How to understand which sentence is complex or complex. Complex and complex sentences

Complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses there are two main types: 1) all subordinate clauses are attached directly to the main clause; 2) the first clause is attached to the main clause, the second - to the first clause, etc.

I. Clauses that are attached directly to the main clause can be homogeneous And heterogeneous.

1. Homogeneous adventitious, like homogeneous members, have the same meaning, answer the same question and depend on one word in the main clause. Between themselves, homogeneous subordinate clauses can be connected by coordinating unions or union-free (only with the help of intonation). For example:

1) [But sad to think], (which is in vain was US youth is given), (what changed her all the time), (that deceived US she)... (A. Pushkin)- [verb], (conjunction what),(union what),(union what)...

2) [Dersu said], (what it's not clouds, it's fog) and what tomorrow it will be a sunny day and even hot) (V. Arseniev).[vb], (what) and (what).

The connection of homogeneous clauses with the main clause is called uniform subordination.

It should be borne in mind that with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses, it is possible to skip the union or allied in the second (third) clause, for example:

(Where is the cheerful sickle walked) And ( fell ear), [now everything is empty] (F. Tyutchev).(where) and ("), ["].

2. Heterogeneous clauses have different meaning, answer different questions or depend on different words in a sentence. For example:

(If I have one hundred lives), [ they would not satisfy all the thirst for knowledge], ( which burns me) (V. Bryusov)- (conjunction if),[n.], (s. word which).

The connection of heterogeneous clauses with the main clause is called parallel submission.

II. The second type of complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses includes those in which the clauses form a chain: the first clause refers to the main clause (subordinate clause of the 1st degree), the second clause refers to the clause of the 1st degree (subordinate clause of the 2nd degree) etc. For example:

[She was horrified"], (when found out), (that the letter was father) (F. Dostoevsky)- , (from. when verb), (p. what).

Such a connection is called consistent submission.

With sequential subordination, one subordinate clause can be inside another; in this case, two subordinating unions may be nearby: what And just in case And when what And because etc. (for punctuation marks at the junction of conjunctions, see the section “Punctuation marks in a complex sentence with two or more subordinate clauses”). For example:

[The water collapsed so scary], (what, (when the soldiers fled below), after them already flew raging streams) (M. Bulgakov).

[uk.sl. so + adv.], (what, (when),").

In complex sentences with three or more subordinate clauses, there may be more complex combinations of subordinate clauses, for example:

(Who in young age not tied yourself with strong ties with an external and beautiful cause, or at least with simple, but honest and useful work), [ he can count his youth without a trace lost], (as if fun she neither passed) and how much would happy memories she neither left).

(who), [pronoun.], (however), (however). (A complex sentence with three subordinate clauses, with parallel and homogeneous subordination).

Syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses

Scheme for parsing a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).

2. Indicate the type of sentence by emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).

3. Determine the main and subordinate clauses, find their boundaries.

4. Draw up a sentence diagram: ask (if possible) questions from the main to the subordinate clauses, indicate in the main word on which the subordinate clause depends (if it is conditional), characterize the means of communication (unions or allied words), determine the types of clauses (definitive, explanatory and etc.).

5. Determine the type of subordination of subordinate clauses (homogeneous, parallel, sequential).

An example of parsing a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses

1) [Look up at the pale green, star-studded sky, (on which there is neither a cloud nor a spot), and understand], (why is the summer warm air immovable), (why nature is on guard) (A. Chekhov).

[n., (vill. on which), vb.], (vill. why),(vill. why).
will determine. explain. explain.

Narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, complex with three subordinate clauses, with parallel and homogeneous subordination: 1st subordinate clause - attributive clause (the clause depends on the noun sky, answers the question which?, on which); 2nd and 3rd subordinate clauses - subordinate explanatory clauses (depend on the verb understand answer the question what?, join with an allied word why).

2) [Any man knows], (that he have to do not that, ( what separates him with people), otherwise), ( what connects him with them) (L. Tolstoy).

[vb], (conjunction what local, (s.el. what), places.), (s.el.chto).

explain. place-determined place-determined

Narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, complex with three subordinate clauses, with serial and parallel subordination: 1st subordinate clause - subordinate explanatory clause (depends on the verb knows answers the question what?, joins union what), 2nd and 3rd clauses - pronoun-defining clauses (each of them depends on the pronoun then, answers the question what (that)?, joins with an allied word what).

.one. Associative compound sentence

Associative compound sentence - this is a complex sentence in which simple sentences are combined into one whole in meaning and intonation, without the help of unions or allied words: [Habit over us given]: [replacement happiness she](A. Pushkin).

The semantic relations between simple sentences in allied and are expressed in different ways. In allied sentences, unions take part in their expression, therefore the semantic relations here are more definite and clear. For example, union so expresses the consequence because- the reason if- condition, but- opposition, etc.

The semantic relations between simple sentences are less clearly expressed than in the union. In terms of semantic relationships, and often in terms of intonation, some are closer to complex ones, others to complex ones. However, often the same non-union compound sentence in meaning, it can be brought closer to both a complex and a complex sentence. Wed, for example: Searchlights lit up- it became light around; Searchlights were lit, and it became light around; When the spotlights came on, it became light all around.

Meaningful relationships in non-union complex sentences depend on the content of the simple sentences included in them and are expressed in oral speech by intonation, and in writing by various punctuation marks (see the section “Punctuation marks in unionless complex sentence »).

IN non-union complex sentences The following types of semantic relations between simple sentences (parts) are possible:

I. enumeration(lists some facts, events, phenomena):

[I_ have not seen you for a whole week], [I didn't hear you for a long time] (A. Chekhov) -, .

Such non-union complex sentences approach compound sentences with a connecting union And.

Like their synonymous compound sentences, non-union complex sentences can express the value 1) simultaneity enumerated events and 2) their sequences.

1) \ Bemep howl plaintively and quietly], [in the darkness neighing horses], [from the tabor floated tender and passionate song- thought] (M. Gorky) -,,.

stirred ], [fluttered half asleep birdie] (V. Garshin)- ,.

Associative compound sentences with enumerative relations may consist of two sentences, or may include three or more simple sentences.

II. Causal(the second sentence reveals the reason for what the first says):

[I unhappy]: [everyday guests] (A. Chekhov). Such non-union complex sentences synonymous with complex subordinate causes.

III. Explanatory(the second sentence explains the first one):

1) [Items were lost form]: [ everything merged first into gray, then into a dark mass] (I. Goncharov)-

2) [Like all Moscow, your father is like that]: [would like he is a son-in-law with stars and ranks] (A. Griboyedov)-

Such non-union sentences are synonymous with sentences with an explanatory conjunction. namely.

IV. Explanatory(the second sentence explains the word in the first part that has the meaning of speech, thought, feeling or perception, or the word that indicates these processes: listened, looked, looked back etc.; in the second case, we can talk about the omission of words like see, hear etc.):

1) [Nastya during the story remembered]: [she has from yesterday remained whole intact cast iron boiled potatoes] (M. Prishvin)- :.

2) [I came to my senses, Tatyana looks]: [bear No]... (A. Pushkin)- :.

Such non-union sentences are synonymous with complex sentences with explanatory clauses. (remembered that ...; looks (and sees that) ...).

V. Comparative-adversative relations (the content of the second sentence is compared with the content of the first or opposed to it):

1) [Everything happy family looks like and each other], [each unhappy family unhappy but in its own way] (L. Tolstoy)- ,.

2) [Chin followed to him]- [he service suddenly left] (A. Griboyedov)- - .

Such non-union complex sentences synonymous with compound sentences with adversative conjunctions ah, but.

VI. Conditionally temporary(the first sentence indicates the time or condition for the implementation of what is said in the second):

1) [Do you like to ride] - [love and sleigh carry] (proverb)- - .

2) [see you with Gorky]- [talk with him] (A. Chekhov)--.

Such sentences are synonymous with complex sentences with subordinate conditions or tense.

VII. Consequences(the second sentence names the consequence of what the first says):

[Small the rain sows since morning]- [it's impossible to get out] (I. Turgenev)- ^TT

According to the number of grammatical bases, sentences are divided into simple And complex. Compound sentences consist of two or more parts (simple sentences) combined intonationally, in meaning and grammatically:

Hewn drogs sang, plains and bushes run.

By the nature of the means of communication of the parts, complex sentences are divided into allied and non-union. In allied sentences, parts are connected by unions or allied words, and in non-union sentences - by intonation. Allied proposals are divided into compound and complex ones.

In this article, we will consider compound sentences. We will pay special attention to punctuation in compound sentences, and also learn how to find a compound sentence in the text.

Compound sentences

Compound sentences(SSP) are such complex sentences, parts of which are connected by coordinating unions:

I ordered to go to the commandant, and after a couple of minutes the wagon stopped in front of a small house built on a high hill, near a wooden church.

The parts of a compound sentence are independent of each other: there are no main and subordinate clauses, and you cannot ask a question from one part to another.

Parts of the SSP can be connected by the following unions (coordinating unions):

1) connecting and, yes (=and), neither ... nor, also, also : The telegraph wire hummed faintly, and here and there hawks rested;

2) adversative but, but, yes (= but), however, but, but, otherwise, not that : The game and dinner were already over, but the guests had not yet left.

3) separating or, either, whether ... whether, then ... that, not that ... not that, either ... either, or ... or: Now everything in it breathes truth, now everything in it is feigned and false;

4) connecting yes, yes and, and also, yes, but, also in an attached meaning in combination with adverbs more, because , prepositions moreover, besides and particles here, even : The door was closed, there was no one in the house, and was it worth waiting for another?

5) gradation: not only .. but also, not so much .. how much, not that .. but, although ... but : It's not that he didn't try to be on time, but it was just hard for him to meet the deadline.

SSP should be distinguished from a simple sentence complicated by homogeneous members: Go in for sports and you will always be healthy - this is the SSP, since two verbs in different forms (in different moods) cannot be homogeneous members; The TV was sent to the workshop, and there it was repaired - SSP, because. refers to different actors.

Punctuation marks in a compound sentence

, from. .

A comma is placed between parts of the SSP: Stand in his place, and you will understand the motive of his actions.

- from. .

A dash is put instead of a comma in case of unexpected attachment, sharp opposition or emphasis on causal relationships between parts of the BSC: One jump - and his light silhouette is already visible on the roof.

; from. .

A semicolon is used if the sentences are widely distributed and there is no close relationship between them:

Tatyana, on the advice of the nanny

Gathering to tell fortunes at night,

Quietly ordered in the bath

Set the table for two appliances;

But Tatyana suddenly became afraid.(A.S.P.)

A comma between the SSP is not put only in exceptional cases, when the parts are connected by a single union AND, OR, OR, YES (= AND) and parts of the SSP:

[gen. ] And .

[gen. ] And .

have a common secondary member of the sentence (addition or circumstance): Heavy trucks were moving along the streets and cars were racing.

and , (gen.).

have a common subordinate clause: When spring comes, the days become longer and all living things bloom.

Common [ +++, ] and .

have a common introductory word or sentence: Perhaps the forms have already been tested and there are already results.

[ Only ] and .

[ Only ] and .

have a common particle ONLY, ONLY, etc.: Only a blizzard makes noise and birches sway.

[ Name ] and [ nam. ],

are nominal sentences: Golden domes and bells.

And ?

are interrogative: What time is it now and how soon will we arrive at the place?

And !

are exclamatory: How wonderfully he speaks, and how sincere his words!

[ Wake up ] and [ prompt. ].

are motivating: May there be peace and people be happy.

[Anonymous. ] and [ impersonal ].

are impersonal sentences with the same form of the predicate or synonyms in the composition of the predicate: Wet and damp.

How to find a compound sentence in a text?

We can find a compound sentence by three signs:

1) First, we are looking for a complex sentence (with two or more grammatical bases);

2) Secondly, in a specific complex sentence, we determine which union (coordinating or subordinating) its parts are connected with;

3) Thirdly, we find out whether it is possible to ask a question from one part to another.

For example:

The battalion commander stood up in the sun, and a thousand lights shone on the golden carving of his saber.

1) There are 2 grammatical bases in this sentence ( battalion commander got up - a thousand lights shone);

2) The parts are connected by a coordinating union AND

3) Parts of the sentence are equal, you can not ask a question.

Conclusion: we have a compound sentence.

complex called sentence, parts of which are grammatically unequal and connected by subordinating conjunctions or allied words.

Part complex sentence, subordinating the subordinate clause, is called main proposal . The part of a complex sentence that is syntactically dependent on another is called subordinate clause . The main and subordinate clauses are interconnected: they are united by meaning and construction.

Complex sentences include a main clause and one or more subordinate clauses. The subordinate clauses obey the main clause and answer the questions of the members of the sentence.

The subordinate clause can be placed after the main, in the middle of it, or before it.

For example: You only need to read the books which teach to understand the meaning of life, the desires of people and the motives of their actions. (M. Gorky.) The branches of the trees seemed shaggy and, when the wind came up, slightly noisy with the first green noise. (G. Skrebnitsky.) If language weren't poetic n, there would be no art of the word - poetry. (S. Marshak.)

The place of the subordinate clause in relation to the main clause can be depicted graphically:

[=], (which =).

[-= and, (when --), =].

(If - =), [=]

Subordinate clauses are separated from the main clause by commas. If the subordinate clause is in the middle of the main clause, it is separated by commas on both sides.

If there are several subordinate clauses in a complex sentence, then they can explain not only the main sentence, but also each other.

For example: 1) When I have a new book in my hands, I feel, that something living, speaking, wonderful has entered my life.(M. Gorky.) 2) Painting is also important because that the artist often notices what we do not see at all.(K. Paustovsky.)

In the first complex sentence, the main clause is explained by two subordinate clauses. In the second complex sentence, the main clause is Painting is also important; first adjective - that the artist often notices - explains the main thing, and itself is explained by the second subordinate clause - what we don't see .

Subordinating conjunctions and allied words in complex sentences

Subordinate clauses are attached to the main (or other subordinate clause) by subordinating conjunctions (simple and compound) or allied words (relative pronouns), which are presented in the table:

Subordinating conjunctions are not members of the subordinate clause, but serve only to attach clauses to the main or another clause.

For example: It is bitter to think that life will pass without grief and without happiness, in the hustle and bustle of daily worries.(I. Bunin.)

Allied words not only attach subordinate clauses to the main (or other subordinate clause), but are also members of the subordinate clauses.

For example: In autumn, birds fly away to places where it is always warm. I don't know why he did it.

In these sentences, allied words where And why are circumstances.

The union word requires a special comment which the. It can act as different members of the sentence: subject, predicate, inconsistent definition, circumstance and addition. To determine the syntactic function of an allied word which the, you need to find out which word of the main clause it replaces, substitute it for the allied word and determine which member of the subordinate clause it is.

For example: Village, which located on the banks of the river, very beautiful. In this sentence, the allied word that refers to the noun village. If we substitute the word village in the subordinate clause, we get: Village located on the coast. In this sentence, the word village performs the function of the subject, therefore, in the subordinate part of the original sentence, the allied word which is also subject.

Compare: The lake we approached turned out to be clean and deep. - I met a man whom I had not seen for a long time.

Some of the allied words turn out to be homonymous with unions, that is, in some cases they act as unions, and in others - as allied words.

To distinguish a union from an allied word, one must remember:

1) in some cases, the union can be omitted, but the allied word is not:

For example: Tanya says that the grass grows at night. (V. Belov.) - Tanya says: “The grass grows at night”;

2) the union can only be replaced by another union.

For example: When (- if) work is pleasure, life is good.(M. Gorky.)

3) A union word can only be replaced by a union word or those words from the main sentence to which the subordinate clause belongs,

For example: Remember the songs that the nightingale sang.(I. Bunin.)

Word what is an allied word, since it cannot be omitted, but can be replaced by an allied word which ( Remember the songs that the nightingale sang) and the word of the song ( Remember the songs: these songs were sung by the nightingale).

The ability to distinguish between unions and allied words is necessary for the correct intonation of a sentence, since often allied words are the semantic center, they are highlighted by logical stress.

What how And when can be both unions and allied words

To distinguish between these allied words and conjunctions, it should be remembered that:

1) on allied words what And how logical stress usually falls;

2) one can pose a semantic question to them and determine which member of the sentence they are;

3) they cannot be removed from the sentence without violating the meaning, but they can be replaced by synonymous allied words.

Compare: I knew our house was in need of repair. - I knew our house was in need of repair.

House, what on the contrary, it needs renovation. The house opposite is in need of repair.

When distinguishing between an allied word and a union when should be based on the meaning of subordinate parts. In relative clauses and often in clauses of explanatory clauses when is a union word, in all other cases when- union:

For example: I remember well the day we met. No one knew when he appeared in our city. When the blizzard is over, you can go for a walk.

The role of demonstrative words in the subordination of sentences

In the main part of a complex sentence, demonstrative words can sometimes be used that, such, all, everyone, no one, there, then and etc.

The role of demonstrative words in the organization of a complex sentence is not the same.

Firstly , they may be constructively necessary (a sentence with a given clause cannot be constructed without them).

For example: I am the one no one loves. The inclusion of correlative words necessary for the structure of the sentence is mandatory for the block diagram of such NGN:

Secondly , correlative words can be optional, their role in the sentence in this case is intensifying-excretory (correlative words can be omitted without loss of meaning):

He remembered the man which the was visiting Petrov.

Demonstrative words are members of the main clause.

Features of attaching subordinate clauses to the main

The subordinate clause is joined by conjunctions and allied words to the entire main clause, but in terms of meaning, the subordinate clause explains:

- one word (one member of the main sentence);

For example: The village where Eugene missed was a lovely corner. (A. Pushkin.) I guessed long ago that we are kindred in the heart. (A. Fet.) Having loaded the rifle, Andrei again rose above the pile of stones, thinking where to shoot. (M. Bubennov.);

- phrase;

For example: She stood fabulous silence that comes with frost. (P. Pavlenko.) And for a long time I will be so kind I to the people that I awakened good feelings with a lyre ... (A. Pushkin.) These snows burned with a ruddy sheen so fun so bright that, it seems, would have stayed here forever. (M. Lermontov.);

- the whole main sentence: The house stood on a slope so the windows to the garden were very low from the ground. (S. Aksakov.) The darker the night became, the brighter the sky flared up. (K. Paustovsky.)

What is a complex sentence? Every student asked this question. How easy is it to determine which sentence is in front of you: simple or complex? It's pretty easy, the main thing is to know a few tricky features.

What is a complex sentence: definition, types and examples

A complex sentence is a sentence that has more than one stem in its composition, they are interconnected by subordinating conjunctions. Also, parts of such a sentence can be combined. It should be noted that along with complex sentences, there are also compound sentences in which the parts are connected by the unions “and”, “but”, “a”, in some cases there is a union “yes”. So, before determining which sentence is in front of you, you need to note the grammatical foundations, if there are two or more of them, then you need to ask a question from one of them. The part from which the question is asked is called the main part, and to which the question is asked is called the subordinate.

A complex sentence, examples of which will be given below, may include several types of connection of parts, for example, parallel, serial. In parallel, the question is asked from the main part to the rest, in sequential - from each to the next. This suggests that in a complex sentence, dependent parts are always unequal.

What is a complex sentence? Now there is an answer to this question: this is a sentence with unequal dependent parts that are connected by a subordinating union. Now we need to move on to classification. are attributive, circumstantial, which, in turn, have about 7 more subspecies, as well as explanatory. The first type is the type of sentence, when the dependent part answers the questions of adjectives, that is, it creates an emotional coloring of the sentence. For example: "The garden, because of which the house was not visible, was a famous place in the city." explanatory answers the questions of all cases, except for the nominative. This can easily be confused with the attributive, so it is very important to ask the right question. For example: "Nikita was thinking about the same things his sister had said before."

The largest group is complex sentences with adverbial clauses, there are about 7 additional subclauses: clauses, causes, goals, conditions, places, consequences, and others. It is quite easy to distinguish them: all questions that can be asked to adverbs will be asked in this case. Therefore, it is usually simple and easy to define a part.

What is The answer to this question can be found in the article. In addition to the definition, the article presents all classifications of types of subordination, as well as types of subordinate parts. With this information, you can safely go to a single State exam, because some of the questions aimed at an advanced level are connected precisely with the task-determining the type or type of subordination of parts in the sentence.

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Today we will look at the issue of determining complex and complex sentences in German, we will analyze the rules for their formation and examples illustrating them.

Complex sentences (prepositions) in German and Russian are connected by a number of analogies and therefore, in general, are not particularly difficult to understand.

Suggestion of this type (das Satzgefüge) are a grammatical structure, which includes the main preposition. (der Hauptsatz) and, as a rule, one or - more rarely - several subordinate clauses (adj.) (der Nebensatz).

Main suggestion. always has an independent, independent character, while adv. always subordinate to the master. This subordinating relationship can be expressed either by subordinating conjunctions connecting the main clauses. with subordinate or allied words - relative pronouns and adverbs.

If unions perform exclusively service (connective) functions, then adverbs and pronouns, in addition to providing a connection between adj. and main sentences, at the same time they are also members of these adj. offers.

For example:

• Katharina war begeistert, dass sie so schnell alles besorgt hat. Katarina was delighted that she acquired everything so quickly. (Here the conjunction dass has a purely conjunctive function.)
• Klaus wollte wissen, wer sein Boot gestohlen hat. Klaus wanted to know who stole his boat. (Here the allied word wer - who acts as the subject of the subordinate clause and connects the main clause with the adjective).
• Otto wusste genau, wann seine Verwandten ankommen. Otto knew exactly when his relatives would arrive. (Here, the relative pronoun wann - a union word - acts as a circumstance in the adjective and at the same time combines both sentences into a single whole).

Adj. suggestion can determine or supplement one of the members of the main clause. or the whole main sentence as a whole.

For example:

• Es ist noch nicht endgültig entschieden, wann wir umziehen.- It has not yet been finally decided (what?) when we move (additional adj.).
• Aus den alten Flaschen, die üblicherweise weggeschmissen werden, hat er eine schöne Figur gebastelt.- From old bottles (what?), which are usually thrown away, he made a beautiful figure (adjective attributive to the noun Flaschen).

Main suggestions are independent independent prepositions. with a characteristic of the usual simple preposition. word order - direct (with the subject in the first place) or reverse (with the subject after the predicate and the addition or circumstance in the first place).

In adj. suggestion word order has a number of distinctive features: the first place in the subordinate clause is occupied by allied words or conjunctions, and the last place remains with the predicate.

Moreover, in cases with compound predicates, the penultimate place is occupied by the nominal part or the invariable verbal part, and the last by the auxiliary verb in the personal form, for example:

• Helga erzählte den Touristen, was sie in erster Line besichtigen werden. Helga told the tourists what they would visit first. (Here the first sentence is the main thing with a direct word order; the second is an additional adjective, attached to the main one with the help of the allied word was, which takes the first place in this subordinate clause and is an addition. The predicate in the adjective goes to the very end, and its invariable part occupies the penultimate part, and the variable part occupies the last place).
• Horst bestätigte, dass er diesen Abend zu Hause verbracht hat. Horst confirmed that he spent the evening at home. (In this example, the situation is similar to the previous case considered, with the only difference that the parts of the complex sentence are connected by the subordinating conjunction dass, which performs a purely auxiliary function and does not act as a member of the sentence).

If in adj. suggestion appears a verb with a separable prefix, then the separation of this prefix from the verb does not occur, for example:

• Der Projektleiter hat erklärt, dass die weiteren Sozialanlagen direkt auf der Baustelle zusammengebaut werden. - The project manager said that the subsequent change houses will be assembled directly at the construction site.

Note! From the examples above, it can be seen that allied words (or unions) form in the adj. suggestion a special frame structure within which all the other members of this proposal are located.

In cases where the allied words perform the functions of the subject in the subordinate clause, the subject is followed by all other members of the subordinate clause. in the usual adj. suggestion (see above) order, forming a frame structure. If the allied word is an object, then after it, as a rule, follows the subject adj. suggestions.

For example:

• Die Tomaten, die in diesem Jahr so ​​schlecht wachsen, hat seine Mutter gepflanzt. - Tomatoes (what?), which grow so poorly this year, were planted by his mother (the allied word die acts as a subject in this subordinate clause).
• Die Tomaten, die seine Mutter in diem Jahr gepflanzt hat, wachsen sehr langsam. The tomatoes that his mother planted this year grow very slowly. (Die Tomaten - the subject of the main clause, the definition of which is the definitive adjective, form the first place in the main clause; wachsen - the simple verbal predicate of the main clause - takes the second place in the main clause.

Note! Word order in italic adj. definitive - a characteristic frame construction with the allied word die in the role of an object in the first place, the subject following it, the adverb of time and a simple verbal predicate at the end of the frame).

Another feature of complex subordinate sentences. is the frequent presence of the so-called correlate in the main clause, which correlates with the conjunction of the dependent clause. Correlates are a definite indication that what follows is adj. preposition, and strengthen its connection with the main.

For example:

• Sein Arzt fragte ihn danach, ob er irgendwelche Schmerzen im Rücken hatte. His doctor asked him if he had any back pain.
• Dein Bruder kann erst dann angestellt werden, wenn er mit seiner wissenschaftlichen Arbeit fertig ist. “Your brother can only be accepted into the staff when he completes his scientific work.

The purpose of this article was not to consider all the numerous types of German complex sentences

Here it was important to consider general information about the prev. of this type and their main features: the non-independent nature of the subordinate clauses, the presence of characteristic frame structures with their inherent peculiar word order, as well as the functions and role in adj. suggestion conjunctions and allied words.