Furadonin 50 mg for children. The results of the use of furadonin avexima in urinary tract and kidney infections

tablets

Owner/Registrar

AVEKSIMA JSC

International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10)

Pharmacological group

Antibacterial drug, a derivative of nitrofuran. Uroantiseptic

pharmachologic effect

Antimicrobial agent, a derivative of the nitrofuran group, primarily for the treatment of urinary tract infections. Violates the synthesis of proteins in bacteria and the permeability of the cell membrane. Active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Shigella dysenteria spp., Shigella flexneri spp., Shigella boydii spp., Shigella sonnei spp., Escherichia coli, Proteus spp.).

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is good. Bioavailability - 50% (food increases bioavailability). The absorption rate depends on the size of the crystals (the microcrystalline form is characterized by rapid solubility and absorption rate, a short time to reach Cmax in the urine). Communication with plasma proteins - 60%.

Metabolized in the liver and muscle tissue. T 1/2 - 20-25 min. Penetrates through the placenta, BBB, excreted from breast milk. It is excreted completely by the kidneys (30-50% - unchanged).

Bacterial urinary tract infections (pyelitis, pyelonephritis, urethritis, cystitis);

Prevention of infections during urological operations or examinations (cystoscopy, catheterization, etc.).

Hypersensitivity;

Chronic kidney failure;

Heart failure II-III stage;

Cirrhosis of the liver;

chronic hepatitis;

Deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase;

Acute porphyria;

Pregnancy;

lactation period;

Childhood up to 3 years.

Nausea, vomiting, allergic reactions(lupus-like syndrome, arthralgia, myalgia, anaphylaxis, chills, eosinophilia, rash), dizziness, headache, asthenia, nystagmus, drowsiness, interstitial changes in the lungs, broncho-obstructive syndrome, fever, cough, pain in chest, hepatitis, cholestatic syndrome, peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis, pseudomembranous enterocolitis, rarely - abdominal pain, diarrhea.

Overdose

Symptoms: vomit.

Treatment: taking a large amount of liquid leads to an increase in the excretion of the drug in the urine. effective dialysis.

special instructions

The effect of the drug on the performance of potentially hazardous activities that require special attention and quick reactions

During the period of treatment, care must be taken when driving vehicles and engaging in other potentially hazardous activities that require an increased concentration of attention and speed of psychomotor reactions (with the appearance of dizziness and drowsiness).

With kidney failure

The use of the drug in patients with chronic renal failure is contraindicated.

In violation of the functions of the liver

The use of the drug in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and chronic hepatitis is contraindicated.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

The use of the drug during pregnancy and during breastfeeding is contraindicated.

drug interaction

The simultaneous use of nalidixic acid and antacids containing magnesium trisilicate reduces the antibacterial effect. Incompatibility with fluoroquinolones. Drugs that block tubular secretion reduce the antibacterial effect (by reducing the concentration of nitrofurantoin in the urine) and increase the toxicity (increased concentration in the blood) of the drug.

Inside, drinking plenty of water, adults- 0.1-0.15 g, 3-4 times / day; children- at the rate of 5-8 mg / kg / day, daily dose divided into 4 doses. Higher doses for adults: single - 0.3 g, daily - 0.6 g.

For acute infections urinary tract duration of treatment - 7-10 days.

Preventive, anti-relapse treatment lasts, depending on the nature of the disease, from 3 to 12 months. The daily dose in this case is 1-2 mg/kg.

Storage conditions and shelf life

The drug should be stored in a dry, dark place and out of the reach of children at a temperature not exceeding 25°C. Shelf life - 4 years. Do not use the drug after the expiration date.

"Furadonin Avexima" is a therapeutic agent of synthetic origin with a wide range of effects. The drug is able to stop, slow down the growth and development of pathogenic bacteria, due to bactericidal and bacteriostatic actions. The instructions for use of "Furadonin Avexima" 50 mg say that this is due to the influence on the processes of protein synthesis, after which they die.

Release form and composition

The active ingredient in Furadonin Avexima is nitrofurantoin. As additional substances in the manufacture, colloidal silicon dioxide, potato starch and calcium stearate are added.

This drug is made in the form of tablets, powder and suspension for the preparation of syrup. In the form of tablets, the agent is coated with a special coating that dissolves in the intestines. The drug is packaged in 10, 20, 30, 40 or 50 tablets.

Pharmacological properties

The instructions for use of "Furadonin Avexima" (Furadonin Avexima) say that the drug does not apply to antibiotics.

The drug belongs to the group of nitrofurans. Bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties disrupt the process of protein synthesis in bacteria and cell membranes. The drug is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is especially effective in the treatment of infectious diseases of the urinary system.

Indications for use

The instructions for use of "Furadonin Avexima" 50 mg and other forms describe the diseases and reasons for which it is worth starting treatment with the drug.

These include:

• Diseases of the urinary system (pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis, pyelitis).
• With surgical urological interventions, cystoscopy. When setting catheters, it is used for prophylactic purposes.

The drug should not be taken on its own, it must be prescribed by the attending physician.

Contraindications

• high sensitivity to the components of the agent;
• chronic renal failure;
• chronic insufficiency of the cardiovascular system of the second and third degree;
• liver damage (cirrhosis);
• porphyria in acute form;
• chronic hepatitis.

Doctors also note that the drug is forbidden to be taken during the period of bearing a child or while breastfeeding. For children, it can only be used from the 32nd day of life.

Dosage and regimen

The instructions for use of "Furadonin Avexima" 50 mg and other forms say that the drug must be taken with a sufficient amount of liquid without gas after eating. The taste of the medicine is bitter and it is not recommended to chew it.

For an adult, the daily dosage should not exceed 1.5 g, and the single dose should not exceed 0.4 g. The drug is taken 3 or 4 times a day, depending on the type of disease.

In the treatment of uncomplicated diseases infectious nature, the medicine is taken 45 mg 3 times in 24 hours.

In the treatment of urological diseases, the remedy is used for six or ten days. In the absence of positive results, it is considered inappropriate to continue treatment. The attending physician in this case will replace the drug.

For preventive purposes, "Furadonin Avexima" is taken at 1 or 2 mg per 1000 g of patient weight. The duration and number of appointments in 24 hours is determined by the doctor.

The use of funds by children

According to the instructions for the use of "Furadonin", doses are prescribed at 4 or 6 mg per 1000 g of weight in 24 hours. The daily dosage should be divided into 4 parts and taken after meals with plenty of water. At long-term treatment it is recommended to use a dosage of 1 mg per 1000 g of body weight 1 time in 24 hours.

In the treatment of cystitis, the drug is prescribed by a pediatrician. He also individually calculates the dosage, duration of treatment and daily rate. "Furadonin Avexima" helps with acute and chronic forms.

During the entire treatment, it is better to eat protein foods. This is due to the fact that the drug has a better effect on the body in an acidic environment.

Side effects

Upon receipt of this medicinal product side effects may occur.

These include:

• allergic reactions in the form of a rash, Quincke's edema, chills, etc.;
• respiratory problems (cough, soreness in thoracic region, asthma attacks, pulmonary infarcts, etc.);
• nausea, vomiting, diarrhea;
• headache, drowsiness and dizziness;
• disturbances in the work of the hematopoietic system;
• arthralgia, myalgia, fever dosage form and anaphylaxis.

When data is found side effects urgent need to seek medical attention.

Overdose

If, when taking "Furadonin Avexima" 50 mg (tbl 20) or other forms, the dosage was exceeded, then the patient may develop vomiting with discharge of the contents of the stomach. In this case, you need to contact medical professionals. effective dialysis. It is also necessary to consume an increased amount of liquid without gas and sugar, this will help to remove excess drug in the urine.

Analogues

Currently, there are no structurally similar drugs, but there are drugs that are similar in the mechanism of action on the body.

These include:

• Furagin.
• "Furamag".
• Furazidin.
• "Furasol".

Before using analogs, you should consult with your doctor.

In this article, you can read the instructions for use medicinal product Furadonin. Reviews of site visitors - consumers of this medicine, as well as opinions of doctors of specialists on the use of Furadonin in their practice are presented. A big request to actively add your reviews about the drug: did the medicine help or not help get rid of the disease, what complications and side effects were observed, perhaps not declared by the manufacturer in the annotation. Furadonin analogues in the presence of existing structural analogues. Use for the treatment of cystitis and pyelonephritis in adults, children, as well as during pregnancy and lactation.

Furadonin- a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, a derivative of nitrofuran. It has a bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect in urinary tract infections. Nitrofurantoin (active ingredient of Furadonin) is active against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp.

Effective mainly in urinary tract infections.

Pharmacokinetics

Well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Bioavailability is 50% (food increases bioavailability). Metabolized in the liver and muscle tissue. Penetrates through the blood-brain barrier, placental barrier, excreted in breast milk. It is excreted completely by the kidneys (30-50% - unchanged).

Indications

• infectious and inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract (including pyelonephritis, cystitis) caused by microorganisms sensitive to nitrofurantoin.

Release form

Tablets 50 mg and 100 mg.

Instructions for use and dosage

The dose for adults is 50-100 mg, the frequency of use is 4 times a day. The daily dose for children is 5-7 mg / kg in 4 divided doses. The duration of the course of treatment is 7 days. If necessary, it is possible to continue treatment for another 3 days (only after urine control for sterility). When conducting long-term maintenance treatment, the dose of nitrofurantoin should be reduced.

Side effect

• chest pain;
• cough;
• dyspnea;
• pulmonary infiltrates;
• attack bronchial asthma in patients with a history of asthma;
• feeling of discomfort in the epigastrium;
• anorexia;
• nausea, vomiting;
• stomach ache;
• diarrhea;
• peripheral neuropathy;
• headache;
• dizziness;
• drowsiness;
• leukopenia, granulocytopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, megaloblastic anemia (these changes are reversible);
• hives;
• angioedema;
• skin itching;
• rash;
• anaphylactic shock (very rare);
• medicinal fever;
• arthralgia;
• possible flu-like symptoms;
• superinfection of the genitourinary tract, often caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Contraindications

• severe violations of the excretory function of the kidneys;
• kidney failure;
• oliguria;
• insufficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase;
• pregnancy;
• early childhood (up to 1 month);
• hypersensitivity to nitrofurantoin;
• heart failure stage 2-3;
• cirrhosis of the liver;
• chronic hepatitis;
• acute porphyria;
• lactation.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

Furadonin is contraindicated for use during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding).

special instructions

The risk of developing peripheral neuropathy increases in patients with anemia, diabetes mellitus, electrolyte imbalance, vitamin B deficiency, severe renal failure.

Furadonin should not be used to treat diseases of the cortex of the kidneys, with purulent paranephritis and prostatitis. Nitrofurantoin is not prescribed in combination with drugs that cause impaired renal function.

drug interaction

The simultaneous use of nalidixic acid and antacids containing magnesium trisilicate reduces the antibacterial effect of Furadonin.

Nitrofurantoin is incompatible with fluoroquinolones.

With simultaneous use of drugs that block tubular secretion, reduce the antibacterial effect of nitrofurantoin (by reducing the concentration of nitrofurantoin in the urine) and increase its toxicity (increased concentration in the blood).

Analogues of the drug Furadonin

The drug Furadonin has no structural analogues for the active substance.

Analogues for the effect ( antibacterial drugs, derivatives of nitrofuran):

• Furagin;
• Furazidin;
• Furamag;
• Furasol.

In the absence of analogues of the drug for the active substance, you can follow the links below to the diseases that the corresponding drug helps with and see the available analogues for the therapeutic effect.

Furadonin Avexima is a pharmacological agent based on the chemical compound nitrofuran. This suggests that this medicine does not belong to the group of antibiotics. Nitrofuran has a complex effect on pathogenic microorganisms - it not only prevents their further reproduction, but also destroys protein bonds inside bacterial cells, and also makes their membrane walls much thinner, so that the disease can be cured faster and more efficiently.

Bladder tablets Furadonin are also actively used to treat infectious and inflammatory processes in other organs, including the urethra and kidneys. It is known that such common pathogens as staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus, Escherichia coli and many others are exposed to the destructive effect of the drug.

Once in the stomach, the tablet begins to be actively absorbed by its walls, further splitting in the liver and muscle tissue. However, the withdrawal of the active substance is carried out mainly with urine. This is a significant advantage of the drug, because thanks to this, the drug acts directly on the problem area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe human body.

You need to know that if the urine is excessively acidic, the effectiveness of the remedy will drop significantly. That is why during treatment it is highly recommended to increase the amount of protein consumed, as it reduces the acidity of the urine, which is what needs to be achieved. It goes without saying that the introduction of food rich in vegetable and animal proteins into the diet will be carried out exclusively by the attending physician, taking into account the current state of the patient's health and the characteristics of his body.

2

A significant advantage of this drug is its high level of safety regarding negligible effects on the human body. Given this fact, it is not surprising that today Furadonin is prescribed by the vast majority of specialized specialists - urologists, gynecologists, etc.

How to take Furadonin 50 mg or 100 mg? This drug is rightly considered optimal for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Bladder. Here's what you need to know:

• the maximum allowable dosage is 3 or 4 tablets of 100 mg per day, or 5-6 tablets of 50 mg. If the situation is not too favorable, the attending physician may, as an exception, but only for a short period, increase the dosage to 600 mg per day;
• if acute forms of diseases of all organs of the genitourinary system, with the exception of the bladder, can be treated with this drug for many months, then in the case of cystitis, one week is enough. If after the expiration of this period no positive results have been achieved, then such therapy is considered inappropriate, and therefore undergoes a significant adjustment, with the replacement of Furadonin with another drug;
• it is strongly recommended to take the tablets with a small amount of water (you can also use juices, milk, etc.), while combining the time of taking with food. This will help avoid negative reactions from the gastrointestinal tract.

Furadonin is never prescribed as the main drug for patients diagnosed with inflammation of the prostate gland.

Prostatitis, even if it is in stable remission, is an important contraindication. To solve this problem, Furadonin is replaced with another drug, or is prescribed in combination with other drugs.

What medicine Furadonin helps best of all? These are not only various diseases of the urinary system. This drug is extremely effective as a prophylactic. This is especially true for chronic cystitis in women, the signs of which are different than. In this case, the duration of therapy can be from three months to six months. It goes without saying that only a doctor will draw up a treatment schedule. Also in this case, the daily rate of the medication taken is noticeably reduced - it should not exceed 50 mg.

3

As mentioned above, Furadonin is predominantly excreted in the urine, which means that a significant amount of the active substance enters the kidneys. Accordingly, pathologies such as acute and chronic renal failure, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, etc., are contraindications to the use of the drug. Such diseases are not only guaranteed to worsen the therapeutic effect of Furadonin treatment, since there will not be enough accumulation of the active component in the urine, but they can also provoke the appearance of various complications.

There are other direct contraindications:

• liver disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis);
• pregnancy and lactation (in the latter case, nitrofuran penetrates the placenta, which is why it is concentrated in milk);
• individual intolerance to the components of the tablets, which can provoke the development of allergic reactions;
• significant cardiovascular pathologies, for example, heart failure, coronary heart disease or severe hypertension;
• oliguria i.

With caution and only under the supervision of the attending physician, tablets should be taken by patients suffering from various systemic diseases, for example, diabetes mellitus. The same applies to patients with vitamin B deficiency and anemia. There are concerns and conditions in which electrolyte imbalance is possible.

Despite the fact that Furadonin is a relatively safe drug, it is not prescribed for children under three years of age. If there is a special need for this, then the remedy is replaced by other drugs that are similar in their action.

4

Given the unique composition of Furadonin (and this despite the fact that it contains only one active ingredient), today there are no structural analogues of the drug.

However, for the treatment of the inflammatory process in the bladder, a number of effective pharmacological agents with a similar effect are suitable:

• Furasol - powder for local and systemic treatment. It is used to treat infectious lesions of the urinary system. An important advantage is that it can be combined with antibiotics, and in this case, there is an increase in the therapeutic effect;
• Furagin is the analogue closest to Furadonin. It has the same effect and contraindications. Can be used to treat both chronic and acute cystitis;
• Furazidin is also nitrofuran, which means that this agent has an antimicrobial and antibacterial effect. It is forbidden to use it for pregnant and lactating women. Can be used to treat gynecological diseases;
• Furamag is another popular analogue. Available in the form of capsules, can be used from the age of three. It is strongly not recommended to combine this drug with drugs based on calcium chloride, as well as ascorbic acid, since they increase the acidity of urine, and therefore reduce the effectiveness of the main drug.

5 Special instructions

The drug can cause certain side effects, expressed in impaired concentration, sudden weakness, dizziness and drowsiness. Accordingly, when treating with Furadonin, it is advisable not to perform actions related to driving a vehicle, operating complex equipment or machines, etc.

It is strictly forbidden to drink alcohol throughout the course of treatment with this pharmacological agent. Otherwise, intoxication of the body is possible, which will lead to significant side effects, with an increase in the load on the kidneys and other organs of the urinary system.

Instructions for the use of Furadonin for cystitis does not contain information about a possible change in the composition, consistency and color of urine. In reality, this can happen. In some cases, there is a discharge of urine of a more saturated yellow tint than before the start of therapy. This situation is not considered a pathology, respectively, does not require any treatment. After the end of the therapeutic course, normal urine parameters are restored independently.

The drug "Furadonin Avexima"

People who periodically suffer from diseases of the urinary organs, most likely, know the drug "Furadonin" from which it helps. It belongs to antimicrobial agents, which is considered one of the most effective in the treatment of urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, etc.

For the prevention and treatment of cystitis, our readers recommend Father George's Monastery tea. It consists of 16 beneficial medicinal herbs that are extremely effective in the treatment of cystitis, inflammation of the bladder and urinary tract diseases.

Furadonin tablets belong to a group of synthetic drugs, the therapeutic effect of which is due to the active substance nitrofurantoin. The component has an antimicrobial effect on a number of pathogenic bacteria that can cause infectious processes in the urinary tract.

After entering the organs of the urinary system, "Furadonin Avexima" immediately begins its active action. It destroys microbes, as a result of which the inflammatory process begins to fade, and spasm and pain go away with it. After a few days of use, patients notice a noticeable improvement in their health.

What diseases is it prescribed for?

Furadonin has the following indications for use:

"Furasol" is available in powder form for internal and local administration. Like Furadonin, it treats infectious diseases of the urinary organs. Due to its antiseptic action, this medication can also be used to treat wounds. It should not be used by patients under the age of four, as well as people suffering from allergic reactions and dermatitis. It belongs to low-toxic drugs, so nothing is known about cases of overdose from taking it. With the simultaneous use of "Furasol" and antibiotics, the therapeutic effect of both drugs is enhanced.

"Furagin" is the most popular substitute for "Furadonin" in the treatment of urinary tract infections. The remedy is prescribed both in the acute period of the course of the disease, and in chronic forms. Uroantiseptic can not be used for renal, hepatic insufficiency, in childhood up to a year. Patients suffering from glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency should not use it.

"Furazidin" also refers to nitrofurans, which has anti-infective and antimicrobial effects. It is used both for the treatment of urinary organs and gynecological infections. The drug should not be used in patients under the age of 4 years. Pregnant and lactating women should also not use the medication.

"Furamag" in composition and method of exposure is no different from the above drugs. It is available in the form of capsules intended for oral and topical administration. It can be used from the age of three. It is not recommended to take "Furamag" together with ascorbic acid and calcium chloride preparations at the same time, as they have an "acidifying" effect on urine.

Which of the above drugs in the treatment of cystitis and other diseases genitourinary system use, only the attending specialist should decide.

Antimicrobial agent, a derivative of the nitrofuran group, primarily for the treatment of urinary tract infections. Violates the synthesis of proteins in bacteria and the permeability of the cell membrane. Active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Shigella dysenteria spp., Shigella flexneri spp., Shigella boydii spp., Shigella sonnei spp., Escherichia coli, Proteus spp.).

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is good. Bioavailability - 50% (food increases bioavailability). The absorption rate depends on the size of the crystals (the microcrystalline form is characterized by rapid solubility and absorption rate, a short time to reach Cmax in the urine). Communication with plasma proteins - 60%.

Metabolized in the liver and muscle tissue. T 1/2 - 20-25 min. Penetrates through the placenta, BBB, excreted in breast milk. It is excreted completely by the kidneys (30-50% - unchanged).

Release form

Tablets of yellow or yellow color with a greenish tinge, flat-cylindrical.

Excipients: potato starch - 46.15 mg, colloidal silicon dioxide (aerosil) - 2 mg, stearic acid - 1 mg, polysorbate 80 (tween 80) - 0.85 mg.

10 pieces. - non-cell packing contour.
10 pieces. - cellular contour packings (1) - packs of cardboard.
10 pieces. - cellular contour packings (2) - packs of cardboard.
10 pieces. - cellular contour packings (3) - packs of cardboard.
10 pieces. - cellular contour packings (4) - packs of cardboard.
10 pieces. - cellular contour packings (5) - packs of cardboard.
20 pcs. - cellular contour packings (1) - packs of cardboard.
20 pcs. - jars of dark glass (1) - packs of cardboard.

Dosage

Inside, drinking plenty of water, adults - 0.1-0.15 g, 3-4 times / day; children - at the rate of 5-8 mg / kg / day, the daily dose is divided into 4 doses. Higher doses for adults: single - 0.3 g, daily - 0.6 g.

In acute urinary tract infections, the duration of treatment is 7-10 days.

Preventive, anti-relapse treatment continues, depending on the nature of the disease, from 3 to 12 months. The daily dose in this case is 1-2 mg/kg.

Overdose

Symptoms: vomiting.

Treatment: taking a large amount of liquid leads to an increase in the excretion of the drug in the urine. effective dialysis.

Interaction

The simultaneous use of nalidixic acid and antacids containing magnesium trisilicate reduces the antibacterial effect. Incompatibility with fluoroquinolones. Drugs that block tubular secretion reduce the antibacterial effect (by reducing the concentration of nitrofurantoin in the urine) and increase the toxicity (increased concentration in the blood) of the drug.

• hypersensitivity;
• chronic renal failure;
• heart failure II-III stage;
• cirrhosis of the liver;
• chronic hepatitis;
• deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase;
• acute porphyria;
• pregnancy;
• lactation period;
• children's age up to 3 years.

special instructions

Use during pregnancy and lactation

Application for violations of liver function

Application for violations of kidney function

Use in children

It is forbidden to use the drug in children under the age of 3 years.

For children older than 3 years, the dose is prescribed at the rate of 5-8 mg / kg / day, the daily dose is divided into 4 doses.

special instructions

The effect of the drug on the performance of potentially hazardous activities that require special attention and quick reactions

During the period of treatment, care must be taken when driving vehicles and engaging in other potentially hazardous activities that require an increased concentration of attention and speed of psychomotor reactions (with the appearance of dizziness and drowsiness).

Pharmacodynamics

Antimicrobial agent, a derivative of the nitrofuran group, primarily for the treatment of urinary tract infections. Violates the synthesis of proteins in bacteria and the permeability of the cell membrane. Active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Shigella dysenteria spp., Shigella flexneri spp., Shigella boydii spp., Shigella sonnei spp., Escherichia coli., Proteus spp.).

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is good. Bioavailability - 50% (food increases bioavailability). The absorption rate depends on the size of the crystals (the microcrystalline form is characterized by rapid solubility and absorption rate, a short time to reach the maximum concentration in the urine). Communication with plasma proteins - 60%. Metabolized in the liver and muscle tissue. The half-life is 20-25 minutes. Penetrates through the placenta, the blood-brain barrier, excreted in breast milk. It is excreted completely by the kidneys (30-50% - unchanged).

J.01.X.E.01 Nitrofurantoin

4 years.

Do not use after the expiry date stated on the packaging.