Leaf-like fibroadenoma of the breast and its unpredictability. How is fibroadenoma foliaceus treated in the breast Fibroadenoma foliaceus in pregnant women

Neoplasms in the mammary gland appear as a result of improper development of its tissues. Breast condition is related to the ratio of sex hormones in a woman's body. During various periods of her life, associated with reproductive processes, hormonal changes are inevitable, which increases the risk of tumors. Some of them are benign in nature, but the possibility of malignant degeneration is not excluded. Such tumors include, for example, leaf-shaped fibroadenoma of the mammary gland. It is removed surgically.

Content:

What is foliar fibroadenoma

Phylloid (leaf-like) fibroadenoma is formed due to abnormal growth of the connective (fibrous) and glandular tissues of the milk ducts and lobes. Fibroadenoma is a dense nodule, consisting mainly of fibrous fibers and a small amount of glandular epithelium.

The body of the leaf-shaped tumor is divided into separate cystic cavities resembling slits or leaves. Each of them is filled with a jelly-like mass. Polyps grow on the inner side of the walls of large cavities.

Such a node easily moves under the skin when probed, which is different from a cancerous tumor. The peculiarity is that this neoplasm can degenerate into a sarcoma (malignant tumor). In women, leaf-shaped fibroadenoma of the breast is found mainly during puberty (at 11-20 years old) or age-related inhibition of the reproductive organs (with menopause, at 40-55 years old). In rare cases, the disease also occurs in women of reproductive age.

Most often, fibroadenomas with a diameter of 1-7 cm are found. But there are cases when the tumor grows up to 35-45 cm, and its weight reaches 6 kg. The nature of the neoplasm does not depend on the size. Even a small tumor can quickly turn into cancer. At the same time, a large tumor is often benign.

According to the degree of danger, such fibroadenoma is divided into the following forms:

  • benign;
  • malignant;
  • intermediate (or borderline).

It is possible to form a single seal, as well as several at the same time, even at once in both glands.

The development of the tumor continues for years. After discovery, it can take 10 years before it begins to grow under the influence of any factors leading to a sudden shift in hormonal levels. The appearance and development of a tumor is facilitated by a sharp increase in the level of estrogen in the body or a decrease in the level of progesterone.

The leaf-shaped form of fibroadenoma is less common than the others. Malignant degeneration is observed in approximately 10% of cases.

Video: Breast fibroadenoma symptoms, causes, diagnostic methods

Causes of leaf-shaped tumor

The formation and growth of breast fibroadenoma is promoted by factors that lead to a significant change in the hormonal background. These include:

  1. abortion. After them, there is a sharp drop in the level of progesterone, which was intensively produced to maintain the viability of the embryo.
  2. Diseases of the ovaries and uterus, leading to disruption of processes menstrual cycle and associated hormonal changes.
  3. Diseases of the endocrine system. Hormones produced by the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, and adrenal glands play an important role in maintaining hormonal balance.
  4. Metabolic disorders (obesity, diabetes), liver disease.
  5. Long-term use of oral contraceptives and the use of therapeutic hormonal drugs containing predominantly estrogen.
  6. Disorders in the work of the central nervous system.
  7. Age fluctuations in hormonal levels.

Accelerated growth of fibroadenoma can occur under the influence of ultraviolet radiation in a solarium or during a long stay in the sun. Provoke the growth of such a neoplasm of trauma to the mammary glands, bathing in an overly hot bath.

Fibroadenoma in girls

The reason for the formation of fibroadenoma in young girls is a sharp increase in the content of estrogens in the blood, associated with the maturation of the ovaries. Often, after stabilization of the hormonal background, tumor growth completely stops. Sometimes it is found only in adulthood, when it begins to develop as a result of any hormonal disorders.

Leaf fibroadenoma in pregnant women

Such a tumor, as a rule, appears in women even before conception. A hormonal surge, increased estrogen production during pregnancy can provoke the growth of a neoplasm, the rapid degeneration of phyllodes fibroadenoma.

However, this does not always happen. The tumor does not affect the course of pregnancy and the development of the fetus, but its condition is constantly monitored.

Fibroadenoma foliaceus in older women

After the cessation of menstruation in the postmenopausal period, the production of estrogens in the body decreases significantly, so most often the growth of an existing tumor stops. However, during this period, women often develop diseases of the endocrine glands, the result of which is an abnormal increase in the level of estrogen in the body. At the same time, rapid growth and degeneration of a small leaf-shaped tumor of the mammary gland, not previously detected, begins. Therefore, older women are advised to undergo preventive examinations with a mammologist more often.

Symptoms and signs of leaf-shaped fibroadenoma

A distinctive feature of such a tumor is its gradual development. Years can pass between its formation and the beginning of growth. At the same time, any external signs and painful symptoms in a woman are absent for a rather long time, so the tumor can rarely be detected on early stage.

When the tumor begins to grow, the following symptoms appear:

  1. An increase in the size and shape of the mammary glands. Large nodes usually bulge under the skin, the gland sags under the weight of a growing tumor.
  2. Change in skin color over the tumor. The skin stretches, becomes thinner, reddens. A bluish tint appears, ulcers form.
  3. The symmetry of the nipples is broken, fluid is released from them, sometimes with an admixture of blood.
  4. There are pains in the chest that are difficult to relieve with conventional painkillers.

When probing, the tumor is found in the form of a dense formation, not associated with the skin, with clear boundaries. Most often it is located in the upper outer part of the mammary glands.

Video: Why breast tumors must be surgically removed

Diagnostics

When diagnosing fibroadenoma, the doctor takes into account the age of the patient. Leaf fibroadenoma breast, as a rule, begins to grow in a woman after 40 years, and other fibroadenomas - after 30 years. Phylloid tumor grows faster than the rest.

The tumor is diagnosed by examination, palpation and instrumental methods.

ultrasound. In the picture you can see the characteristic lobular structure of the tumor, consisting of separate cracks.

UZDG (ultrasound dopplerography)– studies of the state of the vessels of the gland. In the presence of a leaf-shaped tumor, characteristic modifications of the veins and arteries are observed.

Mammography. It helps to detect rounded neoplasms in the breast, assess their size, and clarify the structure.

MRI- a safe method with which you can get a three-dimensional image of neoplasms, clarify their number and relationship with other tissues. Since no harmful radiation is used here, such a study can be carried out several times in order to observe the development of the tumor and notice relapses after treatment.

Biopsy. With the help of special tools, a biopsy is done, that is, a sample of tumor tissue or fluid is taken from the cystic cavities. After studying the structure of cells under a microscope, a conclusion is made about the benign or malignant nature of the neoplasm.

Note: If a woman regularly conducts breast self-examination, then she will be able to notice the appearance of a tumor at an early stage, which will give her more chances for a complete and less traumatic cure.

Treatment

A leaf-shaped tumor of the breast, regardless of its size and nature, is removed surgically, as it can begin to grow rapidly at any time. Methods such as enucleation, sectoral resection of the mammary gland or mastectomy are used.

enucleation- exfoliation of a small tumor through an incision in the gland. This method is used only with full confidence in the absence of cancer cells.

Sectoral resection (lumpectomy). The tumor is removed, as well as the healthy tissue around it (the width of the strip to be removed is approximately 1-3 cm). This is done to prevent the recurrence of the tumor in the same place, which is quite possible.

Addition: Tumor recurrence may occur within 1-2 years after surgery. Every 6 months, a woman should undergo an ultrasound or MRI examination. In case of recurrence of the disease, the breast is removed.

Mastectomy- partial or complete removal of the gland. Complete removal is performed if the size of the tumor is too large, there are several nodes, and also if the breast itself is small, it is partially impossible to remove the neoplasm.

This tumor usually does not spread to The lymph nodes Therefore, during the operation, only the mammary gland itself is removed. After removal of a malignant or borderline leaf-shaped fibroadenoma, radiation therapy is sometimes prescribed. If metastases appear, then chemotherapy is used.

Video: Dangerous breast tumors, how surgical treatment is performed


This organ. Today we will talk about what is breast fibroadenoma.

The term comes from three words for fiber, gland and tumor. Fibroadenoma can develop in any gland, including the mammary gland.

This is a fairly common benign tumor. It begins to be detected in adolescent girls, with age the incidence increases and reaches a maximum at the age of 30-40 years. Some scientists consider pathology a nodal form of mastopathy.

Etiology of the disease

The causes of breast fibroadenoma are unknown. Certain importance is attached to hormonal disorders, in particular, an increased level of female sex hormones - estrogen, but there is no exact confirmation of this. The following factors can provoke the development of a tumor:

  • chest injuries, bruises;
  • excessive insolation (tanning or visiting a solarium);
  • premature termination of pregnancy;
  • transferred;
  • errors at breastfeeding and its completion.

As a result of the action of an unknown factor, cells of the connective tissue and glandular structures that form the milk ducts begin to divide in the breast tissue. Cells retain their normal morphological characteristics, do not grow into surrounding organs, do not metastasize.

A fibroadenoma may grow rapidly, have a soft texture, in which case it is called immature. Such formations are more common in young girls. In women, mature fibroadenoma is more common - dense, surrounded by a capsule, practically not increasing. The detection of such a tumor over the age of 40 indicates its late diagnosis.

Symptoms

Most often, the pathology does not manifest itself. In some women, fibroadenoma hurts, this is due to concomitant mastopathy, which responds to hormonal fluctuations.

Symptoms of fibroadenoma of the mammary gland are determined by probing it: in the upper outer quadrant, a small dense ball is felt, as if rolling into the tissues of the gland. The skin over it is not changed, there is no pain.

Although this formation does not bother a woman, when it appears, it is necessary to contact a gynecologist, surgeon or oncologist.

Macroscopic and microscopic characterization

- This is a painless single node of a dense consistency. It has clearly defined boundaries and a diameter of up to 3 cm. This tumor grows very slowly. The difference from cancer is the absence of decay and metastasis, that is, a benign course. A fibroadenoma does not have a true capsule, but during surgery it is easily removed (husked) from the breast tissue.

Multiple fibroadenomas are rare and often gigantic. Such nodes can reach 20 cm in diameter.

If the knot is cut, it can be seen that it has a gray-white color. It contains foci of calcification, hyalinosis (formation of cartilaginous tissue), mucus. When viewed under a microscope, it can be seen that the adenoma consists of a connective tissue base and ducts of the mammary glands. Depending on the ratio of stroma and ducts, histological types of tumors are distinguished:

  • intracanalicular - the growing stroma compresses the glandular ducts, which turn into slit-like formations;
  • pericanalicular - gland ducts retain a rounded shape, they are surrounded by dense connective tissue, calcifications and calcification of the node are often formed.

Mixed type tumors are often found.

There is also such a thing as a leaf-shaped, or phyllodes tumor of the mammary gland. It is usually formed from an intracanalicular tumor.

Leaf fibroadenoma differs in the structure of its base - the stroma. It has dividing cells that form layered structures resembling leaves.

Found in women over 40 years of age. It grows rapidly, often occupying a large part of the volume of the mammary gland; often recurs after surgery. This formation tends to become malignant when the dividing stromal cells undergo transformation. The degeneration of a phyllodes tumor into cancer is observed in 10% of cases.

1. Tumor stroma is represented by loose fibrous tissue
2. Glandular tubes are squeezed by the stroma

Diagnostics

In most cases, the pathology is determined by the woman herself or her sexual partner by palpation (palpation) of the breast. Fibroadenoma is felt as a dense, smooth, painless knot, quite mobile, that is, displaced relative to the skin. If you find such a symptom, you should immediately contact a mammologist to rule out breast cancer.

The primary diagnostic methods are examination, palpation and ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the breast. On ultrasound, signs are usually clearly visible, by which one can first distinguish fibroadenoma from cancer.

It should be said that fibroadenoma with blood flow determined by ultrasound and Doppler sonography is a common condition. If the node exceeds 2 cm in size, the blood flow in it can be determined in 75% of cases. Scientists have proven that the presence of blood flow in the node does not distinguish between fibroadenoma and breast cancer. In small nodules, the blood supply is almost never determined.

Fibroadenoma can also be detected using. This x-ray examination is carried out annually for all women over 40 years of age as part of the medical examination of the population.

A puncture of the node is mandatory, that is, it is punctured with a special needle and biopsy material is taken. The resulting tissue sample is examined under a microscope, excluding malignant degeneration. A more modern and accurate diagnostic method is trephine biopsy. It allows you to get several small "cylinders" from different parts of the tumor and make a more reliable diagnosis. Histological examination fully confirms the disease.

Treatment

Breast fibroadenoma is almost always treated with surgery. Only with very small nodes (up to 5 mm in diameter) can observation be continued. The question of whether or not to remove breast fibroadenoma is decided by the doctor after an examination, testing for hormones, ultrasound and tissue biopsies.

Is it necessary to remove fibroadenoma before a planned pregnancy or during it? The combination of conditions such as fibroadenoma and pregnancy can lead to malignant degeneration of the tumor. If this does not happen, there may be difficulties in breastfeeding, especially with large sizes of the node or multiple nodes: milk will not flow well through the milk ducts, mastitis will also occur.

Therefore, it is desirable to remove the formation as early as possible, mainly at the planning stage. With the rapid growth of the tumor during childbearing, less traumatic interventions will be preferable. However, the question of the scope of the operation, especially during pregnancy, is decided immediately, but only after observation and examination by several specialists. At small size node, the absence of suspicion of cancer, surgical treatment is postponed and carried out after the birth of the child and the completion of breastfeeding.

Contraindications for removal:

  • fever and infectious diseases;
  • oncological and other serious illnesses;
  • unwillingness of a woman to undergo surgical treatment;
  • blood clotting disorders high degree arterial hypertension, poorly compensated diabetes mellitus and other conditions, after the correction of which, the operation becomes possible.

Operation and rehabilitation

The operation to remove breast fibroadenoma can be carried out in two fundamentally different ways:

  • enucleation (husking) - removal of only the nodule itself through a small incision near the nipple;
  • sectoral resection - removal of a tumor with surrounding tissues in the form of a sector of the gland, more often performed if a malignant transformation is suspected.

Depending on the volume, the surgical intervention is performed using local or intravenous anesthesia. It lasts about an hour. After removal of the tumor, cosmetic sutures are applied to the skin, which allow achieving a good external result.

With a superficial location of the node, confidence in its good quality, it is possible to remove breast fibroadenoma with a laser . This is a low-traumatic operation, accompanied by rapid tissue healing and a good cosmetic effect. In addition to laser therapy, radio wave therapy can be used.

The postoperative period proceeds without complications, the woman does not experience pain. The patient usually leaves the hospital on the same day or the next day after the intervention, the sutures are removed after a week. A histological examination of the removed material under a microscope is mandatory to exclude a cancerous process.

Rehabilitation after removal of fibroadenoma includes a mandatory consultation with a gynecologist. It is desirable to increase the content of animal protein, vegetables in the diet, to refuse fatty foods and allergens (chocolate, citrus fruits, eggs). It is necessary to normalize weight, increase physical activity. Sometimes a consultation with a psychotherapist is required to help a woman realize her illness and cope with its consequences, especially with a large volume of surgery.

If a seal remains after removal, it is necessary to consult a doctor again. This may be a sign of suppuration of the mammary gland, the growth of a malignant tumor, or occur when the suture is scarred. In any case, a thorough examination by a specialist is necessary, preferably the doctor who performed the operation.

Small scar after fibroadenoma removal:
1. after surgery
2. a month later

Forecast

With surgical removal, the tumor practically does not recur. Can fibroadenoma turn into cancer? Such a possibility exists, although the probability of malignant degeneration is low. Some doctors generally deny such a possibility, others talk about a 20-50% probability. The risk is especially high in the leaf-shaped form of fibroadenoma. The answer to the question of whether education can resolve without treatment depends on many conditions. More often, immature fibroadenomas in girls resolve on their own after the final establishment of the menstrual cycle. In mature women, such a tumor will not go away without treatment, but will slowly increase in size.

Prevention

Since the true causes of the development of the disease are unknown, there are no specific preventive measures. To prevent the development of tumor processes, it is recommended to eat well, avoid strong emotional upheavals and chronic nervous strain, protect your mammary glands from bruises. It is recommended to limit visits to the solarium and natural tanning during the daytime.

It is important to periodically conduct self-examination of the mammary glands. It is performed by a woman in front of a mirror 7-10 days after the onset of menstruation, when the mammary gland is painless. Pay attention to the symmetry of the glands, the surface of the skin, supraclavicular and axillary areas, areola and nipple. Then the entire gland is superficially probed in a spiral or from the center along the radii outward. After that, a deeper probing of the entire tissue of the gland is carried out. It is convenient to do this by lubricating your hands with cream or lotion. You can conduct a self-examination of the glands and in the shower, lathering the skin. The main thing is to do it regularly. Such a measure will help to recognize both fibroadenoma and malignant processes in time.

It is necessary to treat all gynecological diseases in time, including menstrual irregularities and. It is known that with these diseases, the likelihood of developing fibroadenoma increases. Thus, regular visits to the gynecologist and self-examination become the key to a woman's health.

Leaf-shaped fibroadenoma of the breast carries a potential danger of developing into a malignant neoplasm. Diagnosis of this pathology in the early stages can prevent such a serious complication, although the risk of transition to a malignant tumor is 3-5% of all existing cases. A special peak is observed in those age groups where the greatest hormonal surges occur, and this is in the period from 11 to 20 years and from 40 to 50 years.

What is this neoplasm?

Leaf-shaped fibroadenoma of the breast is a tumor, most often of a nominal benign type and having a borderline condition between fibroadenoma and malignant sarcoma. It belongs to the group of fibro-epithelial neoplasms. Its name is justified because of the special structure in which leaf veins are traced.

If we consider this neoplasm, from the point of view of description, then we can distinguish the following characteristic:

  1. Leaf-shaped fibroadenoma can reach a size of 1 to 35 cm and have a round or irregular oval shape.
  2. The tumor is greyish-white to pink in color and is very mobile and demarcated from surrounding tissues.
  3. If a leaf-shaped neoplasm is larger than 5 cm, it always has gaps, as well as cystic cavities.
  4. When considering a leaf-shaped fibroadenoma in a section, you can see a mass of mucus of a viscous nature, it is also prone to the presence of both one nodule and several.
  5. If the neoplasm is large, then polypoid growths are possible in the cystic cavities.
  6. The structure of the tumor is expressed as lobular, and in itself there is no own capsule.
  7. If we compare leaf-shaped fibroadenoma with ordinary adenoma, then in the first case the structure of the tumor will be more complex, and the presence of a large number of stromal cells (connective tissue component) will also be noted.

In addition, as already mentioned, leaf-shaped fibroadenoma is able to regenerate and in this regard it is customary to distinguish 3 forms of such a tumor:

  • border;
  • malignant;
  • benign.

Such a neoplasm is prone to rapid growth, or it is possible for a tumor to develop for a long time, which is then replaced by sudden growth. As a result, there may be differences clinical symptoms such a pathology.

Causes of this pathology

There is no disease without a cause.

As in any other cases, with leaf-shaped fibroadenoma, a number of factors can be distinguished that provoke the development of a pathological neoplasm:

  • hormonal imbalance associated with a lack of estrogen and progesterone;
  • the presence of tumor-like processes in the pituitary and adrenal glands;
  • diabetes;
  • nodes that develop thyroid gland;
  • mastopathy, pronounced fibrocystic character;
  • lactation period and pregnancy;
  • diseases of the liver and other organs;
  • metabolic disease;
  • the presence of tumors on the ovaries;
  • obesity;
  • frequent use of hormonal emergency or conventional contraception;
  • frequent abortion intervention;
  • overweight, etc.

Such causes are observed in most people, however, in this case, you need to understand that they are all subject to diagnosis and timely treatment. In addition, you need to learn how to adhere to proper nutrition and observe the daily routine.

If the patient has a chronic course of the provoking factor, one should try to prevent relapses to prevent the formation of leaf-shaped fibroadenoma.

Symptoms

If the tumor reaches a sufficient size, the skin over it becomes thinner, while acquiring a bluish tint. Because of this phenomenon, the saphenous veins become visible, which are also dilated.

When considering a two-phase clinical course of this pathological neoplasm, one can distinguish a slow development that can last for years, and then begin to grow rapidly.

Moreover, in the above example, the size of the neoplasm for the transition to a malignant nature does not matter. Even in case big size it can be benign, and with a small one, it can be malignant, which tends to metastasize.

In this disease, one can distinguish general symptoms, which develop against the background of the presence and growth of a tumor-like neoplasm:

  1. When feeling the chest, dense spherical lumps can clearly stand out.
  2. The chest with this disorder hurts, and the nature of the pain and its intensity depends on the size and location of the leaf-shaped fibroadenoma.
  3. Some women may notice discharge from the nipple.
  4. With rapid growth, there is a deterioration in well-being and the possible appearance of weakness, dizziness, etc.

How is diagnosis and treatment carried out?

In order to correctly diagnose this pathology, at the moment there are several stages and methods, consisting in such a study:

  1. Consultation with a doctor, where the patient's history is collected, examination and palpation of the mammary glands are performed.
  2. After that, ultrasound and a biopsy of the neoplasm may be prescribed, where a small piece of the tumor is taken and, with the help of a histological examination, a conclusion is made about the nature of the neoplasm.
  3. Another additional diagnostic method is mammography.

Based on the data obtained, a decision is made on the method of treating the tumor.

Most often, this is an operative intervention, which has such indications:

  • the wish of the sickest woman;
  • suspicion of a malignant neoplasm;
  • rapid tumor growth;
  • pronounced cosmetic defects.

If we consider the methods of surgical operation, then we can distinguish the following types:

  1. Enucleation. In this case, the neoplasm itself is removed by husking.
  2. sectoral resection. With this method of surgical intervention, a certain segment of the mammary gland is removed along with leaf-shaped fibroadenoma, or, with repeated recurrence, amputation of the mammary gland itself is possible.

Leaf-shaped fibroadenoma of the breast has its own symptoms and pathogenesis of development. In order to prevent the worst consequences of this disorder, it is necessary to respond in time to the manifested clinical severity and consult a doctor for a diagnosis in case of the slightest suspicion of a pathology.

It should be noted right away that leaf-shaped fibroadenoma is considered one of the most dangerous among breast tumors.

And all because it is the leaf-shaped form of such a tumor as breast fibroadenoma (albeit not often), in 10 percent of cases, that has the ability to degenerate into a malignant neoplasm.

At the same time, we hasten to reassure our readers - leaf-shaped fibroadenoma of the breast today is not so common. Rather, in most cases, young women are faced with other types and options for the diagnosis of breast fibroadenoma.

Despite this, of course, hearing such a diagnosis is always unpleasant and frightening. But still, knowing the danger "in the face", it is much easier to deal with it.

Possible types of fibroadenomas in the breast

Today, doctors distinguish only two main types of tumors such as breast fibroadenoma:

    Firstly, we are talking about the usual fibrous node, which has the ability to be localized directly in the lactiferous duct of the affected gland. At the same time, according to localization, ordinary fibrous neoplasms can be divided into:

    Pericanalicular type formation, which is characterized by a homogeneous structure and a rather dense texture, with a clear restriction of the tumor-like process from the surrounding breast tissues. This type of breast fibroadenoma can sometimes undergo various kinds of dystrophic modifications, in which calcifications can be deposited.

    Intracanalicular type of formation, when the described tumor is characterized by a lobular structure, not very clear contours, and even a heterogeneous structure.

    And of course, a mixed type of tumor, which can have both a lobular and a homogeneous structure, both homogeneous and partly heterogeneous structure, in general, with the simultaneous presence of obvious signs characteristic of the two types described above.

    And secondly, we're talking about a condition called foliar fibroadenoma (or it's also called phyllodes). This is a condition that most often begins to form from a pre-existing intra-flow form of the disease.

    It is believed that leaf-shaped fibroadenoma can be characterized by its rapid growth and rather large size. Moreover, in some cases, leaf-shaped fibroadenoma can cover a significant part of the mammary gland, namely, from one second to three quarters of the affected breast.

By the way, the leaf-shaped form is the only one of existing varieties the described disease, which under certain circumstances can still develop into a malignant formation of the breast, which in general does not happen often, namely, in no more than 10% of all possible cases.

In addition, it is important to understand that fibroadenoma can be fully mature and not fully mature. At the same time, in the first case, the fibroadenoma has a dense elastic structure, a completely formed capsule, and is characterized by extremely slow progress. Such a seal may have constant dimensions over many years.

As a rule, the immature type of fibroadenoma has a softer consistency, such a neoplasm has the maximum tendency to the most active progressive growth.

How does the international classification of diseases describe such tumors?

According to the latest international classification of diseases, the leaf-shaped form of a breast tumor belongs to the group of so-called fibro-epithelial neoplasms. Moreover, this classification distinguishes at least two histological variants of tumors, which are a phylloid form:

  • This, of course, is a leaf-shaped form of a benign formation with the code 9020/0.
  • And this is a leaf-shaped tumor of a malignant nature with the code 9020/3.

It is believed that the leaf-shaped variants of tumors occupy the so-called intermediate value (or position) between benign tumors (fibroadenoma in particular) and malignant tumors or breast sarcoma.

How do leaf-shaped forms of fibroids manifest themselves

The ever-increasing requirements for earlier detection of phylloidal forms of the disease require the most clear differentiation of the usual fibrous node from that with a leaf-like structure.

It can be argued that the symptoms of leaf-shaped variants of the disease, although not in many ways, still differ from the primary (less complex) manifestations of the problem.

For example, we can say that phylloidal forms have a much more redundant stroma, which in turn has a more complex even architectural structure. The main symptoms of such a tumor mean:

  • The neoplasm looks like a completely delimited formation, with a specific lobed structure.
  • If the size of such a tumor is large, then there is a clear thinning of the skin over the problem area.
  • Symptoms of such a tumor may include a pronounced venous pattern on the affected breast.
  • But the size of such a tumor can even reach 35 cm in diameter.

Naturally, with large and even gigantic tumors, the possibility of quickly making an absolutely correct diagnosis can increase dramatically. Note that for leaf-shaped forms, the most typical picture may be when the neoplasm occupies almost the entire affected mammary gland. In this case, the tumor may have an oval or completely irregular, but always rounded shape.

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It is important to treat such a disease as quickly as possible, always by surgery, and with strictly mandatory histological examination excised material.

It is always important to remember that a timely detected disease, its timely treatment (an operation is no exception) gives a woman every chance for further health and a completely happy life.

Do you still think that it is completely impossible to cure your body?

How can they be identified?

  • nervousness, sleep disturbance and appetite;
  • allergies (watery eyes, rashes, runny nose);
  • frequent headaches, constipation or diarrhea;
  • frequent colds, sore throat, nasal congestion;
  • pain in the joints and muscles;
  • chronic fatigue(You get tired quickly, no matter what you do);
  • dark circles, bags under the eyes.

What is it: leaf-shaped fibroadenoma of the breast? This is a tumor that some doctors call phyllodes. By its nature, it represents a fibroepithelial neoplasm, initially of benign origin.

It can be confused with a cyst, but in fact it has the appearance of leaf-shaped lobed veins with small cysts. The neoplasm does not have a separate capsule, and its contents are a jelly-like mass.

The leaf-shaped form has a more complex structure compared to other types of fibroadenoma.

In advanced cases, the tumor can reach a significant size. At the same time, it becomes visually noticeable, as the skin on the chest acquires a bluish tint and becomes thinner due to the existing tension. Changes also occur inside - polypoid growths are formed.

Forms of the disease

Important! The leaf-shaped form of fibroadenoma is the most dangerous, as it can become malignant within a short period of time.

In total, there are three types of it:

  • Benign. It does not threaten the health of a woman, since the tissues do not undergo pathological changes.
  • Border. This is an intermediate stage between benign and malignant neoplasm.
  • Malignant. Acquires the properties of oncology, turning into breast sarcoma, capable of metastasizing.

Reasons for development

The exact causes of the pathology, as well as its degeneration into oncology, are unknown, but a number of provoking factors can be distinguished:

  • hormonal surges during puberty;
  • diseases of the reproductive system, such as ovarian cysts or uterine fibroadenoma;
  • pathology of the endocrine system, incl. diabetes;
  • fibrocystic mastopathy;
  • pregnancy;
  • lactation;
  • previous abortions;
  • excess weight;
  • violation of metabolic processes in the body;
  • liver pathology;
  • bad habits;
  • stress;
  • reduced immunity;
  • other circumstances that affect the level of hormones in the body.

Important! Fibroadenoma foliaceus is very sensitive to the level of hormones in the body. If the balance of estrogen and progesterone is disturbed, the risks of developing a tumor in the mammary glands increase.

Symptoms of manifestation

Depending on the factors affecting the tumor, it may not manifest itself clinically for a long time and grow at a slow pace. There are cases when the tumor did not manifest itself for more than 10 years. As long as its size is small, it does not cause concern to the patient. If the neoplasm increases to a size of more than 5 cm, it causes significant discomfort. In addition, such a development of pathology causes a lot of suspicion and requires immediate medical intervention.

Symptoms of leaf-shaped fibroadenoma of the breast are as follows:

  • palpation in the chest of a movable seal;
  • the appearance of a subcutaneous tubercle;
  • thinning of the skin, a change in its color at the site of neoplasm growth;
  • the appearance of pain and discomfort in the chest;
  • engorgement of the mammary glands;
  • the appearance of discharge from the nipple;
  • increased fatigue;
  • expansion of the saphenous veins;
  • a slight increase in body temperature is possible;
  • loss of appetite.

Diagnostics

If a woman has noticed similar symptoms or simply has suspicions about the presence of a pathological neoplasm in the breast, she should immediately contact a medical facility.

Important! In rare cases, the disease is diagnosed in men.

After examining the patient and palpation of the neoplasm, the following diagnostic measures can be prescribed:

  • ultrasound. Leaf-shaped fibroadenoma on ultrasound looks like a cystic neoplasm with a complex structure.

  • Dopplerography. Allows you to additionally examine the vessels in the area of ​​pathology and identify hypervascularization of the neoplasm.
  • Mammography. X-ray examination of the mammary glands, revealing changes in their structure. Especially recommended for women of middle and older age.
  • Needle biopsy. It is carried out under ultrasound control. The material taken is sent for histological and cytological examination to find out the exact type of neoplasm and the degree of risk to the patient's health.

Treatment Method

Fibroadenoma can be treated in a variety of ways. With small sizes and the absence of intensive growth, conservative methods are sufficient.

Important! It is necessary to establish the right lifestyle in order to naturally equalize the hormonal background of the patient.

Medications are prescribed according to individual indications. Otherwise, it is important to see a doctor regularly to monitor the condition of the tumor.

Advice! Folk methods can be used only with the approval of the attending physician. For example, cabbage leaf with fibroadenoma, apply at night to the affected mammary gland to relieve discomfort and tissue inflammation.

With sizes of more than 1 cm, as well as identifying the risk of degeneration of the neoplasm, surgical intervention is required. You can remove the tumor in the following ways:

  • radio or laser enucleation;
  • quadrantectomy;
  • sectoral resection;
  • cryoablation;
  • mastectomy.

If necessary, further mammoplasty is performed to restore the shape of the breast. In the future, it is necessary to be regularly examined by a doctor, since the disease can relapse.