What does risk mean in medicine 4. Symptoms and complications of hypertension

Hypertonic disease is a common disease that affects every 5 people in the world.

The disease leads to various complications and consequences. In most cases, the pathology ends in death.

The risks of complications are divided into several types depending on the degree of damage and associated symptoms. Last stage hypertensive crisis ends in a heart attack and leads to death.

Pathology is treatable and helps to get rid of the characteristic manifestations with the help of antihypertensive drugs, which slows down the progression of the disease.

The disease is usually divided into degrees. There are 4 in total:

1. Soft (1 degree). This type of hypertension does not require treatment and intervention by a specialist. It has a short-term nature and is 140-160 mm Hg. Art.
2. Moderate (grade 2). With this type of hypertension, the pressure ranges from 160 to 180 mm Hg. Art. Treatment with antihypertensive drugs is required.
3. Severe (grade 3). Pressure above 180 mm Hg. Art. Otherwise referred to as malignant hypertension and is difficult to treat with medication.
4. There are also risks of CVE grade 4 (high). This type of pathology occurs in those who have undergone heart surgery in the past or after heart attacks, strokes and coronary disease.

With a pathology of 3 or 4 degrees, a lesion occurs internal organs and fabrics. The heart and brain are affected first. Subject to negative influence genitourinary system which eventually leads to kidney failure.

The causes of the development of pathology can be various provoking factors:

• abuse of addictions - smoking, alcohol, drugs have a depressing and destructive effect on blood vessels, which leads to loss of elasticity, decreased patency and the formation of blood clots;
• elevated cholesterol levels - leads to damage to the vascular system by atherosclerosis;
• endocrine pathologies;
• ecological situation;
• hormonal disruptions, including menopause;
• age-related changes - especially in people over 50 years old;
• nervous and psycho-emotional disorders.

Congenital or hereditary factors and anomalies in the organs of the cardiovascular system can also contribute to the development of the disease.

In case of hereditary pathologies, it is necessary to be observed monthly by a specialist, since there are high risks of developing cardiovascular pathologies.

Risk classification

Let's consider the possible risks in more detail.

Risks of CCO 1 degree

The initial stage of the disease does not cause serious consequences or complications. Often resolves on its own with subsequent normalization of blood pressure.

Symptoms of the disease:

• cardiopalmus;
• headache;
• noise in ears;
• fast fatiguability;
• dizziness.

The risks of grade 1 OSR are minimal. However, at the first symptoms, it is necessary to consult a doctor for advice, as the disease can become more severe.

With untimely treatment of hypertension of the 1st degree, the disease gradually progresses and passes into the second stage. This is fraught with consequences and complications, which can ultimately lead to myocardial infarction.

Often, when examining the 2nd degree of the disease, a risk of 2 is assigned. The main symptoms of this category are:

• increased sweating;
• fog before the eyes;
• fatigue;
• nausea;
• puffiness of the face.

SSO 2 degree has category 3 risk. With this course of the disease, palpitations, shortness of breath, hyperemia, and also a hypertensive crisis are observed. Pathology is often observed in older people.

Hypertension grade 3 is assigned risks 1, 2, 3, 4.

The disease gradually leads to the destruction of blood vessels and arteries - thinning of the walls occurs, elasticity and patency deteriorate, which leads to the formation of blood clots and circulatory disorders.

Symptoms and consequences:

• migraine;
• throbbing pains;
• blurred vision;
• loss of strength in the limbs;
• hyperemia;
• decrease or loss of memory (typical for risks of 3 and 4 degrees).

Grade 3, risk level 3 CVD is accompanied by angina pectoris and is common in people with diabetes. Under the influence of negative factors, atherosclerotic changes occur. It is impossible to completely cure the disease.

• overweight;
• stressful situations;
• sedentary lifestyle;
• age over 50;
• pregnancy;
• malnutrition;
• concomitant diseases of the internal organs.

For the 3rd degree of risk, persistent headaches (migraines), flies before the eyes, severe pain in the region of the heart, and in some cases loss of consciousness are characteristic.

Grade 4 CSOs are conditionally divided into primary (essential) and secondary (symptomatic). The disease very often leads to disability or death.

Signs and symptoms:

• pain in the region of the heart;
• loss of consciousness;
• ischemic disease;
• thrombus formation;
• myocardial infarction;
• brain damage (stroke);
• fatal outcome.

The disease of the 4th degree is not treatable. Drug therapy can only eliminate the consequences of pathology. In such cases, it is necessary to adjust the lifestyle and follow the recommendations of the cardiologist.

First of all, the internal organs or target organs are affected: the heart, brain, kidneys.

Consequences:

• redness and swelling of the face;
• blanching of the limbs;
• increased sweating;
• migraine;
• decrease in intellectual abilities (memory loss);
• flies or fog before the eyes;
• fatigue, weakness;
• loss of visual acuity up to partial blindness;
• aneurysm;
• heart attack;
• hemorrhagic stroke;
• fatal outcome.

Due to impaired blood circulation, there is a lack of supply of organs with the necessary nutrients. Against this background, kidney or heart failure develops.

Several methods and approaches are used to identify and identify the disease. This allows you to choose the most effective therapy.

Examination methods:

• physical examination - examination of the heart with a stethoscope for the presence of noise and sounds in the organ;
• visual examination - assessment of the patient's skin;
• tonometer - measurement of blood pressure using the device;
• ECG (electrocardiogram) - determination of the rhythm of heart contractions;
• echocardiogram - study of the structure of an organ (heart);
• dopplerography - the study of blood flow in the vessels and arteries;
• CT scan;
• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging);
• biochemical blood test - determination of the level of cholesterol or sugar in the patient's blood.

In some cases, additional types of research may be prescribed. One of these is a daily mount (Holter). The miniature device allows you to determine the state of the heart during sleep, physical activity, eating, rest, stressful situations.

It is recommended to constantly monitor your arterial pressure. For this, a tonometer is used. It is necessary to strictly follow the recommendations of the doctor and take the necessary medications that lower blood pressure.

The patient should be trained in all psychophysical ways to reduce high blood pressure and try to resort to their help if necessary.

In addition, people diagnosed with hypertension at risk-4 should lead a consistently healthy lifestyle, fundamentally avoid the use of intoxicants, staying in a noisy company. He must certainly cultivate the psychophysical technique, emphasizing both its physical and psychological parts.

The most accessible means physical activity should be a long, for a whole hour walking, with strict observance of all the precepts of self-control.

The so-called risk of severe cardiovascular disease should not shock the patient. He must understand that these notorious 30% are nothing but the most ordinary figure created artificially with the aim of finally zombifying him.

It is these 30% that make him completely disappointed in the capabilities of his own body, accepting treatment as a gift from God. chemicals, and which, by the way, will never lead to recovery, but only to the real realization of these percentages.

It is important to understand that any risk is primarily a relative or absolute probability of the sale of an event, a complication of a disease, or its outcome. But this probability is just a mathematical figure that has nothing to do with the natural biosocial life of a person.

What are the chances of developing cardiovascular disease, and even for some time in life? This means that a person is zombified for the obligatory acquisition of the disease over the next ten years of life. Mandatory! It's about like in chirology, a specialist, peering intently into the client's palm, unexpectedly declares that you have exactly so many years left to live!

And after all, this prophecy almost always works for an encore: clients, without a small exception, are sure to invest in this ill-fated time - the formed dominant will never, under any pretext, leave the confines of consciousness, as well as the subconscious, reliably storing this ill-fated information.

This is already like a code of life and even death, which will lead a person only in an artificially created way. These 10 remaining years will be in front of a person's eyes. This will already be an algorithm, first of all, of biological life, because social life, like spiritual life, turns into a martyr's expectation of the end of these ten years.

But these 10 years may end earlier, but it is unlikely to stretch out for a longer period of time, with an established lifestyle.

This dominant can be removed from the consciousness-subconsciousness only by one's own efforts, by sharply changing the algorithm of life that has been developed over the years, saturating it with psychophysical attitudes. At this time, it is simply necessary to be ironic about the indicated 10 years, and then they will certainly sink into oblivion, leaving only a bitter memory as parting.

In no way is it possible, like a magician, to predict the likelihood of complications, some ailments, and even more so deaths - this information will certainly boomerang the creative authors themselves.

Risk groups for cardiovascular complications in hypertension

Hypertension is a polyetiological disease, in other words, a combination of many risk factors leads to the development of the disease. so the likelihood of

GB is determined by a combination of these factors, the intensity of their action, and so on.

But as such, the occurrence of hypertension, especially if we talk about asymptomatic forms. is not of great practical importance, since a person can live for a long time without experiencing any difficulties and not even knowing that he suffers from this disease.

The danger of pathology and, accordingly, the medical significance of the disease lies in the development of cardiovascular complications.

Risk of cardiovascular complications

Previously, it was believed that the probability of cardiovascular complications in HD is determined solely by the level of blood pressure. And the higher the pressure, the greater the risk of complications.

To date, it has been established that, as such, the risk of developing complications is determined not only by blood pressure figures, but also by many other factors, in particular, it depends on the involvement of other organs and systems in the pathological process, as well as the presence of associated clinical conditions.

In this regard, all patients suffering from essential hypertension are usually divided into 4 groups, each of which has its own level of risk of developing cardiovascular complications.

Risk groups for hypertension

There are 4 risk groups for the development of cardiovascular complications:

1. Low risk. Men and women under the age of 55 who have arterial hypertension of the 1st degree and do not have other diseases of the cardiovascular system have a low risk of developing cardiovascular complications, which does not exceed 15%.

2. Average level. This group includes patients who have risk factors for the development of complications, in particular, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, impaired glucose tolerance, age over 55 years for men and 65 years for women, and a family history of hypertension. At the same time, target organ damage and associated diseases are not observed. The risk of developing cardiovascular complications is 15-20%.

3. High risk. This risk group includes all patients who have signs of target organ damage, in particular, left ventricular hypertrophy according to instrumental studies, narrowing of the retinal arteries, signs of initial kidney damage.

4. The group is very high risk. This risk group includes patients who have associated diseases, in particular coronary heart disease, have had myocardial infarction, and have a history of acute cerebral circulation suffering from heart or kidney failure, as well as people who have a combination of hypertension and diabetes.

Ask a question to a specialist

Patient xxx, 69 years old (18.08.36), residing at Segezha, st. Komsomolskaya, was admitted to the surgical department of the Republican Hospital in Petrozavodsk on the referral from the Ladwig Hospital on 09.09.2005 at 20.30

a) underlying disease peptic ulcer, postbulbar ulcer duodenum, corpus ulcer associated with Helicobacter pylori, for the first time identified, complicated by gastroduodenal bleeding

b) Complications of the underlying disease - chronic post-hemorrhagic iron deficiency anemia, of moderate severity due to bleeding from a peptic ulcer and alimentary insufficiency.

c) Concomitant diseases - Acute nosocomial right-sided lower lobe pneumonia, asymptomatic paraurethral cyst; polyps of the gallbladder.

At the time of admission: complaints of general weakness, fatigue, lethargy; on aching, pressing, non-radiating pains of moderate intensity in the epigastric region, not associated with the time of day and physical activity; after eating (especially milk), the patient noted some improvement. Pain was accompanied by heartburn (burning sensation behind the sternum), belching, mild nausea, occasional constipation; during the last four days - black stools. The patient also notes slight weight loss, loss of appetite and sleep disturbance (insomnia) over the past 1.5 years.

In January 2005, the patient was again admitted to the same medical institution in connection with similar complaints (in addition, there was slight weight loss, loss of appetite and sleep disturbance); the same diagnosis was made and iron therapy for enteral use was started again. In the course of treatment, their intolerance was revealed (nausea, periodic vomiting appeared), so the patient was transferred to therapy with parenteral iron preparations (Ferrum-lek), with a positive effect.

The current exacerbation since 09/04/2005, when the above complaints appeared, in connection with which the patient was urgently hospitalized in the surgical department of the Republican Hospital.

Hypertension 2 stages, 4 degrees of risk, worsening.

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Hypertension 1, 2 and 3 degrees with 4 risk groups

Grade 3 risk - in patients up to 30% chance of complications from the heart. Hypertension of the 1st degree is not manifested by damage to target organs. Hypertension is divided into three degrees of severity, depending on the indicators of blood pressure. At the 3rd degree of the disease, increased pressure is formed (over 180/110 mm Hg). With this form of hypertension, a stable increase in pressure occurs.

Hypertension (primary and secondary arterial hypertension) is a dangerous condition that cannot be cured permanently. Hypertensive patients are forced to take medications throughout their lives, but the amount of these drugs depends on the degree and risk of hypertension.

THREE SEVERITY OF HYPERTENSION

When the pathology passes from the 1st degree to the 2nd, the above symptoms of the disease become permanent. The causes of this form of the disease are the same as in other types of hypertension. A hypertensive crisis is a sharp and unexpected increase in blood pressure with a change in the blood supply to internal organs.

A crisis is especially dangerous due to the deterioration of the work of the head and heart in the presence of pathological conditions in them. Hypertension 2 degree 2 risk often occurs against the background of vascular atherosclerosis, in which angina attacks ( strong pain behind the sternum with a lack of blood supply in the coronary artery). The symptoms of this form of the disease do not differ from hypertension of the 2nd degree of the first risk group. Only damage to the cardiovascular system is observed.

At risk 3, degree 2 of essential hypertension, the probability of developing heart disease in 10 years is 30-35%. To exclude damage to the cardiovascular system and reduce the frequency of changes in target organs, pathology should be diagnosed in a timely manner.

Consider the features of pathological changes in the kidneys, brain and heart. In the elderly, grade 3 hypertension is characterized by an excess of pressure figures significantly above 180/110 mm. rt. Art. Such numbers can cause ruptures of blood vessels.

However, with hypertension with a risk of 3, the numbers are even more significant, and complications can be fatal. Often, patients with grade 3 hypertension experience hemorrhagic stroke.

Hypertension should be carefully and continuously treated to prevent risks. It is better to use a long-acting drug, as it builds up in the blood, and blood pressure is more stable. Thus, in order to prevent the risk of hypertension, it is necessary to treat the disease from the initial stages. The ratio of these risks to each other in different age groups and different sexes is different.

Subsequently, this approach was confirmed in the 2nd and 3rd NCEP ATP Reports and at the 27th Bethesda Conference. Cardiovascular risk assessment is recommended as a practical tool for determining the optimal degree of intervention to correct risk in an individual.

The third degree of hypertension, in which blood pressure is 180/110 mm Hg. pillar and above, of course, requires close attention, both the doctor and the sick person himself. The patient should be trained in all psychophysical ways to reduce high blood pressure and try to resort to their help if necessary. In addition, people diagnosed with hypertension at risk-4 should lead a consistently healthy lifestyle, fundamentally avoid the use of intoxicants, staying in a noisy company.

The so-called risk of severe cardiovascular disease should not shock the patient. It is important to understand that any risk is primarily a relative or absolute probability of the sale of an event, a complication of a disease, or its outcome.

Since the load on the heart muscle increases with hypertension, compensatory hypertrophy (increase) in the thickness of the heart muscle of the left ventricle occurs. There is a gradual sclerosis of the vessels and tissues of the kidneys. Their excretory function is impaired. With hypertension of the 2nd degree, the risks of complications are quite significant. There are four degrees in total. This form of hypertension of the 2nd degree is diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, the presence of atherosclerotic plaques, impaired renal filtration.

Factors and degrees of risk

Target organs are those organs that are affected in the first place in hypertension. These are the heart, brain, kidneys, retina and blood vessels. In conditions of hypertrophy, the heart needs an increased blood supply, and the reserve in AH is reduced. There is a headache, dizziness, decreased performance, noise in the head.

Hypertensive disease of the 1st degree: symptoms and treatment

With arterial hypertension, almost all vessels are also affected. The result of such an inattentive attitude to one's health is the transition of hypertension to a more serious stage. Grade 3 hypertension is a more serious threat to a person's life, which can also develop due to comorbidities. If a person has a certain history of the disease and habits, the course of this disease worsens.

Left ventricular hypertrophy is considered more an important factor risk than diabetes, high blood cholesterol and smoking. If the estimated frequency is higher than 36%, then 4 risk of the disease should be assumed.

Symptoms and complications of hypertension

Hypertension - primary and secondary arterial hypertension - is a dangerous condition that cannot be cured forever. Hypertensive patients are forced to take medications throughout their lives, but the amount of these drugs depends on the degree and risk of hypertension.

Disease classification

There is the following grouping of hypertension:

• 1st degree - pressure over 140-159 / 90-99 mm Hg. Art.;
• 2nd - / 100-109 mm Hg. Art.;
• 3rd - 180/100 mm Hg. Art.

The most dangerous is the third, in which there is damage to target organs: kidneys, eyes, pancreas. When complicated by atherosclerosis (deposition of plaques inside the vessels), pulmonary edema, cardiovascular diseases, serious violations of the internal organs are formed. Against the background of these types of pathology, hemorrhage occurs in the parenchyma. If it appears in the retina, there is a high probability of blindness, in the kidneys - kidney failure.

There are four risk groups for hypertension: low, moderate, high, and very high. Target organ damage occurs in the third. Depending on the predominant localization of secondary complications high blood pressure classification distinguishes 3 varieties of the disease - renal, cerebral, cardiac.

In the malignant form of hypertension, rapidly increasing changes in blood pressure are observed. IN initial stage disease clinical symptoms not observed, but the following changes gradually join:

• migraine;
• heaviness in the head;
• insomnia;
• heartbeat;
• feeling of congestion of blood to the head.

When the pathology passes from the 1st degree to the 2nd, these symptoms become permanent. In the third stage of the disease, lesions of internal organs are observed, in which the following complications are formed:

• left ventricular hypertrophy;
• blindness;
• systolic heart murmur;
• angiospastic retinitis.

The classification of types of high blood pressure is very important for choosing the optimal tactics for treating the disease. If adequate therapy is not carried out, a hypertensive crisis may occur, in which the pressure figures significantly exceed physiological indicators.

Symptoms of the 1st degree of hypertension

The disease at this stage is not manifested by damage to target organs. Of all the forms, the first is the easiest, nevertheless, against its background, unpleasant signs appear - pain in the back of the head, flashing "flies" before the eyes, palpitations, dizziness. The reasons for this form are the same as for other types.

How to treat hypertension of the 1st degree:

1. Weight recovery. According to clinical research with any decrease in weight by 2 kilograms, the daily pressure decreases by 2 mm Hg. Art.
2. Rejection of bad habits.
3. Restriction of animal fat and table salt.
4. Reducing foods containing calcium and potassium.
5. No stress.
6. Antihypertensive agents as mono- and combination therapy.
7. Gradual decrease in pressure to physiological values ​​(140/90 mm Hg. Art.).
8. Folk remedies to improve the effectiveness of drugs.

Hypertensive disease of the 2nd degree

This form can be 1, 2, 3 and 4 risk groups. by the most dangerous symptom is a hypertensive crisis - a sharp and unexpected increase in blood pressure with a change in the blood supply to the internal organs. With it, not only target organs are quickly affected, but secondary changes occur in the central and peripheral nervous system. Expressed violations of the psycho-emotional background are formed. The provoking factors of the condition are the use of large amounts of salt, a change in the weather. A crisis is especially dangerous due to the deterioration of the work of the head and heart in the presence of pathological conditions in them.

Symptoms of hypertension of the 2nd degree (1st risk group) during a crisis:

• pain behind the sternum with irradiation to the shoulder blade;
• migraine;
• dizziness;
• loss of consciousness.

This stage of hypertension is a harbinger of subsequent serious disorders that will lead to numerous changes. It can rarely be cured with a single antihypertensive drug. Only with combination therapy can successful control of blood pressure be guaranteed.

Hypertension grade 2, risk 2

Pathology often occurs against the background of atherosclerosis of the vessels, which is characterized by angina attacks - severe pain behind the sternum with a lack of blood supply in the coronary artery. The symptoms of this form do not differ from hypertension of the 2nd degree of the first risk group, only damage to the cardiovascular system is observed. This type of pathology refers to moderate severity. This category is considered dangerous because after 10 years, 15% of people develop cardiovascular disorders.

In the 3rd risk group of the 2nd degree of essential hypertension, the probability of occurrence of heart disease in 10 years is 30-35%. If the estimated frequency is higher than 36%, a 4th risk group should be assumed. In order to exclude damage to the cardiovascular system and reduce the density of changes in target organs, a deviation should be diagnosed in time. This also allows to reduce the intensity and number of hypertensive crises against the background of pathology. Types of crisis depending on the predominant localization of lesions:

1. Convulsive - with trembling muscles.
2. Edematous - swelling of the eyelids, drowsiness.
3. Neuro-vegetative - overexcitation, dry mouth, increased heart rate.

With any of these forms of the disease, dangerous complications develop:

• pulmonary edema;
• myocardial infarction (death of the heart muscle);
• swelling of the brain;
• violation of cerebral blood supply;
• death.

Hypertensive disease of the 2nd degree, risk 3

The form is combined with the defeat of target organs. Consider the features of pathological changes in the kidneys, brain and heart:

1. The blood supply to the brain decreases, which leads to dizziness, tinnitus, and a decrease in efficiency. With a long course of the disease, heart attacks occur - cell death with memory impairment, loss of intelligence, dementia.
2. Cardiac transformations develop gradually. First, there is an increase in myocardial thickness, then congestive changes are formed in the left ventricle. If atherosclerosis of the coronary vessels joins, myocardial infarction appears and the probability of death is high.
3. In the kidneys against the background of arterial hypertension gradually grows connective tissue. Sclerosis leads to impaired filtration and reabsorption of substances. These changes lead to kidney failure.

Hypertensive disease of the 3rd degree, risk 2

The form is dangerous. It is associated not only with damage to target organs, but also with the occurrence of diabetes mellitus, glomerulonephritis and pancreatitis. At the 3rd degree, pressure over 180/110 mm Hg develops. Art., there is a constant rise. Even against the background of antihypertensive drugs, it is very difficult to bring it to physiological values. With this degree of hypertension, the following complications occur:

• glomerulonephritis;
• violations of cardiac activity (arrhythmia, extrasystole);
• brain damage (decreased concentration, dementia).

In the elderly, grade 3 hypertension is characterized by pressure well above 180/110 mm Hg. Art. Such numbers can cause ruptures of blood vessels. The danger of the disease increases against the background of a hypertensive crisis, in which blood pressure goes off scale. Even combined treatment with several drugs does not lead to a stable improvement in the condition.

3rd degree, risk 3

It is not only severe, but also a life-threatening form of pathology. As a rule, a lethal outcome even against the background of therapy is observed within 10 years. Despite the fact that at the 3rd degree the probability of damage to target organs does not exceed 30% for 10 years, high pressure numbers can quickly lead to kidney or heart failure. Often in patients with hypertension of this degree, hemorrhagic stroke is observed. However, many doctors believe that with the 3rd and 4th degrees, the probability of death is quite high due to persistent pressure over 180 mm Hg. Art.

3rd degree, risk 4

The most important signs of this form of malaise:

• dizziness;
• blurred vision;
• redness of the neck;
• decrease in sensitivity;
• throbbing pain in the head;
• sweating;
• paresis;
• decrease in intelligence;
• lack of coordination.

These symptoms are a manifestation of high blood pressure over 180 mm Hg. Art. At risk 4, a person is more likely to experience the following complications:

1. rhythm change;
2. dementia;
3. heart and kidney failure;
4. myocardial infarction;
5. encephalopathy;
6. personality disorders;
7. hemorrhages;
8. swelling of the optic nerve;
9. aortic dissection;
10. diabetic nephropathy.

Each of these complications is a fatal condition. If several changes occur simultaneously, the death of a person is possible.

How to prevent hypertension

To prevent risks, arterial hypertension should be constantly treated. Medications will be prescribed by a doctor, but do not forget to visit him regularly to adjust the level of pressure. At home, carry out activities to normalize lifestyle. There is a certain list of procedures that can reduce pressure and reduce the need for the use of antihypertensive drugs. They have side effects, so long-term use may cause damage to other organs.

Principles of drug therapy for hypertension:

1. Follow your doctor's recommendations.
2. Take medicines in the exact dosage and at the appointed time.
3. To reduce side effects from drugs, they can be combined with herbal antihypertensive drugs.
4. Give up bad habits and limit salt in your diet.
5. Get rid of excess weight.
6. Eliminate stress and worries.

When starting to use antihypertensive drugs, low doses can be used, but if they do not help to cope with the pathology, a second drug should be added. When it is not enough, you can connect a third, and if necessary, a fourth drug. It is better to use a long-acting remedy, as it accumulates in the blood and sustainably maintains blood pressure. Thus, in order to prevent the risks of hypertension, it is necessary to treat it from the initial stages.

Hello. I am 53 years old and I have chronic cerebral ischemia. hypertension grade 3 risk 4, another curvature of the cervical vertebrae. In 2015, I had an operation on carotid artery, in the same year they told me to go through a commission for VTEK, everything passed, I was in the hospital for an examination, everything was confirmed and for 3 months they have been driving from office to office, prescribing the medicines that I drink and they say that you can work like an elephant, no group allowed. What to do in such cases, since it’s even difficult even as a watchman, you have to clean the snow, and my heartbeat, shortness of breath and everything else starts. With best regards, Vladimir.

Vladimir is obliged to give you a group!

Don't give, you can work

Hello! Postponed May 27, 2017 acute anterior myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation 3Q complicated in the acute period by ventricular fibrillation with successful cardioversion, angioplasty with stenting. Diagnosis Hypertension stage III risk 4, rhythm disturbances - rare gastric and supragastric extrasystoles. Mitral regulation of 1-2 degrees, tricuspid regulation of 1-2 degrees, thrombotic masses of CHF1, FC2. Can I qualify for a disability?

risk of CVD. Cardiovascular complications: how to recognize

According to statistics, hypertension is detected in every 3 people aged 40 years and above. Her asymptomatic course initial stage leads to the fact that the disease progresses rapidly, turning into a complicated form. The risk of CVC at stages 3 and 4 of hypertension increases several times, which is a dangerous phenomenon for health and life in general. It is possible to prevent the development of cardiovascular complications only by timely detection and treatment of the underlying disease - hypertension, with the help of medicines and lifestyle changes in general.

Who is at risk for cardiovascular complications?

Hypertension refers to chronic diseases that are not completely cured, especially in the absence of proper therapy at the initial stage. Over time, the disease leads to disturbances in the work and structure of internal organs, especially the cardiovascular system. There are several risk groups for CCO:

1. Low degree. This group includes people whose age exceeds 50 years, they have clinically confirmed arterial hypertension of the initial stage and there are no diseases of the heart and blood vessels.
2. Medium degree. Patients in this risk group have factors that contribute to the development of cardiovascular complications against the background of GB. These factors include hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, mature age, and the presence of close relatives suffering from hypertension.
3. High degree. This group includes patients with severe forms of hypertension, in which disorders such as LV hypertrophy and kidney pathologies are detected during diagnosis.
4. Increased degree of risk. Most susceptible to the development of cardiovascular complications are those who have suffered or have severe pathologies in the form of coronary disease, heart attack, acute cerebrovascular accident, kidney or heart failure. This group includes patients in whom hypertension occurs simultaneously with diabetes mellitus.

It used to be thought that cardiovascular complications in people with hypertension developed as the disease progressed. However, now specialists in the risk group include people who have a number of provoking factors for the development of CVC, regardless of the degree of hypertension. These factors include insufficient physical activity, the presence of excess weight, diabetes, chronic stress, malnutrition, disorders in the work of the endocrine organs.

How can you recognize SSO

You can find out that a pathological process is taking place in the body, which can affect the future quality of life, by a number of signs and symptoms. The first thing you need to pay attention to is constantly elevated blood pressure.

The risk of CVC increases with the level of blood pressure 180 to 110, which is accompanied by the appearance of:

• dizziness and severe throbbing headaches;
• loss of visual acuity;
• weakness in the upper and lower extremities;
• nausea, sometimes vomiting;
• feelings of shortness of breath;
• anxiety;
• chest pain.

As a result of GB, the walls of blood vessels are damaged, their lumen narrows, and blood circulation is disturbed. All internal organs and systems suffer from this, the general well-being of a person worsens.

What are the possible complications of CVD?

Complications of a cardiovascular nature in GB are a reality for every person with a history of this disease. Changes in this case can occur in the area:

1. Hearts. In it, there is an expansion of the left ventricle, a deterioration in the elastic properties of the myocardium. As the disease progresses, the work of the left ventricle is disrupted, which can result in heart failure if not treated in a timely manner. In addition, with the defeat of large vessels, the likelihood of developing a heart attack is high, which is dangerously fatal.
2. urinary organs. In the kidneys, blood circulation actively occurs, which is disturbed in GB. This can result in chronic renal failure.
3. Brain. Hypertension leads to impaired blood circulation throughout the body, including in the brain. As a result, he experiences a lack of nutrition and oxygen, which is fraught with memory impairment, a decrease in attention, the development of diseases accompanied by a decrease in intellectual capabilities. Often, blood clots form in the vessels against the background of increased blood pressure, which can lead to impaired blood flow and the development of a stroke.
4. visual organs. Against the background of constantly elevated pressure, visual acuity in a person decreases. On top of that, he will constantly feel a feeling of pressure in the eye area, which will manifest itself as drowsiness, decreased efficiency.

With hypertension of 3 and 4 degrees, the risks of developing complications increase several times. All pathologies are dangerous and lead to a reduction in the life of the patient, with a violation of its quality. All this can be prevented only by timely treatment, including medications, diet, etc.

Treatment of pathology: how to avoid the development of CSO

The development of CVC can only be avoided by timely treatment of hypertension, which is manifested by irritability, decreased attention and memory, shortness of breath, headaches and heart pain. As a treatment, a systematic intake is prescribed:

• diuretics;
• ACE inhibitors;
• calcium channel blockers;
• receptor blockers, etc.

In addition to the composition complex therapy includes a special diet that excludes the use of products that negatively affect blood vessels. Be sure to exclude or limit the intake of salt, fried, fatty and smoked foods from the diet. It is forbidden to use pickles, spicy dishes, coffee, semi-finished products, strong tea.

Experts advise people with HD to reconsider their lifestyle, get rid of bad habits, and go in for suitable sports. You can go for walks daily, do simple exercises at home. If possible, you need to avoid stress, get enough sleep, refuse to work in hazardous industries.

Risks of cardiovascular complications in different degrees of hypertension

The heart is a pump that delivers blood to all vital organs. But for a number of many reasons, it may not be able to cope with its obligations.

Scientists, based on data from multicenter studies, found that arterial hypertension in the development of cardiovascular complications is a priority, and an increase in blood pressure for every 20/10 mm Hg. Art. doubles the risk of CVD.

First places in prevalence and risk of complications cardiovascular disease occupied by stroke and myocardial infarction. They lead to an increase in the number of deaths and disabilities.

To reduce pressure while preserving blood vessels, it is better to add it to tea in the morning before breakfast.

Degrees of hypertension

Therapists and cardiologists around the world are excited about the problem of hypertension, because it has reached pandemic proportions, although it is not an infectious disease. In 2003, at one of the symposiums, an international classification of hypertension was approved.

It includes three degrees, which are determined by assessing risk factors.

This classification is convenient because it can be used to predict the course of the disease. Mild (1st) degree is characterized by constant elevated blood pressure up to 159/99 mm Hg. Art., but absent pathological changes internal organs.

Moderate hypertension is characterized by an increase in pressure up to 179\109 mm Hg. Art., which returns to normal values ​​only on the background of therapy. At the same time, such people find an enlarged left ventricle of the heart. BP is persistently above 180\110 mm Hg. Art. indicates a severe degree of the disease and a high risk of CVD.

Aggravate the course of the disease risk factors that can be corrected, and not amenable to correction. The first include the regime of the day, bad habits, physical inactivity, irregularity and imbalance in nutrition. A hypertensive person can get rid of them and improve the quality of life. The second includes age, race, family heredity.

There are 4 levels of risk in total. With the help of them, a forecast is built for the next 10 years:

• 1st - the risk is low, the possibility of complications is less than 15%. Treatment is prescribed only if normalization of blood pressure is not achieved due to lifestyle changes for twelve months;
• the risk of CVC 2 is medium, complications can be 15-20%. Treatment begins to be taken after half a year, if the corrected risk factors eliminated did not give the desired positive results;
• the risk of CVC grade 3 is high, the prognosis of complications is %. Reception of antihypertensive drugs is obligatory;
• the risk of CVE grade 4 - the chance of complications is very high (30% or more). It is impossible to postpone the correction of blood pressure with a medical method.

Symptoms of the 1st degree of hypertension

A feature of grade 1 hypertension is rare symptoms that disappear during remission along with normalization of blood pressure. Exacerbations most often pass without consequences.

The main complaints of patients with hypertension 1 degree:

• headache, the intensity of which increases with physical or mental stress;
• feeling of heartbeat;
• feeling of lack of sleep;
• excessive fatigue;
• noise in ears;
• occasional dizziness.

No need to ignore the initial degree of GB. After all, there is still a risk of complications. Due to circulatory disorders, metabolism suffers, nephrosclerosis gradually develops. Brain microinfarctions are not excluded.

Hypertensive disease of the 2nd degree

Over time, if the violations in the body are not corrected in time at the 1st degree of GB, it will move to the second. If this happens quickly, the disease will become malignant, which threatens even with death.

With the transition to a moderate degree, the patient's complaints expand.

There is constant fatigue, nausea, a veil before the eyes and hyperemia at the height of the rise in blood pressure, increased sweating, paresthesia.

Often there is swelling of the face, visual acuity worsens, target organs are affected. The quality of life is worsened by sudden rises in pressure (hypertensive crises).

Hypertension grade 2 risk 2

The most common diagnosis that doctors make to a patient with complaints of high blood pressure and prolonged poor health is GB 2 risk 2.

This is due to the fact that it becomes really difficult for many to ignore the manifestations of hypertension at this stage, and people go to the doctor.

The process of conducting an electrocardiogram

At the same time, the disease has a fairly advanced character. To assess the complexity of the situation, one cannot do without diagnostic examinations: ECG, ECHO-KG, general and biochemical blood tests, blood glucose, ultrasound of the kidneys and cerebral vessels, and examination by an ophthalmologist of the fundus.

Hypertension grade 2 risk 1, 2.3

The second degree of GB is a very serious diagnosis, it is even an undeniable contraindication to military service.

An integral part of the 3rd degree are hypertensive crises. They are divided into two types. The first, characteristic of young people, appears suddenly.

Accompanied by rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, migraine, flushing of the skin. The second type of crisis most often affects the older generation. Its onset is gradual. Headache, nausea, chest discomfort develops into lethargy and clouding of consciousness. Both types of crises are fraught with the development of CCO if help is not provided on time.

If you have a GC, you need to calm down, do not panic, inform the emergency doctor on duty. It is allowed to take a Captopril or Nifedipine tablet on your own until the doctor arrives. It is better not to experiment with other drugs without consulting a specialist.

Hypertension grade 3 risk 1, 2, 3, 4

They arise due to extensive damage to blood vessels, because constantly elevated blood pressure overloads their inner wall.

Because of this, the muscular membrane hypertrophies, the lumen of the arteries and capillaries narrows, and as a result, blood circulation becomes difficult. The first to suffer are the kidneys and retina, then the brain.

General well-being, vision worsens, patients see "midges" before their eyes. They are disturbed by dizziness and throbbing headaches, strength is lost in the arms and legs. Over time, memory impairment may develop up to a decrease in intellectual abilities, especially if there is a risk of grade 3-4 CVC.

One of the most dangerous moments is the occurrence of blood clots in the vessels that supply the main brain. This can lead to ischemic stroke and tragic consequences.

How to prevent hypertension 1, 2, 3 and 4 risk groups

Having understood the essence of the problem and realizing the various consequences, we will begin to consider ways out of this situation. The following are just general recommendations. In each case, only a doctor can indicate the features of treatment. There are no medications that can replace lifestyle changes.

Only by working on oneself can one avoid illness or achieve control over the disease. The first thing is:

• minimize the use of alcoholic beverages, easily digestible carbohydrates and fluids;
• quit smoking;
• exclude strongly brewed coffee and tea;
• do not add a lot of salt, hot spices to food;
• avoid stress;
• provide adequate rest and sleep.

Supplement all this, if necessary, with regular intake of prescribed antihypertensive drugs.

Related videos

About the most common complications of hypertension in the video:

Be attentive to yourself and remember that it is better to take preventive measures than to treat the disease and its consequences later.

How to beat HYPERTENSION at home?

To get rid of hypertension and clean the blood vessels, you need.

• Eliminates the causes of pressure violations
• Normalizes blood pressure within 10 minutes after taking

Hypertension grade 2 risk 3 is increasingly being diagnosed in patients who have applied for medical care to the general practitioner, referring only to the primary symptoms indicating the presence of high blood pressure. In most cases, according to the results of the examination, it is established that the patient already has a more severe degree of hypertension, which is difficult to attribute to the initial stage of its manifestation. It is such a disease that hypertension of the 2nd degree is the risk of the 3rd degree. This disease affects the vascular tissues of people of all age categories, regardless of their social status, material wealth and living conditions. What is hypertension grade 2 risk 3? If earlier men and women of advanced age, or those who were already 55 years old, suffered from high blood pressure, today the disease has become much younger and is regularly diagnosed in patients who are barely 30 years old.

Hypertension grade 2 risk 3 - what is it?

What does hypertension grade 2 risk 3 mean? This question worries the majority of patients who, after visiting a consultation with a general practitioner, were diagnosed with this. It must be understood that the classification of hypertension in this category with the assignment of 2 degrees and the possible occurrence of a risk of complications of 3, provides for the presence in the patient pathological condition of the cardiovascular system of a person, characterized by a stable presence of high blood pressure within 160 units of the tonometer indicator. This refers to the upper division of the measuring device.

Such blood pressure is difficult to stabilize with traditional drugs and folk remedies treatments that are used in most cases when a person has a hypertensive crisis. People with strong walls of blood vessels may not feel significant discomfort for a long time due to the fact that the pressure rises to 160 units and complains only of a severe headache. The last symptom can be successfully stopped by taking tableted analgesics and antispasmodics. As the main vessels lose their elasticity, the signs of hypertension intensify and more and more disturb the patient. Ultimately, all this ends with a severe hypertensive crisis with the patient's hospitalization in the inpatient department of general therapy.

Causes of hypertension grade 2 risk 3

Doctors are of the opinion that the main risk group for morbidity is people who have reached the age of 50-55 years and throughout their lives have acquired a natural deterioration of the walls of blood vessels. They have ceased to fully cope with their function of transporting blood, their valves have lost their former elasticity and the person begins to suffer from hypertension of the specified degree. In addition, there are other causative factors that lead to the development of arterial hypertension of the 2nd degree with a risk of 3, and some of them occur in patients of all age categories. The causes of this disease of the cardiovascular system are associated with the presence of the following conditions and concomitant diseases of the body:

1. Atherosclerosis of the arteries.

In a healthy state, the main blood vessels, which are the arteries, have a natural elasticity. In the event of an excessive load on their walls, they expand, and then, after the removal of stress factors, they return to their original position again. A person practically does not feel any discomfort and this is considered the norm. If for some reason the walls of the vascular tissue begin to collapse and undergo atherosclerotic changes, then the artery loses its ability to elastic behavior and the slightest nervous or physical stress causes an increase in blood pressure.

2. Heredity.

Hypertension 2 degree risk 3 refers to a group of diseases that can affect human blood vessels due to its genetic predisposition to the manifestation this disease. If the father or mother suffered from high blood pressure, then the probability that the child will have this disease is 85%. This is a very high indicator of the possible development of the disease, which cannot be ignored. The hereditary form of hypertension of this degree is very difficult to treat, since the presence of high blood pressure in the body is due to a pre-formed genetic program.

People who are overweight are several times more likely to develop hypertension grade 2 with risk 3 than a person of average build or excessively thin. The thing is that with obesity, fatty acids are released into the bloodstream, from which cholesterol plaques are formed. In fact, these are fragments of fat cells that have strayed into dense formations that settle on the walls of blood vessels and complicate the passage of blood through the body. This leads to the development of hypertension.

4. Hormonal imbalance.

A stable background of male and female sex hormones, as well as other secrets produced by the glands of the endocrine system, ensures not only that a person has an excellent mood, but also normal blood pressure. If the patient suffers from pathologies of the thyroid, pancreas, or there are diseases of the adrenal cortex, then there is an excessive release or deficiency in the synthesis of hormones, which leads to the gradual development of arterial hypertension of the 2nd degree with a risk of 3.

5. Bad habits.

The presence in the patient of such bad habits as alcohol abuse, smoking, taking drugs also destroys blood vessels and is an essential prerequisite for the development of hypertension of the appropriate degree, when the upper pressure goes off scale to 160 units and above. The longer a person's life is associated with these addictions, the greater the risk of this disease with the development of its complications.

6. Oncological formations.

We are talking about malignant formations, which, under the influence of certain negative environmental factors, led to their growth inside the main vessel. Cancer tumors most often appear in the arteries. As an extraneous neoplasm develops, a natural blockage of stable blood flow occurs and, in connection with this, the patient begins to experience symptoms indicating the presence of arterial hypertension. After the surgical intervention and removal of the tumor body, the signs of arterial hypertension completely disappear.

A great influence on the manifestation of a patient with hypertension of the 2nd degree with a risk of 3 has a diet and daily meals. When fatty foods of animal origin predominate, as well as an excessive amount of table salt, this also negatively affects the health of the heart and blood vessels. If a person does not reconsider his gastronomic preferences, then after 5-7 years the manifestation of the first signs of hypertension begins.

Disability

IT'S IMPORTANT TO KNOW!

Shocking statistics! Hypertension is the most common disease of the cardiovascular system. It has been established that 20-30% of the adult population suffers from it. With age, the prevalence of the disease increases and reaches 50-65%. The consequences of high blood pressure are known to all: these are irreversible damage to various organs (heart, brain, kidneys, blood vessels, fundus). In the later stages, coordination is disturbed, weakness in the arms and legs appears, vision deteriorates, memory and intelligence are significantly reduced, and a stroke can be triggered. In order not to lead to complications and operations, people who have learned bitter experience to reduce pressure at home use ...

After the patient undergoes a comprehensive examination of the body, the attending physician, if there are sufficient grounds, decides to send the patient for consideration by the medical commission, which includes a medical board that has the authority to draw up a conclusion on the disability of a person due to the presence of chronic disease. Hypertension 2 degree risk 3 belongs to the group of similar pathologies and the patient really has the right to receive the status of a disabled person in health. What disability group can be obtained with hypertension?

The third group of disability.

In most cases, patients are assigned a 3rd disability group, which entitles them to receive social assistance from the state based on the amount of the minimum pension. These are payments intended to ensure that a hypertensive person has the opportunity to purchase medications, allowing you to quickly remove the hypertensive crisis, or keep it under constant control by regularly taking medication. Patients with disability group 3 and arterial hypertension of degree 2 risk 3 have the right to work, but the list of types of employment is significantly limited, since there is a high probability that a person will suddenly become ill, dizzy or there will be a jump in blood pressure with further loss of consciousness.

Therefore, after receiving the status of a disabled person of the 3rd group, hypertensive patients cannot be admitted to work related to the performance of the following labor duties:

Patients with hypertension of the 2nd degree with a risk of 3, who received the status of a disabled person of the 3rd group, are recommended to lead a measured lifestyle and work in positions that balancedly combine mental activity and minor physical activity.

The second group of disability.

This disability group can also be assigned to a patient with arterial hypertension of the 2nd degree with a risk of 3, but only if, according to the results of the examination, irreversible changes were found in the tissues of the following organs:

In this case, a causal relationship must be established, indicating that the disease arose precisely because of the presence of hypertension. There must also be a significant likelihood that the patient may at any time experience an ischemic cerebral stroke, myocardial infarction, visual impairment, and the development of renal failure. The general practitioner or cardiologist indicates these risk factors in the patient's medical record and the referral sheet to the medical commission, which establishes the patient's incapacity for work with recommendations for assigning the status of a disabled person. The presence of group 2 disability excludes the opportunity to work and lead an active lifestyle. It is believed that a patient with this group can perform only the most elementary actions. The ICD code for hypertension grade 2 3 risk is 10:11.

Disease history

After the patient is admitted to the inpatient department of general therapy with a hypertensive crisis, an initial examination is carried out and, based on the symptoms present, a medical history is entered on the patient, which indicates the presence of a diagnosis in the form of hypertension of the 2nd degree with a risk of complications 3. Complaints that take place at the moment are displayed. hospitalizations. As a rule, this is a headache in the temples, a violation heart rate, tachycardia or arrhythmia, dizziness, dark circles before the eyes, nausea, vomiting.

A short-term loss of consciousness is not ruled out. At the time of blood pressure measurement, the upper reading of the tonometer is 160 units or higher. In most cases, the lower pressure is in the range of 140-150 units. The skin under the patient's eyes is edematous, obese, chills and a feverish state associated with excessive sweating are possible. After examination, the doctor prescribes for delivery biochemical analysis blood from a vein, urine. Then the primary treatment regimen is formed, aimed at the speedy removal of the hypertensive crisis. In most cases, the patient is prescribed diuretics and medications that relieve vasospasm.

Hypertension is one of the most common pathologies. According to statistics, about 30% of the Russian population suffers from high blood pressure. Stage 3 arterial hypertension is dangerous for its complications, due to high blood pressure, dysfunction of all human organs occurs. In this article, we will find out what measures need to be taken if hypertension grade 3 risk 3 is diagnosed, what is it, possible symptoms and treatment of hypertension.

A bit of anatomy

What is stage III hypertension? This is a disease characterized by an increase in blood pressure, above normal. The causes of stage 3 arterial hypertension lie in the violation of the tone of the blood vessels. Both women and men over 40 are equally affected by high blood pressure problems.

There are three stages in the development of hypertension.

1 degree. The first stage of hypertension is accompanied by periodic rises in blood pressure. The human condition is normalized without outside help. Preventive measures and adherence to a therapeutic diet help stabilize blood pressure numbers.

2 degree. It is characterized by a frequent increase in pressure. To cope with this form of hypertension is possible only with the help of medications.

3 degree. Stage 3 hypertension is considered the most serious, as it affects target organs, these include: kidneys, heart, retina and brain. Elevated cholesterol aggravates the situation, atherosclerotic plaques form on the vascular walls and vasoconstriction occurs. As a result, this leads to negative consequences.

There is a risk of serious diseases - acute heart failure, atherosclerosis, stroke and myocardial infarction.

In more detail, we will focus on stage III hypertension. Arterial hypertension of this form is characterized by an increase in blood pressure numbers, they are above 180 to 110 mm Hg. These blood pressure figures are considered fatal for humans. However, the body adapts to adverse conditions, and if pressure indicators are controlled, timely drug treatment, strictly follow the recommendations of the attending physician, the probability of death is reduced to zero.

Etiology

The main reason for the formation of stage 3 hypertension is neglect of one's health. Since timely treatment of the initial manifestations of the disease, it helps to prevent the occurrence of stage 3 risk 3.

Auxiliary risk factors include:

• stress, constant overexertion;
• hereditary predisposition;
• food products with a high content of substances harmful to human health;
• kidney dysfunction. Violation of the kidneys leads to the accumulation of excess fluid in the body;
• high cholesterol;
• people over 40;
• inactive lifestyle;
• excess weight;
• diabetes;
• bad habits.

Hypertension 3 degree risk 3 what is it? Pathology is expressed in two types of risks - III and IV (the number of risk factors that contributed to the development of the disease). In stage 3 hypertension, the risk of cardiovascular complications (CVS) is approximately 20%. With hypertension of the third stage, risk 4, there is a threat of damage to important human organs by 30% or more. Depending on which organ has undergone pathological changes the most due to high pressure, the 3rd degree risk can cause the following pathologies: retinopathy, stroke, kidney failure, atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysm dissection, or myocardial infarction.

Symptoms of hypertension stage 3

Signs of high blood pressure are hard to miss, because they are pronounced, cause a sharp sensation and malaise. The main symptom is the critical value of blood pressure, which is provoked by other manifestations of the pathology.

Arterial hypertension grade 3 risk 3 is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• severe pain in the region of the heart;
• sleepy state;
• memory impairment;
• chills accompanied by perspiration;
• redness of the skin of the neck and face;
• not passing impulsive pain in the back of the head;
• swelling of the legs;
• feelings of anxiety and fear;
• frequent dizziness;
• darkening in the eyes;
• vomit;
• sensitivity in the fingers and toes is reduced.

Launched hypertension of the third degree contributes to the formation of malfunctions of the internal organs. Patients who are diagnosed with such a diagnosis are awarded group 2 disability. 1 disability group is given for hypertension of 3 degrees, risk 3, if the patient has a complete decrease in working capacity.

Treatment of hypertension stage 3 risk 4

Patients with a diagnosis of hypertension grade 3 risk 4 require immediate antihypertensive therapy, it involves the reduction of elevated blood pressure values, with the help of medications, without affecting the root cause of the formation of stage 3 arterial hypertension.

Modern medicine has a huge range of medicines for the treatment of pathology.

Medicines are divided into several categories depending on the principle of the mechanism of action on the human body:

Important! It is necessary to lower blood pressure gradually, a sharp decrease in indicators is life-threatening.

For grade 3 hypertension, treatment with drugs should be combined with a diet table No. 10. During the rehabilitation period, you should give up cigarettes, reduce fluid intake to a liter per day, and follow the daily routine. Treatment of high blood pressure should be complex, therapy is selected individually for each patient. For effective treatment hypertension stage 3 risk 3 the doctor takes into account concomitant diseases and prescribes drugs that increase the therapeutic effect.

Hypertension of the 3rd stage of the 3rd degree is difficult to treat. The drug regimen is determined by the doctor, usually a couple of complementary drugs that need to be taken once a day, strictly at a certain time. The drugs regulate blood pressure and keep it normal between doses.

Preventive measures

In hypertension stage 3 risk 4, the first place among the complications is myocardial infarction. Therefore, in order to avoid negative consequences, the following rules must be observed:

1. Regular performance of breathing, restorative and relaxing gymnastics, at a moderate pace, no more than 20 minutes a day.
2. Completely eliminate the possibility of stressful situations.
3. Full sleep, more than 8 hours. You need to go to bed at the same time, preferably at 22.00.
4. Long stay in the fresh air, evening half-hour walks before going to bed.
5. Give up bad habits once and for all.
6. Control of pressure indicators.
7. Seeing a cardiologist.
8. A balanced diet, with the complete exclusion of fried, smoked, spicy and salty foods.
9. Decoctions from medicinal plants (rose hips, hawthorn flowers, motherwort, blackcurrant, viburnum).
10. Neck massage.

Therapeutic diet for high blood pressure

Arterial hypertension stage 3 risk 3 is a rather serious disease, so it is necessary to adhere to a therapeutic diet. To stabilize the pressure indicators, the following recommendations will help you:

• a complete rejection of table salt or a limiting reduction in its amount in food, about 5 grams. in a day;
• increase in food of plant origin, especially with a significant content of protein (beans, vegetables, fruits);
• reducing the consumption of animal fats, especially those with high cholesterol content.

Food at high pressure

A balanced diet rich in nutrients and minerals will help normalize blood pressure and significantly improve overall well-being. Smoked, fried, spicy foods, hard cheeses - experts advise completely excluding people suffering from high blood pressure from the diet of this list of products.

The menu should include dried fruits and dairy products.

It is desirable to increase the consumption of buckwheat, wheat and rice groats. Regular consumption of foods containing potassium, calcium, phosphorus and vitamins C, E, B contributes to the normalization of pressure. With stage 3 hypertension, risk 3, drinks that increase blood pressure should be permanently excluded.

Arterial hypertension of the 3rd degree deserves increased attention, both from the patient and from his relatives. People suffering from high blood pressure require special care and complete rest. The slightest unrest and deviation in nutrition can provoke a number of disastrous consequences. In this case, it is better to prevent their occurrence than, at best, to remain disabled for life.

In contact with

under the term " arterial hypertension", "arterial hypertension"is understood as the syndrome of increased blood pressure (BP) in hypertension and symptomatic arterial hypertension.

It should be emphasized that the semantic difference in terms " hypertension" And " hypertension"practically none. As follows from the etymology, hyper - from Greek over, over - a prefix indicating excess of the norm; tensio - from Latin. - stress; tonos - from Greek. - stress. Thus, the terms "hypertension" and " "hypertension" essentially means the same thing - "overstress".

Historically (since the time of G.F. Lang), it has developed so that in Russia the term "hypertension" and, accordingly, "arterial hypertension" are used, in foreign literature the term " arterial hypertension".

Hypertensive disease (AH) is commonly understood as a chronic disease, the main manifestation of which is the syndrome of arterial hypertension, not associated with the presence of pathological processes, in which an increase in blood pressure (BP) is due to known, in many cases, eliminated causes ("symptomatic arterial hypertension") (Recommendations of VNOK, 2004).

Classification of arterial hypertension

I. Stages of hypertension:

• Hypertension (AH) stage I suggests the absence of changes in the "target organs".
• Hypertension (AH) stage II is established in the presence of changes from one or more "target organs".
• Hypertension (AH) stage III established in the presence of associated clinical conditions.

II. Degrees of arterial hypertension:

The degrees of arterial hypertension (Blood pressure (BP) levels) are presented in Table 1. If the values ​​of systolic Arterial pressure (BP) and diastolic Arterial pressure (BP) fall into different categories, then a higher degree of arterial hypertension (AH) is established. The most accurate degree of Arterial hypertension (AH) can be established in the case of newly diagnosed Arterial hypertension (AH) and in patients not taking antihypertensive drugs.

Table number 1. Definition and classification of blood pressure (BP) levels (mm Hg)

III. Criteria for risk stratification of patients with hypertension:

I. Risk factors:

a) Basic:
- men > 55 years old - women > 65 years old
- smoking.

b) Dyslipidemia
TC > 6.5 mmol/L (250 mg/dL)
HDLR > 4.0 mmol/L (> 155 mg/dL)
HSLPV

c) (in women

G) abdominal obesity: waist circumference > 102 cm for men or > 88 cm for women

e) C-reactive protein:
> 1 mg/dl)

e):

- Sedentary lifestyle
- Increased fibrinogen

g) Diabetes:
- Fasting blood glucose > 7 mmol/l (126 mg/dl)
- Blood glucose after a meal or 2 hours after ingestion of 75 g glucose > 11 mmol/L (198 mg/dL)

II. Target organ damage (stage 2 hypertension):

a) Left ventricular hypertrophy:
ECG: Sokolov-Lyon sign> 38 mm;
Cornell product > 2440 mm x ms;
EchoCG: LVMI > 125 g/m 2 for men and > 110 g/m 2 for women
Rg-graphy chest- cardio-thoracic index>50%

b) (thickness of the intima-media layer of the carotid artery >

in)

G) microalbuminuria: 30-300 mg/day; urinary albumin/creatinine ratio > 22 mg/g (2.5 mg/mmol) for men and >

III. Associated (comorbid) clinical conditions (stage 3 hypertension)

but) Main:
- men > 55 years old - women > 65 years old
- smoking

b) Dyslipidemia:
TC > 6.5 mmol/L (> 250 mg/dL)
or CHLDL > 4.0 mmol/L (> 155 mg/dL)
or HSLVP

in) Family history of early cardiovascular disease(among women

G) abdominal obesity: waist circumference > 102 cm for men or > 88 cm for women

e) C-reactive protein:
> 1 mg/dl)

e) Additional risk factors that negatively affect the prognosis of a patient with arterial hypertension(AG):
- Impaired glucose tolerance
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Increased fibrinogen

g) Left ventricular hypertrophy
ECG: Sokolov-Lyon sign> 38 mm;
Cornell product > 2440 mm x ms;
EchoCG: LVMI > 125 g/m 2 for men and > 110 g/m 2 for women
Rg-graphy of the chest - cardio-thoracic index> 50%

h) Ultrasound signs of thickening of the artery wall(thickness of the carotid intima-media layer >0.9 mm) or atherosclerotic plaques

And) Slight increase in serum creatinine 115-133 µmol/L (1.3-1.5 mg/dL) for men or 107-124 µmol/L (1.2-1.4 mg/dL) for women

to) microalbuminuria: 30-300 mg/day; urinary albumin/creatinine ratio > 22 mg/g (2.5 mg/mmol) for men and > 31 mg/g (3.5 mg/mmol) for women

l) Cerebrovascular disease:
Ischemic stroke
Hemorrhagic stroke
Transient cerebrovascular accident

m) heart disease:
myocardial infarction
angina pectoris
Coronary revascularization
Congestive heart failure

m) kidney disease:
diabetic nephropathy
Renal failure (serum creatinine > 133 µmol/L (> 5 mg/dL) for men or > 124 µmol/L (> 1.4 mg/dL) for women
Proteinuria (>300 mg/day)

about) Peripheral artery disease:
Dissecting aortic aneurysm
Symptomatic peripheral arterial disease

P) Hypertensive retinopathy:
Hemorrhages or exudates
Optic nerve edema

Table number 3. Risk stratification of patients with arterial hypertension (AH)

Abbreviations in the table below:
HP - low risk,
UR - moderate risk,
VS - high risk.

Abbreviations in the table above:
HP - low risk of arterial hypertension,
UR - moderate risk of arterial hypertension,
VS - high risk of arterial hypertension.