According to gynecology, leukocytes are increased. The analysis showed - increased leukocytes in the smear

At each scheduled appointment with a gynecologist, a smear for the flora is taken. AT women's consultations it is done for free, and in private clinics it is inexpensive. This analysis is also taken when the patient contacts with complaints, as well as to monitor the effectiveness of treatment.

The gynecologist does this on a chair when examined with a mirror. The analysis should be done before two-handed examination, staining with iodine solution, colposcopy and other manipulations. The result depends on how the analysis is taken. The selection is taken with a spatula or brush and distributed over the glass. Then it is sent to the laboratory. If the glass is smeared too thickly, the result will be incorrect.

One of the most important indicators of this analysis are leukocytes in a smear, which indicate the presence of inflammation. Normally, there should be no more than 15 of them. However, having received an analysis with an increased number of leukocytes, and without any complaints, a woman should not be upset, but it is better to retake it. Ideally, this should be done by another doctor. Perhaps the second stroke will be good.

A competent doctor looks not only at leukocytes in a smear, but also at other indicators. If there is inflammation, then there are few or no rods, but there are a lot of cocci.

Moreover, it is also important appearance mucous membranes of the vulva, cervix, vagina, as well as the nature of the discharge from the genital tract. An experienced doctor, just by their smell and appearance, can suspect inflammation. Important complaints of the patient before and during the examination.

The results of a cytology test, which is usually taken along with a flora smear, will also be useful. It will detect. In addition, the flora analysis itself can reveal such causative agents of inflammation as trichomanads, gonococci, fungi.

So, leukocytes in a smear cause:

• STDs;
• colpitis;
• cervicitis;
• urethritis;
• endometritis;
• adnexitis;
• oncology of the genital organs;
• dysbacteriosis of the vagina or intestines.

A persistent increase in leukocytes in the analysis or the presence of other signs of inflammation requires additional studies. Be sure to carry out sowing on the microflora with an antibiogram. It allows you to identify pathogens such as staphylococci, streptococci, determine their number and select the drug to which they are sensitive.

Undoubtedly- pathogenic microorganisms, such as gonnococi, chlamydia, trichomanas are best looked for using DNA diagnostics. It must also be used to detect herpes, cytomegalovirus, HPV.

On mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas, it is better to do sowing with an antibioticogram. Since they can be in a woman and not cause inflammation.

Therefore, if leukocytes are found in a smear, it is impossible to prescribe treatment immediately. You must first find out what caused the inflammation.

Moreover, the leukocytes in the smear also indicate how acute the process is. The more of them, the stronger the inflammation. The number of leukocytes can reach 100 per field of view.

However, there are situations when tests for infections do not detect anything, or treatment is carried out, control tests show the norm, and the leukocytes in the smear are still at a high level. Doctors believe that in this case, the point is that there is a violation of the ratio between microorganisms.

Thus, leukocytes in a smear above the norm are most often a sign of inflammation in the genitals. However, sometimes this can be the result of a doctor or laboratory error. To prescribe treatment, it is necessary to identify the causative agent of inflammation with the help of additional studies. Persistently increased amount leukocytes in the absence of the pathogen indicates dysbacteriosis of the vagina and intestines. In this situation, it is necessary to restore their microflora.

The delicate system of balance in the genital area of ​​a woman can fail in the presence of an inflammatory process caused by exposure to various pathogens.

An increase in the level in the sample becomes an indicator of the presence of a disease. The detection of an excess of the number of white cells becomes the basis for an in-depth study in order to identify the source of the disease and prescribe targeted treatment.

Smear on flora - effective diagnostics assessment of the nature of inflammation of the urogenital canal

Usually, a smear is taken from a woman at every visit to the gynecologist, both during a routine examination and in case of complaints of incomprehensible discharge, dryness, burning, itching, irritation and pain during sexual intercourse.

In some cases, infections do not manifest themselves external manifestations and can only be detected by checking the smear.

An example of such a "hidden" disease is chlamydia, which is asymptomatic and often detected by accident.The basis for prescribing a smear, in addition to the presence of complaints, is the discovery, in another type of examination, of grounds for suspecting the presence of trouble in the female genital area, as well as pregnancy.A smear on the flora gives many indicators, it demonstrates not only the number of white cells, but also the possible infection with various microorganisms, and also indicates the state of the hormonal status of a woman.

The analysis consists in taking a smear from different places - the urethra, and, in some cases, from the rectum and oropharynx.

It is taken with a special disposable spatula, and the samples are individually applied to special glasses. Then the samples are marked in order to know exactly from which zone the material was taken for analysis.

Finished glasses are sent to microscopic examination performed by an experienced laboratory assistant. It counts the amount, and also detects the possible presence of pathogenic microflora.

A smear is a fairly simple and quick test that can quite accurately determine the presence or absence of an inflammatory process and indicate the existing source of infection.

The analysis checks for the presence of the following indicators:

• Leukocytes
• squamous epithelium
• Gonococci
• Trichomonas etc.

If it is done, and the leukocytes are elevated, this means that the specialist counted more than 15 cells in the sample from the cervix in the field of view, 5 in the scraping from the urethra, and 10 from the vagina. This is usually evidence of an inflammatory process in the genitals of a woman, and the higher the test values, the more intense the inflammation.

Causes of an increase in the level of leukocytes

The main reason for the indicators, significantly exceeding the norm, is the presence of an inflammatory process in the area of ​​the genitourinary organs.

There can be several diseases that cause such symptoms:

• Dysbacteriosis of the vagina and / or intestines
• Colpitis is an inflammatory process that develops in the mucous membrane of the vagina
• Cevicitis - inflammation localized in the cervical canal
• Endometritis - inflammation of the lining of the uterus
• Adnexitis - inflammation of the ovaries, fallopian tubes
• - process affecting the urethra
• Oncological lesions of the urinary organs

If a smear on the flora shows that the leukocytes are elevated, and the numbers are very high, this is a reason to sound the alarm and immediately apply for an in-depth study and the appointment of the necessary treatment.

Useful video - Pap smear from the cervical canal in women.

In some cases, leukocytes are present in the sample, but the pathogen is not detected. This can be caused by the fact that the process has just begun, as well as by severe stress of a psychological or physiological nature. The most unpleasant option is an increase in indicators provoked by intestinal dysbacteriosis, since this condition is often extremely difficult to treat and the level of white cells in the smear does not decrease even with intensive drug exposure.

Sometimes the cause of a stable increase in the number of leukocytes can even be an intense sex life. In a fairly common number of reported cases, slightly above normal leukocytosis is detected as a variation of the woman's usual state and is not an indicator of the disease.

Signs of the disease

In most cases, inflammation of the urogenital area manifests itself quite rapidly. It is possible to note the presence of pains of varying degrees of intensity, scanty, abundant or foamy discharge, with an unpleasant odor, sharply different in color from the usual daily discharge.

Often inflammation is accompanied by itching, severe discomfort, swelling, redness. Such manifestations disturb a woman, make her nervous, interfere with a normal sexual life, affect behavior, affect the quality and duration of sleep.

It should be noted that all these signs indicate an infection, and not an increase in leukocytes - the appearance of these cells is one of the symptoms of the inflammatory process.In some diseases, no symptoms are noted. The woman feels healthy, outwardly everything is also in order - no pain, no itching or discharge.

Only a timely swab can reveal the presence of a lurking disease and allow you to start proper treatment preventing the development of a dangerous disease.

When performed - leukocytes are increased, and according to other analysis data it is impossible to give an exact definition of the cause of the disease, the doctor must send the patient to an in-depth examination to finally determine the exact cause of the appearance of these cells in the sample.

Treatment Method

Since changes in the smear are associated with various reasons, the treatment itself is always specialized. This means that the appearance above the norm in a smear is just an indicator of trouble, and not the disease itself, so the main goal of treatment is to cope with the pathogens that caused inflammation. Since they can be different (bacteria, viruses, fungi, as well as various combinations of these pathogens), then specific treatment will be prescribed.

Most often, leukocytosis is caused by bacterial vaginosis, which is successfully treated with a course of appropriate antibiotics. Other diseases will require an accurate selection of drugs, and if several types of infection are combined at once, then the use of a whole range of drugs.

With candidiasis, it is necessary to fight a fungal infection, and chlamydia, gardnerellosis and many other diseases are caused by protozoa. They are also treated with specific drugs. The large number of pathogens that can cause changes in smear indicators suggests that there is simply no single universal medicine to combat them, each reason requires a “personal” drug.

It is extremely important to complete the entire course of treatment prescribed by the doctor, without skipping medication or arbitrarily reducing the dose and duration of therapy.

If you stop treatment after the symptoms disappear, the infection can simply be "healed". It will not go anywhere, it will “doze off” in the body until the next convenient opportunity. As soon as something happens and the immune system decreases and cannot resist the onslaught of infection, the disease will return at the most inopportune moment.

It is especially risky if it turns out to be this inopportune moment. Some infectious diseases, especially, can extremely negatively affect the development or even cause involuntary termination of pregnancy. Treatment of such infections in a pregnant woman is very difficult, since drugs can also have a detrimental effect on the fetus and the gestation process.It is much wiser to diligently complete the treatment and rid yourself of the risk of a recurrence of the disease.

If leukocytes are elevated in a smear in a woman, the reasons should be looked at. Leukocytes are white blood cells that protect our body from various infections. Finding it in a smear on the flora in women already indicates some kind of disease in the female body.

Most likely, conditions have been created to increase the activity of the pathogenic component of the microflora. That is, inflammation develops. Some steps should be taken to normalize the indicators. A doctor and an analysis of the flora will help with this.

The microflora of a woman is very diverse, and can contain both beneficial microorganisms (lacto and bifidus), and conditionally pathogenic ones. They get along well with each other, as long as the beneficial microorganisms are normal.

But as soon as there is a failure in the microflora of a woman, pathogenic microorganisms begin to multiply intensively, filling the vacated space with themselves. The woman's vagina also contains white blood cells, which protect and preserve the woman's flora.

If the smear showed an increase in the number of leukocytes, this may indicate a disease that is associated with an inflammatory process. The smear itself cannot indicate the cause of the disease, only preliminary conclusions can be drawn. As a rule, in such cases, additional diagnostics are prescribed.

The table shows the leukocytes in the smear, their norm, and what their increased concentration may indicate.

Any change in the flora of the vagina is already a pathology. To find out the cause of the increase in leukocytes, an additional examination of the body is carried out. In this case, women are prescribed: smears on the tank, sowing, oncocytology, ELISA. Blood can reveal hidden infections, and calcoscopy may also be recommended to check the condition of the blood vessels of the uterus.

Symptoms of an increase in leukocytes

Each person will be able to determine pathological changes. An increase in leukocytes is typical for such symptoms:

• Burning and pain when urinating.
• Frequent urge to go to the toilet.
• Allocations are accompanied by an unpleasant odor.
• For women, menstrual failure is typical.
• Infertility.
• Irritation and itching during intercourse.

These symptoms may indicate a number of diseases, both sexually transmitted and inflammatory. Only a detailed examination can reveal an infection that caused an increase in leukocytes.

With a complete examination, the doctor will already be able to prescribe the correct treatment. It is possible that in order to identify the pathology, you will have to take a comprehensive analysis - blood, urine, a smear, and a leukemoid reaction may also be required if the smear does not clarify the situation.

In no case should you self-medicate, you can only aggravate your condition. In order to be prescribed treatment, you need to find the cause of the infection and eliminate it.

Permanent deviations from the norm of leukocytes in the flora of a woman can lead to unpleasant moments:

• Cervical erosion.
• Diseases of the mammary glands.
• Dysfunction of the urogenital area.
• Violation of the ovaries.

A gynecological examination of the microflora of the vagina allows you to identify possible inflammatory processes in the genital area. An ideal "clean" vaginal swab contains a single amount of leukocytes and rod flora.

The number of leukocytes in a smear is up to 15 considered the norm. Exceeding this value indicates the development of pathological processes or signals a possible sexual infection.

An increased number of leukocytes is considered in conjunction with the bacterial flora of the vagina. Distinguish 2 degrees negative smear:

• The number of leukocytes is 30-40, the flora is predominantly coccal.
• A large number of leukocytes, the absence of lactobacilli, various organisms are present in the microflora, Trichomonas and gonococci can be isolated.

Myself smear for microflora does not reveal the main cause of the increase in leukocytes and changes in the microflora, however, it indicates the presence of inflammatory diseases of the genital organs.

To diagnose possible diseases with negative smears, additional laboratory tests are prescribed - smears for bacterial culture and oncocytology, blood for the presence of hidden infectious diseases. Colposcopy is also indicated to determine the condition of the endometrium.

The reasons

Any inflammatory process in the body is characterized by leukocytosis. An increased number of leukocytes in a smear in a woman signals diseases of the reproductive system, which are classified as follows:

• Inflammatory diseases of the lower sections and pelvic organs: cervicitis, colpitis, vulvitis, endocervicitis, endometritis, parametritis
• Viral and infectious: gonorrhea, herpes, trichomoniasis, chlamydia, syphilis, HIV and others.
• Non-specific: candidiasis, ureaplasma, mycoplasma, staphylococcus, etc.

According to its course, the disease can occur in the chronic (asymptomatic) and acute stages.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) may result from previous abortions, intrauterine contraceptives, chronic diseases (diabetes), hormonal disorders. Chronic stress, smoking, alcohol, sleep disturbance are factors that affect the development of PID. Infection with infectious diseases in 99% of cases occurs through sexual contact.

During pregnancy

Due to hormonal changes, the level of leukocytes in the vaginal microflora of a pregnant woman may be slightly increased, but not more than 20 leukocytes in a smear. Negative smears during pregnancy also indicate inflammatory processes of the reproductive system and require additional examination.

Most frequent causes of an increase in the level of leukocytes during pregnancy - candidiasis (thrush) and cervicitis, the cause of which are: changes in hormonal levels, disruption of the usual lifestyle, stress and fatigue.

Treatment with drugs

Used to treat inflammatory diseases of the genital organs following methods:

• Vaginal douching antiseptics: miramistin, chlorhexidine, potassium permanganate;
• Antibacterial vaginal suppositories: "Genferon", "Hexicon", "Terzhinan", "Viferon";
• With candidiasis, the drugs "Fluconazole", "Flucostat" are taken orally.

The treatment of infectious diseases requires intravenous administration antibacterial drugs: "Ornidazole", "Ciprinol", "Metronidazole". Local douching of the vagina with antiseptics is jointly prescribed. Upon completion of treatment, a course of rehabilitation therapy is carried out, aimed at the population of the vagina with beneficial bacteria, with the help of eubiotics: Bifidumbacterin, Lactobacterin, Vagilak and others.

Important: all medications should be taken strictly as prescribed by the doctor. Self-medication with antibiotics carries a lot of side effects.

Treatment with folk remedies

• A tablespoon of chamomile flowers, calendula, nettle (optional) is poured with a glass of water, brought to a boil, removed from heat and infused for half an hour. Before use, the decoctions should be filtered through a sieve or gauze.
• Pour 6 cloves of minced garlic with 1.5 liters of hot water, leave to infuse overnight, strain before use.
• Pour 2 cloves of minced garlic with 2 cups of hot water, add 1.5 tablespoons of apple cider vinegar, mix and strain.
• For thrush: mix 1 dose of dry bifidumbacterin with a teaspoon of warm water, add 1 teaspoon of petroleum jelly. Soak a tampon with the resulting ointment and insert into the vagina for 10 hours. Course of treatment: 7 - 10 days.

An increase in the level of leukocytes is a signal of the presence of inflammatory, infectious diseases, and many of them can be asymptomatic. Identification of the cause and its elimination should be carried out immediately. Otherwise, the woman puts her health at great risk.

• Infertility;
• Ectopic pregnancy;
• Complications during pregnancy;
• endometriosis;
• Oncology;
• Violation of the menstrual cycle;
• Adhesions leading to infertility;
• Myoma of the uterus.

For the prevention and timely detection of diseases of the reproductive system, a woman should undergo a gynecological examination every 6 months.

Leukocytes are special cells immune system designed to protect the body from infections. When a virus appears, leukocytes begin to multiply actively in order to defend themselves. Naturally, this increase is immediately displayed in blood tests, and, of course, in a smear. For physicians, the signal for treatment is the presence of more than 15 units of leukocytes in a smear in the field of view. This means that a woman develops an infectious-inflammatory disease. If the number of leukocytes literally rolls over, then the lady has problems with genitourinary system. It could be inflammation. Bladder, kidney or reproductive organs.

What do white blood cells say in a smear

Leukocytes can be detected in a smear and are normal. But in this case, there won't be many of them. If the value goes beyond the norm, most likely, the lady develops an infectious inflammatory disease - vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis, thrush, colpitis, etc. Moreover, the more leukocytes in the smear, the more acute the course of the disease.

Symptoms that may accompany an increased number of leukocytes in a smear are as follows:
- frequent urination, which can be quite painful;
- burning sensation in the vagina;
- unpleasant ;
- problems with menstrual cycle(e.g. crash);
- dense whitish discharge.

Reasons for gynecological smear may be different problems. This is vaginal dysbacteriosis, and various sexually transmitted infections, and E. coli, as well as oncological diseases genitals.

What to do with elevated leukocytes

First of all, in order to reduce the number of leukocytes in a smear, it is necessary to treat the cause that causes such a pathology. Treatment must be prescribed by an observant gynecologist. Sometimes a urologist is also involved in drawing up a treatment regimen.

In parallel, you can try to reduce the discomfort that causes a particular disease. To do this, sanitation is usually prescribed to restore the microflora of the vagina. You can conduct a course both with the help of medications and herbs - chamomile, nettle, St. John's wort, etc. Naturally, such treatment can be used only in consultation with the doctor.

You can also do warm baths. The water temperature should be at least 45 degrees, because heat helps fight inflammatory diseases.

Often used to reduce leukocytes in a smear, special candles.