Getting closer New Year and we begin to be interested in its history. Quite often, the question may come to mind - where did the Christmas decorations come from? Why do they look like this? In fact, there can be many such questions. In this article, we will go back a little in history and learn more about Christmas tree decorations.

In times when there were still Celts, it was customary to worship natural forces. As you might have guessed, they believed that the earth was inhabited by a huge number of intelligent beings. To get their favor, they had to make sacrifices. They believed that even spirits live in the branches of the apple tree. The apple tree was a sacred tree. So they dressed up the apple tree in order to appease the spirits. It is from this custom that it became fashionable in Europe to decorate a Christmas tree.

The first Christmas decorations were exclusively edible. It could be candies or other goodies that could decorate the Christmas tree and give a sense of celebration. It is important that each such decoration meant something. Yes, and they hung out randomly. The next stage in the development of Christmas toys was that they began to be covered with paint. Apples were the first to be painted. Why exactly them? Apparently all because of the same Celtic custom. Previously, they believed that by dressing up the Christmas tree, in this way, it would work like a talisman and throughout the coming year it would drive away evil spirits. We can safely say that apples have become the very first Christmas tree decoration.

Over time, master glaziers began to blow balls out of glass. Such balls originally also looked like an apple. Later they began to make free-form toys. Christmas decorations have become very popular in Germany. There, glass toys were very expensive and many people simply could not afford them. But they found a way out and started making Christmas decorations with their own hands. So it has become for many a fascinating pastime and at the same time work.

The most common type of Christmas decorations was the bell. Its appearance is also due to customs. He was a powerful guardian. A little later, the Christmas tree was also decorated with flowers. Toys symbolizing Jesus Christ have also become popular. It can be concluded that now the process of decorating has lost all its former meaning. Now it doesn’t matter where we hang which toy, and even more so, we don’t even know what it symbolizes. We do this solely for beauty and creating a festive atmosphere.

Today, toys look almost unchanged. Only the material has changed. Now they are almost all, with a few exceptions, made of plastic. On the one hand, this is even good - they have become cheaper and stronger. The assortment today is simply huge and it will not be difficult for anyone to pick up something original and different from what your friends have. Every year, the number of varieties of Christmas decorations grows significantly. Here is such a story about Christmas decorations.

Leading: Hello dear friends! We begin our meeting of the Club of Cheerful and Resourceful. Today we will witness battles between the Vobla and SOS teams.

Teams enter the hall to the music and applause of the fans.

Leading: A respected jury will help us resolve disputes and evaluate upcoming competitions: the principal of the school, the head teacher, teachers of chemistry, physics, literature, and two students.

So, the first round of our meeting! The gong sounds!

Contest "Cheers"

I ask the team captains to come to the jury table for the draw.

The captains choose tickets from #1 and #2.

Team greeting "sos»

Compete with you

We are humor, and laughter, and deeds.

We welcome you, friends!

You can't live without humor and laughter!

The purpose of our meeting is a joke and communication,

An exchange of fun, a look, an opinion.

We are happy to win and lose.

Let's cross in the game like swords, looks!

Greetings from the Vobla team

How many erudite people are here,

Nowhere for an apple to fall.

It will be hard for us to win

Let's not hit the face in the dirt.

Team's message "SOS» to fans

How many good girls

Gathered around here now

But one thought worries me:

Will they support SOS, my friend?

In the game we will not rest,

And you have to be strong in spirit.

Love cheerleaders restless

Help to survive, win!

Leading: We ask the jury to sum up the results of the first round of the "Greetings" competition.

The results are announced and posted on the scoreboard.

Leading: We begin the second competition: "Decipher the name of the team." The word is given to the Vobla team.

We took "Vobla" in the literal sense,

And not in any dissent,

And we dedicate an ode to this fish,

For us, and for you, and for everyone.

Ode to Woble

In those old, distant years

You were the prom queen.

Now you've become an exhibit

You go into oblivion forever.

You were eaten often, a lot, tasty,

With potatoes, with beer, with cabbage,

Saved the common people from hunger,

And now you are almost gone.

So as not to show you in museums,

Like dinosaurs, extinct animals,

For the joy of human existence.

And wobble we all shouted "SOS",

And we really love her.

Save the Remaining - Creation

Mother Nature,

So that she does not go into legends,

She was an idol for people!

And it's good that we called

Team "Vobloy" dear,

Solemnly recognized

Live, real, not a dream.

Leading: The word is given to the "SOS" command.

"SOS" - short - save souls,

Nature has been crying out to everyone for a long time.

Close your eyes, close your ears

And to survive is not meant to be...

Let's sound the alarm together

Because everything is in the answer

How can we live in the new century?

Leading: We begin the third round of our competition "Warm-up".

Competition conditions: each team prepared three questions with their answers and asks them in turn to each other. Thinking time 30 seconds. The jury evaluates the speed, correctness and originality of the answers.

Options for questions and answers for students in grade 10

1. What substance is extinguished with water, although it does not burn? - Calcium oxide (CaO) - quicklime.

2. What acid is always found in the human stomach, and when it is deficient, is it drunk as a medicine? - Hydrochloric acid (HCL).

3. What royal drink did not a single king drink? Name its composition. - Royal vodka. It is a mixture of concentrated nitric and hydrochloric acids in a ratio of 1:3.

4. What effect does chloroform have on the human body? - According to the nature of the action, chloroform is a drug. It causes dermatitis, eczema, gastrointestinal disorders. A slight poisoning is accompanied by vomiting, pain in the stomach.

5. Why do smart housewives put a few ripe apples to them when storing potatoes in the basement? - Ripe fruits of apples emit ethylene gas, which causes inhibition of growth processes. Potato tubers last longer and do not germinate.

6. Why can't you make "houses" for birds out of plastic? - Unlike wood, plastic is not able to absorb moisture and release it to the outside, so the water vapor released during breathing accumulates, forming high humidity, which is detrimental to birds.

7. What is the source of anthropogenic methane? What effect does it have on the Earth's atmosphere? - Such sources are rice fields, livestock farms, coal mines and garbage dumps. Anthropogenic methane, absorbing infrared radiation of the earth's surface, enhances the greenhouse effect.

8. Which combustion products are emitted by coal-fired thermal power plants? How do they affect the atmosphere? - Combustion products are CO2, CO, 5O2, ash, etc., they enhance the greenhouse effect.

Questions and answersFor 11th grade students

1. What kind of flour is inedible? - Inedible flour, but giving bread, these are mineral fertilizers. This is bone, phosphorite, apathetic flour.

2. What is the relationship between beets and cake? - Both products contain sugar.

3. What kind of sugar is not eaten? - Lead sugar, i.e. lead acetate, tastes sweet, but it is poisonous.

4. What oil is called Provence and why? - The best grade of olive oil (transparent, fragrant, solidifying at -60°C, Provencal oil is named after the province of Provence in southern France).

5. Why are concrete trenches being destroyed, through which waste from fat-packing plants is drained? - The effluent of fat-combining plants always contains fatty acids, which form calcium soap with cement lime, as a result of which the cement is destroyed and the bond between concrete grains is broken.