Effect of loud sound on hearing. acute hearing

Did you know that the uncontrolled use of certain drugs tends to have a side effect as well? Any side effect always turns out to be an unpleasant “surprise”. Especially when it comes to the sense organs. One of the sense organs that can perceive information remotely is hearing.

With any degree of hearing loss, a person feels great discomfort, his life becomes much more difficult. And one of the causes of hearing loss is taking certain medications. Today we will analyze what affects our hearing.

The negative effect of hearing loss from certain medications is called ototoxicity. Many people know that antibiotics work on hearing. Antibiotics from the group of aminoglycosides (streptomycin, gentamicin, neomycin, amikacin, etc.) have the most toxic effect on hearing.

A little time ago, these drugs were widely used in pediatric practice. The danger of using them lies in the fact that they had a delayed effect, that is, hearing loss manifests itself after many years. If you take these antibiotics when you are young, your hearing may decrease in old age. Usually in such cases, hearing loss is attributed to age-related changes. Both of these effects are superimposed on each other and the person as a result receives a high degree of hearing loss.

It has already been proven that ototoxicity depends on age. The younger the patient treated with these antibiotics, the more severe the hearing loss will be in the future. If an adult received antibiotics, then he probably will not notice any changes in hearing. But a newborn baby can go completely deaf. The student will also have noticeable hearing loss.

But taking these antibiotics does not mean that they began to use them and everyone immediately became deaf. Usually, ototoxicity occurs when antibiotics are taken for a long time, in high dosages and uncontrolled.

But modern antibiotics from the group of macrolides also have ototoxic properties. These antibiotics include erythromycin, sumamed. But unlike antibiotics of the previous generation, these have a transient, reversible effect and do not cause permanent changes after using

In terms of their ototoxicity, diuretics are in second place and the most commonly used is furosemide (Lasix).

Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid, which we take at elevated temperatures and to thin the blood in the prevention of thrombosis, also has this effect. But its negative effect is manifested with prolonged use and most often in adults.

Cisplatin, which was used to treat tumors, has a similar effect. Bladder. Quinine, which was previously used to treat malaria and induce labor, can generally cause permanent hearing loss. But it is good that these drugs are now used extremely rarely, but the consequences for someone from their use probably remained.

Deafness and medications

Medicines, regardless of the method of administration, are excreted from the body by the kidneys. Therefore, any malfunction of the kidneys can lead to the fact that drugs that are not excreted from the body will accumulate in the blood. At some point, the level of drugs will reach a concentration that will lead to hearing damage.
Of all the antibiotics, neomycin has the greatest toxic effect on hearing. Kanamycin and amikacin are next in terms of the degree of reduction in the effect on hearing.

Some antibiotics not only affect hearing, but also the functioning of the vestibular apparatus. These drugs include streptomycin, gentamicin, florimycin, and tobramycin. Violation of the vestibular apparatus is expressed in loss of balance, dizziness.

Patients who have kidney failure receiving intravenous diuretics, such as furosemide or ethacrynic acid, and antibiotics at the same time, it is possible that they can get a deep irreversible hearing loss.

• Do not take antibiotics, especially those listed above, unless directed by a doctor. Especially with a cold. Most often, what we call a cold is a viral disease in which an antibiotic has no effect on the virus.
• Do not self-medicate. Usually, the doctor, when prescribing medication, evaluates your condition and the presence of concomitant pathology.
• It is very important when using drugs, especially antibiotics, to know the daily and single dose of the drug, as well as how this drug "works" in the body. Only a doctor can know this.
• If you know that you have an intolerance to some antibiotics, be sure to tell your doctor about it.
• The presence of some chronic diseases of the kidneys, liver, existing hearing loss, are a contraindication to taking certain medications.
• If you've started taking antibiotics and you're having hearing problems, you should tell your doctor right away who can recommend other alternative medicines.

Causes of hearing loss in adults

Production noise. This is a random combination of sounds of varying intensity and frequency. Typically, this combination can be found in production, where a large number of equipment works. In this case, hearing loss will depend on the noise level and length of service. Noise with a frequency of about 4 thousand hertz has a strong damaging effect. If a person stays in such a noisy room for a short time, then his hearing can be restored in just 3 minutes. But the more experience, the reversibility of hearing becomes less and less. With more than 10 years of experience in noisy production, it can lead to a pronounced hearing impairment, which will be expressed in a violation of the perception of colloquial speech.

The noise of city streets. This is no less harmless noise that residents of large cities are exposed to. This noise is created by the movement of a large number of vehicles, the sounds of construction equipment, the screams of people, the barking of dogs, etc.

Loud music. This is another factor that has a very negative effect on our hearing organ. There is a category of people who like to listen to music "to the fullest" and are ready to listen to their favorite works all the time at home, in the car, at the disco. Teenagers are especially vulnerable to this. The result of such loud listening to music can be not only hearing loss, but also reduced concentration, the ability to remember information and thinking.

Headphones. This is another addiction to listening to music through headphones. Thanks to this habit, there has been an increase in people with hearing loss and doctors are already sounding the alarm about this. The fact is that when listening to loud music in headphones, the sound goes directly to the inner ear, which is unnatural, especially when the headphones are stuck in the ear.

Since the important stage of the passage of sound through the auricle is bypassed, the sound immediately enters the ear canal, the perception of sound is different. In such cases, the volume is further increased, resulting in a sound of a magnitude that exceeds a much safer level. Listening to music at such a volume in headphones every day for more than 1 hour can already cause a complication with hearing. And if you listen to music like this all the time, then there is a high probability of hearing loss in general.

Harm of pressure drops. This can happen when flying on airplanes at high altitudes or when diving when they descend to great depths. This is due to the fact that any medium has its own pressure. Inside the body cavities, a person also has his own pressure. And if a person rises high on an airplane or descends deep under water, then some time is needed to balance these pressures. Usually a sharp change in pressure is accompanied by tinnitus and hearing loss.

To prevent this from happening, for example, when taking off or landing an airplane, it is necessary to make swallowing movements to equalize the pressure in the inner ear. When diving (diving), you must strictly follow the recommendations of the instructor, make periodic stops, and “purge” the ears. In case of any discomfort, it is necessary to stop further diving.

If the change in pressure occurs abruptly, then this can be complicated by serious injuries to the organ of hearing: there may be pain in the ears, bleeding from the ear, and more serious complications - rupture of the eardrum or the membrane of the round window in the inner ear.

General condition of the body. Many chronic diseases also affect our hearing. For example, in atherosclerosis, the lumen of the arteries that feed the ear can be clogged with cholesterol plaques. This is what happens with diabetes. hypertension. Usually such conditions are accompanied by congestion and tinnitus.

Infectious diseases such as meningitis, tonsillitis, influenza can cause complications in the form of hearing loss.

Marked hearing loss occurs in alcoholics, especially those who consume liquor of dubious quality. Moreover, alcohol affects hearing not only through complications of major diseases, but alcoholic beverages themselves have a damaging effect on the hearing organ.

But it turns out it's not all bad!

Scientists have found that classical music has a positive effect on hearing! And this has been known for a long time. Mozart's music is especially effective in the treatment of hearing loss and restoration.

Listening to Mozart's compositions helps children develop a good ear (not musical), improves attention, thinking and memory. So the right music helps not only improve hearing, but also intelligence.

We have analyzed all the points that can affect the state of our hearing. And it depends on us how we will take care of such an important sense organ, this is how we will perceive the world around us. And if we take care of our health and follow simple advice, we will save our hearing for many years. And with joy we will hear not only each other, but also the quiet rustle of tree leaves.

Many people ask how to improve hearing? Hearing loss can occur with hearing loss, acoustic neuritis, brain tumors, and in elderly patients.

Doctors believe that different methods help improve hearing.

Is there any problem? Enter in the form "Symptom" or "Name of the disease" press Enter and you will find out all the treatment of this problem or disease.

The site provides background information. Adequate diagnosis and treatment of the disease is possible under the supervision of a conscientious physician. All drugs have contraindications. You need to consult a specialist, as well as a detailed study of the instructions! .

Hearing loss can be caused by ear problems, viral infections, trauma, or a side effect of medications. Pathology significantly complicates life and delivers a lot of unpleasant sensations, preventing a person from living a full life.

hearing loss on early stage may cause slight discomfort, in the later stages there is a significant hearing loss.

How to improve hearing - effective treatment methods

Treatment is carried out with drugs of groups:

• Nootropics;
• antibiotics;
• Decongestants;
• antihistamines;
• B group vitamins.

Procedures will be given:

1. Physiotherapy - improves metabolism, blood microcirculation and stimulates the central nervous system.
2. Blowing the ear according to Politzer is prescribed for the treatment of hearing loss that occurred due to otitis media, injuries, and diseases of the Eustachian tube.
3. Breathing exercises, massage, improve blood circulation in the eardrum and auditory organ.
4. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a procedure of inhaling high concentration oxygen, which affects the microcirculation of blood in the brain and inner ear.
5. In some cases, surgery is used to treat hearing loss.

Improve hearing in old age

Hearing loss in old age is a common phenomenon and is not considered a disease. This problem develops due to the natural and irreversible degeneration of sensory cells.

In addition to hearing loss, age-related hearing loss is manifested by distorted perception of sounds, tinnitus, decreased noise tolerance, difficulty in distinguishing sounds, and sometimes dizziness.

Therapy will consist in the appointment of hearing aids, which are carried out using individually selected hearing aids.

Age-related hearing loss can be delayed for a significant period if the following measures are followed:

• Do not expose your ears to too loud sounds;
• Do not self-medicate, use only those drugs that the attending physician will prescribe;
• In order to avoid diseases - hypertension or diabetes, which provoke the development of hearing loss, adhere to a healthy and active lifestyle, eat right, including healthy, balanced and whole foods in your menu;
• Do not abuse bad habits.

Relief at home

Traditional medicine has proven itself well in the treatment of hearing loss.

Before starting self-treatment, it is necessary to consult a specialist in order to avoid possible complications.

There are several recipes that are used at home:

1. Add propolis tincture to olive oil, mix. Soak cotton swabs in the resulting mixture and insert into the ear canal overnight. Continue the procedure for at least 2 weeks.
2. 200 gr. Pour vodka over pine nuts, then insist in a dark place for forty days. As a means to infuse, strain and drink a teaspoon each time after a meal. Treatment is carried out within a month.
3. Pour pre-ground anise grains into a glass, pour rosehip oil. Infuse for 3 weeks, then instill 3 drops daily at bedtime.
4. Crush a clove of garlic, add a few drops of camphor oil to the liquid. Soak a cotton swab in the mixture and insert into the ear. If a burning sensation occurs, the tampons must be removed immediately. The procedure is carried out daily for 2 weeks.
5. Hop cones have healing properties. A tablespoon should be poured with boiling water and drunk daily for 200 ml for a month.

Video

Acoustic neuritis

Acoustic neuritis treatment is prescribed only in acute form diseases. Chronic hearing loss in pathology is not treatable.

In the acute form of neuritis, drugs will be prescribed to improve blood circulation in the inner ear, relieve swelling and eliminate the inflammatory process, and improve the functioning of hair cells and the auditory nerve.

Edema and inflammation are removed during the first three days.

Then the following drugs are prescribed:

• Nootropil;
• Cerebrolysin;
• Piracetam;
• Trental;
• Actovegin.

Subsequently, a course of physiotherapy will be prescribed to improve hearing.

How to develop an ear for music

Ear for music, like other human abilities, can be developed and improved through systematic training. Musical ability involves memorizing musical components and making sense of them.

It is possible to talk about the presence of an ear for music in case of successful application in practice of skills and a developed musical memory.

Contrary to popular belief, regardless of age, it is possible to master the skills of singing and playing instruments.

Age-related features of the development of musical abilities are expressed in the fact that at a young age it is easier to develop them than, for example, at a later age.

The technique for improving musical ear is aimed at developing all types of hearing. With this technique, you can learn to sing well and capture the structure of musical melodies.

1. Rhythmic hearing is the ability to pick up the rhythm and tempo of a melody. To improve this type of hearing, it will be useful to recite verses to musical accompaniment, sing and dance to simple and easy-to-remember music.
2. Melodic ear is the perception and understanding of the melodic structure, its organization, construction, understanding of the movement of music.
3. Inner hearing is the ability to mentally reproduce melodies and hear them inside oneself. To improve this type of hearing, it is necessary to study the basics of solfeggio with a teacher.

Fulfill therapeutic gymnastics necessary for hearing loss, it will be effective in preventive measures for middle-aged and older people.

And for those who work in a hazardous enterprise, which affects the auditory organs, improving the auditory characteristics of a person.

These exercises improve blood circulation in the outer and inner ear, stimulate the auditory nerves.

1. In the morning after sleep, rub your ears in a circular motion with your palms. Movements should be repeated 10 to 15 times. Since the exercise stimulates blood flow, people prone to hypertension, diseases of the cardiovascular system, you need to be careful when performing this exercise.
2. Press your ears with your palms and lightly tap your fingers on the back of your head.
3. Cover your ears with your palms, and then sharply pull your hands away. Repeat the movement up to 15 times.
4. Insert your index fingers into your ears and make light circular movements, gently pressing the fingertips on the walls of the ear canals one by one.
5. You can stimulate the eardrum like this: insert a finger into the ear, and then abruptly remove it from the ear canal. Perform the exercise simultaneously for the left and right ear, repeat the movement up to 20 times.
6. You need to complete the gymnastics: index and thumbs pull down the earlobe 10 times.

The most effective vitamin drops, ointments

There are a number of well-known and effective vitamin complexes to improve hearing:

1. "Acoustic" is a vitamin complex, which includes useful microelements. The composition is designed to influence the problem of hearing loss. The functions of "Acoustic" - improving the blood circulation of the brain, especially the departments that are responsible for the perception of sounds, improving metabolism and nutrition of all tissues and cells.
2. "Tanakan" is a herbal preparation that improves hearing well.

The vitamin complex is considered something so “effective”, but not a medicine, so you can drip “as much as you like”. No, you need to understand that any vitamin drops must be used strictly according to the instructions and not overdo it with the treatment.

There are many ointments used to treat hearing loss:

1. Sofradex - ointment for external use.
2. Ointment Vishnevsky - ointment for external use.

Ointments should only be used as directed by a doctor. Another feature is that the action of ointments is more intense, therefore, they must be applied carefully. If the drops differ in mild effect, then the effect after the course application of ointments will be obtained faster and last longer.

What preparations containing vitamins and microelements will help to cope with hearing loss problems

There are many targeted drugs on the pharmacological market. Including hearing improvement. But, more often vitamin complex designed to improve the activity of all organs and tissues. For example, dietary supplement (biologically active additive) "ACUTE FEELINGS" is in demand. The manufacturer "Kurortmedservice" (Russia) took care of the customers, because this complex contains vitamins, microelements and other useful substances that favorably affect the activity of the brain and the work of its peripheral organs - the auditory organs. All components of the drug are extracts from natural ingredients.

An equally common and inexpensive remedy is Glycine, the Russian manufacturer is Ozone. Its action is complex on brain activity - and on increasing the perception of sounds. This drug is used only in courses.

Features of nutrition with this problem

“Proper nutrition is the key to health” is an unshakable statement. The essence of proper nutrition to improve hearing is to switch to a hypocholesterol lifestyle. That is, completely eliminate salt from your diet, minimize the consumption of animal fats, smoked meats, especially smoked sausages, and once and for all give up alcoholic beverages. You will need to forget all the "fast food" food.

The basis is low-fat meats (chicken, rabbit meat), fish, fresh vegetables and fruits. Don't forget about dairy products. Doctors noted that if citrus fruits, especially lemons, are eaten daily, hearing improves. As a tip, many doctors advise eating a quarter of a lemon together with the peel before rinsing everything well.

It is necessary to introduce vitamin B9, better known as folic acid, into the diet. It is found in legumes (beans, beans, lentils), green onions, cabbage, beets, cottage cheese, curdled milk, oatmeal and buckwheat, i.e., the most common and healthy foods.

The introduction of ordinary garlic into the diet has a beneficial effect on the quality of sound perception. 1-2 cloves a day, and you can forget about the problems of hearing loss.

Possible consequences and complications of hearing

Congestion in the ear, or complete silence - all this creates discomfort and deprives you of life. Possible consequences of hearing loss include:

1. Deafness. Deafness not for a day or two or a month, deafness forever. If you do not start treatment or preventive measures in time, it will.
2. Hearing loss does not allow a person to live in society. This is typical of our ever-accelerating pace of life.
3. Disability. hearing loss in chronic form is a disability. Disability is the inability to work. And what is the impossibility to work - this is existence in poverty, existence on a meager allowance. And this is no longer life.

Some will think that a little hearing loss will not hurt the course of life. But if you do not pay attention to the treatment, to the prevention of hearing loss, then this will become a serious problem in a person's life.

Hearing Loss Prevention

• Referral to doctors at the slightest pain in the ear;
• Timely and qualified treatment by a specialist;
• Treat all respiratory diseases (ARVI) to the end, do not start infectious diseases;
• Treatment of the nasopharynx is timely and correct, the organs of the nasopharynx are closely related to the hearing aid;
• Be sure to master the technique of blowing your nose; you can’t blow your nose completely with two nostrils at once, this leads to congestion in the ears, and sometimes even the eardrum is damaged;
• Protect your ears from foreign objects (cotton buds, ballpoint pens, pins) and substances (foams for fixing hairstyles, hairsprays, hair dyes);
• Avoid head and ear injuries, take care of yourself;
• Avoid prolonged exposure to noise, especially when listening to music with headphones, many phones even have a warning window that increasing the volume leads to hearing problems;

While the life of any person is filled with sounds, pleasant and not very, important or superfluous, his world is full and "painted" in different tones and shades. A person hears and understands speech, and this is the basis of his interaction with other people.

A person hears music and the sound of the wind, dialogues in the play and the sound of rain on the roof, at these moments he is one with art and nature. A person hears the noise of an engine or the roar of a waterfall and is alerted to the danger. The man hears! However, people tend not to value what they got just like that, from nature, by birth. Many do not even immediately notice the losses in their life path - endurance, stress resistance, visual acuity, hearing. It's just that the world has become less bright or quieter for him. How not to lose and how to improve hearing - we will consider in this article.

The ear performs two tasks, with its help a person hears and maintains balance. It consists of three departments, each of which performs its own functions:

1. Outer ear concentrates and directs sound . It consists of the auricle and the external auditory canal, 2.5–3 cm long in adults. It ends with the tympanic membrane.
2. The middle ear performs a sound-conducting function . It is located behind the tympanic membrane - this is the tympanic cavity with air (1 cm 3) and a chain of three tiny bones - the hammer, anvil and stirrup, which transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear. The anterior wall of the tympanic cavity in the lower part passes into the Eustachian (auditory) tube, connected to the nasopharynx. In a healthy person, it is in a collapsed state and opens when swallowing and yawning. Due to this, air enters the tympanic cavity, which maintains atmospheric pressure there.
3. Inner ear converts vibrations into nerve impulses . Impulses along the auditory nerve arrive in the brain, in the center of hearing. In fact, the inner ear is the sound-perceiving apparatus. It is enclosed in the hardest bone in the human skeleton - the temporal. It consists of the membranous labyrinth - the organ of balance (which we do not consider in this article), and the cochlea with the organ of Corti, which is the actual organ of hearing. The cochlea is a spiral-shaped bony canal filled with fluid. This channel is separated by a membrane resembling a tiny stringed instrument, where thin transverse fibers act as strings. In addition, the membrane is covered with hair cells (the organ of Corti), which convert membrane vibrations into nerve impulses and transmit them to the endings of the auditory nerves.

Functionally, the auditory part of the ear can be divided into 2 zones:

• sound-conducting : shell, external passage, tympanic membrane and cavity behind it, labyrinth fluid. Damage and diseases of this part of the ear lead to hearing loss and hearing loss.
• Sound-perceiving : auditory hair cells, endings and the entire auditory nerve, central conductors and part of the brain. Diseases of this part of the hearing aid can lead not only to hearing loss, but also to complete deafness.

The causes of hearing loss can be diseases of the tissues and structures that make up the hearing aid and adjacent organs, as well as heredity and physiological characteristics of a particular person. It is necessary to remember about possible congenital defects of the hearing aid.

A very common and easily eliminated hearing defect is associated with insufficient self-cleaning of the ear canal from sulfur. Earwax- secretion of the glands of the ear canal, which protects the skin and ear from infections, water and foreign particles. An excess of this secret leads to the appearance of dense lumps - plugs that disrupt the process of sound conduction. This is typical for people with metabolic disorders, with oily skin working in dusty and damp environments, using ear plugs or being silent for a long time.

Hearing test

The most common inflammatory ear disease is a variety of otitis externa and, most often, the middle ear, which can have a chronic, including purulent, course. Purulent otitis often provoke perforation of the eardrum. Diseases of the inner ear such as otosclerosis, cochlear neuritis, Meniere's disease, labyrinthitis can be infectious, genetic and of unknown origin, for example, caused by maternal illness during pregnancy. They are accompanied simultaneously with hearing loss by dizziness and tinnitus. Hearing can be lost as a result of an injury that breaks the eardrum or small bones in the eardrum.

Hearing has a big impact common diseases and aging of the body, degenerative processes in the vascular, nervous and circulatory systems. 30% of people over 65 and nearly 50% over 75 have age-related hearing loss. In addition, hearing deteriorates under the influence of certain drugs. In the latter case, the process can be both reversible and irreversible. For example, while aspirin or diuretics (Lasix, Furosemide) cause reversible hearing problems, gentamicin, streptomycin, and similar antibiotics, as well as antiarrhythmic drugs, can cause irreversible hearing loss. Therefore, in addition to strictly following the doctor's recommendations when taking various drugs, you should also monitor yourself at the first signs of intoxication, such as dizziness, tinnitus, hearing loss, immediately stop taking it and consult a doctor.

External factors also affect hearing acuity. Airport noise, heavy traffic, some productions and heavy music are harmful to the human ear. In this series, not the last place is occupied by players and mobile phones with small earpieces that are inserted directly into the ear. Thanks to such achievements of civilization modern generation children, young people and middle-aged people hear worse than previous generations. In addition to hearing impairment from loud music or speech that comes directly into the ear from the earpiece, these devices reduce the protection of a person from the external environment, it is very easy to get hit by a car with them!

Obviously, only a doctor can solve problems with hearing loss, complete or partial, he must find the cause and make an accurate diagnosis - hearing loss or deafness. deafness consider a condition in which a person does not perceive colloquial speech at the very ear. At the same time, irreversible deafness, including congenital deafness, is considered a socio-pedagogical concept, which includes the training and adaptation of a person in the proposed conditions for a full life in a society of well-hearing people.

hearing loss- a medical problem that is treated both by conservative methods (medicines, physiotherapy), surgical methods, and rehabilitation is carried out with the help of hearing aids to compensate for lost opportunities and modern induction systems. Allocate 3 degrees hearing loss:

• mild - impaired perception of whispers
• medium - impaired perception of ordinary conversational speech at a distance of 1-4 m
• severe - reduced perception of spoken language at a distance of less than 1 m

In the struggle for good hearing, you need to use all the possibilities. Having found out the diagnosis, having received recommendations for traditional treatment and following them, you can use the recipes of traditional and alternative medicine. However, this issue should also be discussed with your doctor, enlist his support and follow the recommendations received.

How to get rid of wax plugs

To facilitate the removal of ear wax and self-cleaning of the ear, a small amount of a warm solution of baking soda is instilled into it half an hour before taking a shower (but not every day!). This solution is prepared at the rate of half a teaspoon to half a glass of water. Another option is to instill a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide, just remember that the abuse of hydrogen peroxide contributes to overdrying and irritation of the skin in the ear canal.

Video story about the symptoms and treatment of cerumen in the ear

Treatment of otitis with folk remedies

Garlic drops are very effective. However, they take time to prepare. Therefore, people prone to this disease should make them in advance and store them in the refrigerator. It is necessary to take gruel from crushed garlic and vegetable oil in equal amounts, for example, 1 teaspoon each, mix them, put them in a dark glass bottle, close tightly and put in a warm place for 10 days, shake occasionally. Then the solution is carefully filtered, it can be squeezed through gauze folded in several layers. Add a couple of drops of eucalyptus oil (can be replaced with glycerin), shake. Drip several times a day, warm up a little before instilling the drops.

Propolis has a powerful healing effect. The easiest way is to buy a ready-made alcohol tincture in a pharmacy. Several times a day in purified from pus ear lay a swab for 2-3 minutes, moistened with tincture. Propolis, in addition to anti-inflammatory, bactericidal and wound-healing effects, has a certain warming effect, so you don’t need to go outside with such a tampon. For prolonged exposure to propolis on the ear for non-purulent processes, the tincture is mixed with olive or almond oil 1: 4. The mixture is shaken and soaked in a gauze swab, placed in the ear for several hours, children no more than 12, and adults can be left for a day.

Chinese gymnastics to improve hearing

1. Rub your palms or warm them on a hot battery. Close the auricles tightly with warm palms for 5 seconds and sharply remove your hands.
2. With three middle fingers, drum on the ears for a few seconds.
3. Insert your index fingers into your ears, pull them out sharply.

These are the simplest and safest exercises to improve hearing, each should be repeated 10-12 times 1-2 times a day.

Reflex zone massage to improve hearing

The course of treatment and self-treatment with massage, or rather recovery and rehabilitation, is quite long. It can last several months. Moreover, some experts consider it necessary to use a maintenance regimen for life, especially for people who have had any disease or have a genetic predisposition and a tendency to hearing problems. The convenience of this method is that exercises can be done not only in front of the TV, but also in transport, in the classroom, at work and in the cinema. Usually, all procedures to improve hearing are carried out in the morning and in the evening. With such treatment, one must not only believe in its success, but be tuned in to long-term and hard work. It is obvious that the only method of treatment in difficult or severe cases is the massage of reflex zones.

1. Pinch the tips of the ring and middle fingers on the hands and the third and fourth on the leg with a clothespin or wrap it tightly with an elastic band until it turns blue for 2 minutes.
2. Massage the joints on the hands at the bases of the fingers and the lateral surfaces of the fingers, especially carefully at the ring and little fingers.
3. With the teeth of a metal comb, press on the tips of all fingers on your hands and hold for 2 minutes.
4. Press on the tongue from the side of the problem ear and hold for 10 minutes. In the case of a destroyed eardrum, this exercise will not help.
5. Put a dense piece of cotton wool on the jaw behind the wisdom teeth and bite it hard for 2 minutes.
6. Feel for sensitive points on the auricle with your thumb and forefinger and rub these points and the entire shell for 5 minutes a day.
7. Insert your thumb into the ear canal and make light rotational movements back and forth for 1 minute a day.
8. Massage the reflex zones of the sinuses, eyes, gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary organs on the hands and feet by pressing for 10 seconds so that a total of 10 minutes a day is obtained. Seconds can be measured by a uniform count: and 1, and 2, and 3, ... and 10.

Video exercises to improve hearing

It is very important all your life with each new year to be more attentive to your body and health, to provide timely assistance in all situations. Thinking about how to improve hearing, prevent hearing loss and ear diseases, you can wipe them before going to bed with tincture of calendula, and then massage the tragus. And in the morning, rub until the sensation of “ears are burning”, especially since it is useful for healing the whole body.

Study of the effect of headphones on hearing - page #1/1

XIX municipal scientific and practical conference of students

“Culture. Intelligence. The science"

aurally

Section:“Medicine and Health. Fundamentals of a healthy diet»
Educational research work
Completed:

Sidorenko Maxim Yurievich,

Fedina Vladislava Albertovna

MOU SO school No. 104, 10th grade,

ZATO Zheleznogorsk, pos. Podgorny,
Scientific adviser:

Kolegova Irina Vladimirovna – teacher of physics and informatics.

Zheleznogorsk - 2011

Content
Introduction……………………………………………………………………3

Chapter I general characteristics effects of noise on the organ of hearing ... .4

I.1. Noise and its characteristics…………………………………………….4

I.2. Human perception of noise…………………………………………………………………6

I.3. Diseases of the ear associated with exposure to noise……………………..7

Chapter II. Characteristics and classification of headphones……………..11

II.1. The history of the creation of headphones…………………………………….11

II.2 Headphone device…………………………………………...12

II.3. Classification of headphones……………………………………….12

II.4. Specification……………………………………..16

Chapter III. Research progress ………………………………………….18

III.1. Headphone rating………………………………………………….18

III.2. Determining the sound pressure level of headphones………....20

III.3. Survey of students, analysis of the survey………………………..22

Conclusions………………………………………………………………….25

Literature………………………………………………………………26

Applications……………………………………………………………..27

Introduction

Hearing is the most important of the human senses. With the help of hearing, we maintain a close connection with the outside world. Therefore, it must be protected. There are many causes of hearing loss. One of them is the noise effect on the organ of hearing.

We set ourselves the goal: To prove that headphones have an extremely negative impact on the health of a student.

To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set:

Tasks: 1) Examine the headphones; 2) Determine the sound pressure level of the headphones; 3) Investigate the impact of noise on the organ of hearing; 4) Conduct a survey of students on how they use headphones; 5) Based on the data obtained, draw a conclusion.

The following methods were used in the work:

Methods: 1) Collection of information; 2) Analysis of statistical sources; 3) Survey method; 4) Method of processing and obtaining data; 5) Calculation method

Literary sources

We received basic information about sound, its properties, characteristics from books and electronic media:

To study the structure of the ear, its perception of a sound wave and possible diseases, we used the following literature:

"Biology Grade 9" A.M. Zuzmer, O.L. Petrishina, Handbook of a paramedic. Volume 1" ed. A.A. Mikhailov, http://festival.1september.ru/articles/504678/ .

We took the formula for finding sound pressure from the e-book "Noise." R.Taylor Trans. from English. D. I. Arnold. Ed. M. A. Isakovich. M., Mir, 1978. ( http://ivanstor.narod.ru/noise/203.htm)

To study the headphones, we used the following media http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki.

CHAPTER I. General characteristics of the impact of noise on the organ of hearing

I.1. Noise and its main characteristics

First, we decided to find out what noise is and consider how it is characterized.

Noise is a random combination of sounds of varying intensity and frequency.

From a physiological point of view, this is any unfavorable perceived sound. Thus, speaking of noise, we will consider the characteristics of sound, since noise is sound. What is sound? From the 9th grade of physics, we know that sound is elastic waves propagating in gases, liquids, solids and perceived by the human and animal ears. The mechanical waves that cause the sensation of sound are called sound waves. Sound waves are longitudinal, i.e. this is an alternation of condensation and rarefaction (see Fig. 1, electronic carrier No. 15).

Fig.1 Propagation of sound in air

The sound is characterized by:

The amplitude of the sound wave is the largest deviation from the equilibrium position.

The wavelength λ (m) is the distance traveled by a sound wave in one complete oscillation (period T) in the medium of sound propagation.

The speed of a sound wave is the speed C (m / s) of the movement of a wave (compressed or rarefied section) in the medium under consideration.

Sound pressure is the excess (above atmospheric) pressure that a sound wave creates in a sound propagation medium (sound strength and sound pressure are related by a quadratic relationship).

Physiological characteristics depend on these characteristics: pitch, loudness, timbre of sound. In more detail, we will consider the characteristic of sound that interests us - loudness.

We know that the loudness of a sound depends on the intensity of the sound, i.e. is determined by the amplitude of oscillations in the sound wave. The hearing organs are most sensitive to sounds with frequencies from 700 to 6000 Hz. In this range, the ear is able to perceive sounds with an intensity of about 10 -12 - 10 -11 W/m 2 .

The threshold of hearing is the lowest intensity of a sound wave that can be perceived by the hearing organs. The standard hearing threshold is assumed to be J 0 =10 -12 W/m 2 at a frequency of V 0 =1kHz. The threshold of touch (threshold of pain) is the highest intensity of a sound wave at which the perception of sound does not cause pain. The touch threshold depends on the sound frequency, varying from 0.1 W/m 2 at 6000 Hz to 10 W/m 2 at low and high frequencies.

Sound waves with frequencies from 16 to 2 * 10 4 Hz affect the human hearing organs, cause auditory sensations and are called audible sounds. Sound waves with frequencies less than 16 Hz are called infrasounds, and those with frequencies over 2*10 4 Hz are called ultrasounds.

The first section, adjacent to the boundary of infrasound, is called low frequencies (LF). The third region, adjacent to the ultrasound boundary, is called high frequency (HF). The second section, lying between the LF and HF, is called the average sound frequencies (MF).

The perception of sound by the organs of hearing depends on what frequencies are included in the sound wave. Noises are called sounds that form a set of frequencies that continuously fills a certain interval (continuous frequency spectrum). Musical (tonal) sounds have a line spectrum of frequencies: frequencies V i , which are part of musical sounds, form a series of discrete (discontinuous) values. Musical sounds correspond to periodic or almost periodic oscillations.

H
To understand how noise affects hearing, it is necessary to consider the structure of the hearing organ (ear) (see Fig. 2, electronic media No. 15). The human ear consists of 3 parts: outer, middle and inner.

Rice. 3
The outer ear consists from the auricle and dormer window, ending with the tympanic membrane.

The middle ear is an air-filled cavity containing three auditory ossicles - the hammer, anvil and stirrup (see Fig. 3, electronic media No. 15). This cavity is connected to the nasopharynx by the Eustachian tube. The inner ear is shaped like a cochlea and is filled with lymph fluid. Along the entire length of the cochlea is the main membrane, consisting of 4-5 thousand fibers. Along the main membrane is the organ of Corti, containing about 30,000 sensitive hairs to

H
Humans have a rather complex apparatus for perceiving sounds. Sound vibrations are collected by the auricle and through the auditory canal act on the eardrum. The oscillations of the latter through a system of small bones are transmitted to the second elastic membrane, the so-called oval window, which covers a small cavity of the cochlea filled with liquid (lymph). Inside the cochlea there are a large number of special fibers that have different lengths and tensions, and, consequently, different natural vibration frequencies. Under the action of a complex sound, each of these fibers resonates to that component tone, the frequency of which coincides with the natural frequency of the fiber, and irritates the corresponding endings of the auditory nerve.

The set of resonant frequencies in the hearing aid determines the area of ​​sound vibrations perceived by us (16 - 20,000 Hz).

I.3. Noise related ear problems

Many people are unaware that loud noise kills sensory hair cells, which do not regenerate after death, just like any other nerve cells. A powerful sound pulse close to the ear, such as a toy gun being fired or the explosion of a Christmas firecracker, can permanently damage hearing. Even more insidious is prolonged noise that people are exposed to, such as listening to music for long periods of time. If you do not use hearing protection, then after a while, slowly and completely imperceptibly, a person will develop hearing loss.

When listening to very loud music for a long time, trauma to the structures of the middle ear can occur, in addition, hemorrhage into the hearing aid is possible. With regular exposure to loud sounds, a person is oppressed auditory analyzer and the central nervous system. This leads to fatigue and increased irritability to environmental factors.

Loud sound affects the entire hearing system, including the ear hairs that serve to intercept sounds and help process them. They usually die off in old age, but constant exposure to excessively loud sound can speed up this process. This is important to remember, scientists say. the death of hairs can make the process of premature hearing loss irreversible.

AND
Table #1
There are the following diseases of the organ of hearing (see Table No. 1, carrier No. 4).

There are three types of hearing loss: conductive, sensorineural, and mixed. Let us dwell on sensorineural hearing loss, because one of the causes of its occurrence is noise exposure. Most cases of sensorineural hearing loss are due to abnormal hair cells in the cochlear organ of Corti. There are cases of sensorineural hearing loss due to pathology of the VIII cranial nerve or in the parts of the brain responsible for hearing. In rare cases, this type of hearing loss affects only the auditory centers of the brain (central hearing loss). Such disorders can lead to deafness of all degrees - from mild to severe - and even complete hearing loss.

An example of sensorineural hearing loss is Cochlear Neuritis. Cochlear neuritis (acoustic neuritis, cochlear neuritis) is a disease of the auditory analyzer, manifested by sensorineural (perceptual) hearing loss and subjective noise in one or both ears.

The reasons are varied. The most important of them are common infectious diseases, atherosclerosis, metabolic and blood diseases, intoxication with drugs, nicotine, alcohol; circulatory disorders in the internal basin carotid artery; exposure to industrial toxic substances; noise and vibration injuries, stressful situations.

Note that there are three degrees of hearing loss: mild (whispered speech is perceived from a distance of 1-3 m and colloquial speech - from a distance of 4 m or more); medium (whisper speech - less than 1 m, colloquial speech - less than 2-4 m); heavy (whispering speech is not perceived, colloquial speech is less than 1 m). Neuritis Cochlear, as it develops, changes in all three degrees.

CHAPTER II. Characteristics and classification of headphones.

II.1. The history of the creation of headphones

History is silent about who was the first to connect two sound emitters in series and attached them to the headband. But to use electrodynamic loudspeakers in headphones (DT48, produced since 1937), the famous German electroacoustician Bayer, the founder of Beyerdynamic, was the first to guess.

H

And John Koss, having launched his first SP-3 stereo headphone model (see Fig. No. 6, electronic media No. 17), actually became the founder of the global personal audio industry.

In the 1960s, Koss was already a trendsetter in the music industry.

However, the company has never forgotten its roots. And by the end of the 60s, it remained among the largest suppliers of headphones for the US Air Force.

In the 70 years that have passed since the appearance of the first dynamic headphones, fundamental design changes have not occurred. The components remained the same - a headband, cups (English earcups) with emitters (diaphragm, coil and magnetic circuit) inside and ear pads. However, today's requirements for the performance and design of headphones are much higher. In this regard, manufacturers had to radically revise the technology and materials used to manufacture all headphone components.

When the world was conquered by stereophony, another important event took place - open-type headphones appeared (Sennheiser HD 414, 1968) with open back, i.e., acoustically transparent cups.

I
Fig.7
I.2 Headphone device

We also reviewed headphones.

Headphones or head phones (English headphone) - a device for personal listening to music, speech or other sound signals.

Figure 7 (carrier no. 7) schematically shows the device of a dynamic closed-type earphone (one of a pair). Inside the housing 1 is an electrodynamic loudspeaker 2 (3 - diffuser). In order to prevent the occurrence of resonant vibrations, the volume under the diffuser is filled with damping material 4. The diffuser is protected by an acoustically transparent grille 5. A soft ear cushion adjoins the edge of the case and at the same time to the auricle (not shown in the figure, like the headband).

II.3. Headphone classification

Headphones are usually classified according to several main criteria, which include the type of acoustic transducer, wearing style and scope.

According to the method of transmitting an electrical signal

1. 
   WIRED - connected to the source by a wire, therefore, they can provide maximum sound quality (respectively, headphones with a professional orientation are exclusively of this type);
2. 
   WIRELESS - connected to the source via a wireless channel, one type or another - radio, infrared, Bluetooth. They are mobile, but they are attached to the base (emitter) and have a limited range, determined by the power of the emitter. They have a lower sound quality compared to wired ones, due to the modulation process during encoding and decoding, which is necessary when transmitting a signal from the emitter to the receiver in the headphones.

1. 
   Plug-in (common name - "inserts") - are inserted into the auricle;
2. 
   Intracanal (common name - "plugs") - are inserted into the ear canal;
3. 
   Overhead - superimposed on the ear;
4. 
   Full-size or monitor - completely wrap around the ear.

1. 
   Headband - headphones with a vertical bow that connects the two cups of the headphones;
2. 
   Neckband - connects the two parts of the headphones, but is located on the back of the head. The main mechanical load is directed to the ears;
3. 
   Ear mounts - usually headphones of this type are fixed on the ears with the help of earhooks or clips;
4. 
   Without mounts - they are held only by the ear pads that are in the ear canal.

1. 
   Double-sided - the connecting cable is connected to each of the ear cups;
2. 
   One-way - the connecting cable is connected to only one of the earcups, the second is connected by a wire outlet from the first, often hidden in the bow.

1. 
   Dynamic - use the electrodynamic principle of transformation. The most common type of headphones. Structurally, an earpiece is a radiator or a membrane to which a coil with a wire is attached, which is in the magnetic field of a permanent magnet. If an alternating current is passed through it, then the magnetic field created by the coil will interact with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet, as a result of which the membrane will move, repeating the shape of the electrical signal of the sound frequency (see the article "Loudspeaker"). The electrodynamic method of signal conversion has many disadvantages and limitations, but the constantly improving design of such headphones and new materials make it possible to achieve very high sound quality;
2. 
   With a balanced anchor - the main part is a U-shaped anchor made of a ferromagnetic alloy. In colloquial speech, they are often called "reinforcing" because of the consonance of the English word armature (anchor) with Russian fittings;
3. 
   Electrostatic - use the thinnest membrane located between two electrodes. The cost of such headphones is usually high, but they demonstrate very high sensitivity and high fidelity of the reproduced sound. The disadvantage is that they cannot be directly connected to a standard headphone output, so a special docking station is included with them;
4. 
   Isodynamic - a thin film membrane, with metal conductive paths applied to it, is enclosed in a lattice of bar magnets and oscillates between them. See also "Hale Emitter";
5. 
   Orthodynamic - similar in principle to isodynamic, but the membrane and magnets are round.

1. 
   Open type - partially pass external sounds, which allows you to achieve a more natural sound. Many listeners note the sound of open headphones as more transparent and natural compared to the sound of closed headphones. In addition, open acoustic design does not make you auditory "cut off" from the outside world. However, if the external noise level is high, the sound will be hard to hear through open headphones. In addition, open headphones, working at high volume, can interfere with others. Do not create pressure on the inner ear;
2. 
   Semi-open type (or semi-closed type) - have many of the properties of open headphones, but at the same time provide decent sound isolation;
3. 
   Closed type - do not let in external noise and provide maximum sound insulation, which allows them to be used in noisy environments, as well as in cases where you need to fully concentrate on listening. If the ear pads (cups) do not fit well, the reproduction of low frequencies deteriorates in closed headphones, therefore, in closed headphones with a bow, the pressure they produce on the head is usually higher than in open ones.

1. 
   Low-resistance - with resistance from a few ohms to several hundred ohms;
2. 
   High-resistance - with resistance from a few kOhm to several tens of kOhm.

1. 
   Jack (6.3);
2. 
   Mini-jack (3.5);
3. 
   Micro-jack (2.5) and others;

The main technical characteristics are: frequency range, sensitivity, impedance, maximum power and distortion level as a percentage.

frequency response

This characteristic affects the sound quality of the headphones. Headphones with a large membrane diameter have an increased sound quality. The average value of the frequency response is 18 Hz - 20,000 Hz.

Sensitivity

Sensitivity affects the volume of sound in the headphones. Usually headphones provide a sensitivity of at least 100 dB, with a lower sensitivity, the sound may be too quiet (especially when using headphones with a player or similar devices). Sensitivity is affected by the material of the magnetic core used in the headphones (for example, neodymium magnetic cores). In-ear headphones with a small membrane diameter have a low-power magnet.

Resistance (impedance)

Here it is important to match the value of the headphone impedance modulus and the output impedance of the sound source.

Max Power

The maximum (passport) input power determines the sound volume.

Distortion level

Headphone distortion is measured as a percentage. The lower this percentage, the better the sound quality. Less than 1% headphone distortion in the 100 Hz to 2 kHz band is acceptable, while 10% is acceptable below 100 Hz.

Chapter III. Research progress

III.1. Headphone rating

The basic criteria for evaluating headphones are sound quality and convenience.

As you know, the feeling of the 3-dimensionality of the sound space appears in us due to the interaction of the sound wave with the head, shoulders and auricles. Depending on the direction of propagation, sound interacts with them in different ways and changes its phase, frequency and amplitude characteristics. Based on the analysis of these changes, our brain draws conclusions about the location of the sound source.

When listening to music through headphones, almost all natural human mechanisms for localizing sound in space turn out to be unused. Headphones are worn directly on the auricles, so neither the head nor the body of a person affects the characteristics of the audible sound. On-ear headphones are pressed quite tightly against the auricle, in turn, pressing it to the head. This position is unnatural for the outer ear, and the auricle, which is, in fact, a spatial frequency decoding device, cannot determine the location of the sound source. If we consider in-ear headphones, or, moreover, plugs, then the situation with them is even more complicated, since they work directly in the auditory canal and the most complex geometry of the auricle is not involved in the formation of a sound image at all. All these circumstances lead to the fact that the sound field transmitted by the headphones, as it were, is "inside the listener's head", and is not localized in the space in front of him, as it should ideally be.

The universal criteria for choosing headphones are the sound quality and ergonomic properties of the headphones.

The following are signs of sound quality:

• 
  clear sound, no distortion or interference
• 
  deep, crisp bass

The convenience of headphones lies in the following facts:

Comfort - any discomfort will only increase with prolonged wear. If these are in-ear headphones, make sure that they do not fall out of your ears and do not cause discomfort. In this aspect, one of the key design elements of the headphones is the headband. What material it is made of does not matter; Today's plastic is as strong as metal. Something else is important. The headband and partially ear pads determine the amount of contact pressure (contact pressure) of the headphones - a parameter measured in Newtons and appeared in the specifications relatively recently. A pair of headband - ear pads ensures even distribution of the load on different parts of the user's head. If there is great pressure on the “temechko” or on the ears, fatigue will set in very soon. If, on the contrary, the headband is too loose, then even very tight-fitting ear cushions will not be able to provide proper comfort.

Customizability - how easily the headband and ear cups can adjust to the shape of the wearer's head.

Type and length of the wire - there are two types of wires: "Y-shaped", bifurcated and suitable separately for each ear cup, and "one-sided", suitable for ear cups only on one side. The average wire length is 1.5-3 m.

Note that closed-back headphones put more pressure on the middle ear than open-back headphones. Closed-back headphones have more bass than the recording itself. And in open-type headphones, despite the fact that there is no sound isolation, there is no prevailing bass, “resonant” overtones, the sound is more voluminous and you can hear details in them that will not be heard in closed-type headphones.

Also, the volume level depends on the impedance of the headphones, that is, on the sum of active and reactive resistance (active - wire resistance, reactive - resistance of the emitter coil). Safer for hearing are high-smart headphones, because. these headphones will not give out any distortion or sufficient volume.

I
Rice. 7
II.2 . Determination of the headphone sound pressure level

Rice. 6

An important task of our work is to determine the sound pressure level in the headphones. The auricle is the main natural mechanism for sound localization in space (see Fig. 6 , electronic media No. 16). When using headphones, the shape of the auricle is practically not involved in the formation of sound (see Fig. 7).

To calculate the sound pressure level, we used the formula that we took from the book of the English engineer R. Taylor (Carrier No. 4):

, where SPL is the sound pressure level, USM is the sound power level, r is the distance from the earpiece to the eardrum.

The sound power level in dB is a function of the ratio of the power of sound waves W near the noise source to the zero value W 0 equal to 10 -12 W. The sound power level is calculated using the formula:

SPM = 10lg(W/W 0)

Table number 2

It should be remembered that sounds of 85 dB and above already have a harmful effect on hearing. A sound of 130 dB already causes a painful sensation in a person, and at 150 it becomes unbearable for him. A sound of 180 dB causes metal fatigue, and at 190 rivets break out of structures.

The loudness of the noise depends not only on the SPL, but also on its frequency. At a low volume level, a person is less sensitive to sounds of very low and high frequencies.

Rice. #7 Equal Loudness Curve Diagram

When listening to loud music for a long time, decreased auditory activity.

III.3. Student survey, survey analysis

We conducted a survey among students in grades 7-11, with the help of which we wanted to find out the conditions for listening to music in headphones and their use by today's youth (see Appendix No. 1)

The following results were obtained:

1) Use headphones 95%,

2) Basically, headphones are used to raise the mood - 37%, to relax - 32%, to isolate from the outside world - 19% and not to disturb others - 12% (see Appendix No. 2)

3) Know the brand of their headphones - 30%

4) Know the power of their headphones 1%

5) Rock music is preferred - 8%; rap, hip hop-30%; jazz, soul-6%...

6) When listening to music, students use the volume: weak-7%, medium-65%, strong-28% (see Appendix No. 3)

7) Respondents listen to music with headphones every day - 34%, several times a week - 41%, rarely - 25% (see Appendix No. 4)

8) The fact that the speech of others is not heard clearly enough after listening to music in headphones paid attention-32%, did not pay attention-68%

9) The children experience sensations after listening to music: tinnitus-5%, ringing in the ears-7%, hearing loss-8%, nervous sensations-40%, headache-4% and no sensations-36% (see appendix #5)

10) 3% went to the doctor with complaints about hearing loss, 97% did not (see Appendix No. 6)

From the statistics of our school doctor Boeva ​​Natalya Petrovna, we received the following data:

But do not forget that in addition to the frequency and loudness of the noise, the development of hearing loss is affected by age, auditory sensitivity, duration, nature of the noise, and a number of other reasons. The disease develops gradually, so it is especially important to take appropriate noise protection measures in advance. Under the influence of strong noise, especially high-frequency noise, irreversible changes occur in the hearing organ. At high noise levels, a decrease in auditory sensitivity occurs after 1-2 years, at medium levels it is detected much later, after 5-10 years. The sequence in which hearing loss occurs is now well understood. At first, intense noise causes temporary hearing loss. Under normal conditions, hearing is restored in a day or two. But if noise exposure continues for months or, as is the case in industry, for years, there is no recovery, and the temporary shift in hearing threshold becomes permanent.

First, nerve damage affects the perception of the high-frequency range of sound vibrations (4 thousand hertz or higher), gradually spreading to lower frequencies. The high sounds “f” and “s” become inaudible.

The nerve cells of the inner ear are so damaged that they atrophy, die, and do not recover.

Noisy music too dulls hearing. A group of specialists examined young people who often listen to trendy contemporary music. In 20 percent of boys and girls, hearing turned out to be dulled to the same extent as 85-year-olds.

Be sure to read all warnings and instructions before using the headphones. To avoid hearing loss, we recommend that you:

1. 
   Listen to music at a volume not exceeding 50% of the maximum possible, and reduce the time you use your headphones to 1 hour a day (or less).
2. 
   Always mute your audio device before inserting the headphones into your ears.
3. 
   After inserting the headphones, gradually increase the volume until it reaches an acceptable level for you.
4. 
   Using headphones at levels above normal human levels (more than 85dB) or for extended periods of time may impair your hearing.
5. 
   Ringing in the ears and other discomfort may be a signal that you need to turn down the volume.
6. 
   Damage to your hearing can occur gradually or cumulatively. In many cases, you may not see cause for concern for a long time. Hearing tests and medical tests are the only way to diagnose impending hearing problems. However, we strongly recommend that you see a doctor if you experience any of the following symptoms:

• 
  Ringing or buzzing in the ears
• 
  Difficulties in recognizing someone else's speech
• 
  “Mute” sounds

Normal hearing is very important for you to enjoy music and for your life in general. Protect your hearing by listening to music in reasonable amounts and at normal volume to maintain good hearing for years to come.

CONCLUSIONS

1) We found that the instructions for acoustic headphones do not contain a warning that their use can cause irreparable harm to health.

2) After calculating the sound pressure level, we came to the conclusion that it is necessary to use headphones at a volume not exceeding 50% of the maximum possible.

3) According to the survey, some children of our school neglect the elementary rules for using headphones and do not think that they may lose their hearing.

4) Using headphones with excessive volume (more than 85 dB) and for a long time has a harmful effect on the human hearing organ.

Literature

1) Kabardin O.F. Physics: Ref. materials. Proc. allowance for students. - M .: Education, 1985. - 359 p., ill.

2) Mikhailov A.A. Paramedic's Handbook / A.A. Mikhailov, A.L. Isaeva, M.Kh. Turyanova and others / Ed. A.A. Mikhailov. - M.: Medicine, 1990. - In 2 volumes. T.1. – 496 p. ISBN 5-255-01181-0

3) Pavlenko Yu.G. Beginnings of physics. - M .: Publishing House of Moscow. university 1988. - 639 p. – ISBN 5 – 211 – 00103 – 6

4) Taylor R. "Noise." Per. from English. D. I. Arnold. Ed. M. A. Isakovich. M., Mir, 1978.

5) Tsuzmer A.M. Petrishina O.L. Biology: Man and his health: Proc. for 9 cells. general education institutions / Ed. V.N. Zagorskaya and others - 24th ed. – M.: Enlightenment, 1990. – 240 p.: ill. – ISBN 5 – 09 – 008684 – 2

6) Elliot L., Wilcox W. Physics M., 1975, 736 pages with illustrations.

7) Lev Orlov, magazine "Sound engineer" article "From headphones to headphones: history of development", publication date 08.02.2008

8) http://www.istok-audio.com/pages.php?part=info&sub=80

9) http://ivanstor.narod.ru/noise/203.htm

10) http://www.inrost.ru/library/technical/projecting/noise/generaldata.html

11) http://article.techlabs.by/print/49_1020.html power basic concepts

12) http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki stuff about headphones

13) http://delta-grup.ru/bibliot/16/67.htm library of technical literature

14) http://kazakiy.h11.ru/akustika_html/akustik_001.html#f013 Sound waves for technical school

15) http://festival.1september.ru/articles/504678/ presentation, lesson

17) http://doctorhead.ru/articles/about_koss - history headphones

Application No. 1

Questionnaire

Application №2

Application №3

Application No. 4

Application No. 5

Application No. 6

In the last decade, there has been a sharp increase in the number of young people listening to music from an audio player with headphones.

In this regard, doctors began to diagnose in young people a rapid hearing loss at a rate usually found only in older patients. . In some cases, this hearing loss is irreversible and leads to complete deafness.

By themselves, headphones and their reasonable use in various cases of life do not bring harm. People, by virtue of their professional duties, use headphones: these are radio operators, sound engineers, and dispatchers. However, despite the fact that they spend many hours on headphones in a row, their hearing does not deteriorate as quickly as that of fans of loud music. Why? The fact is that portable sound-conducting devices have given rise to a new class of headphones - the so-called "plugs" that are inserted inside the auricle. Such headphones are formally open type, since it is believed that they do not prevent sounds from the outside world from penetrating into the ear. , but in reality, some models almost hermetically isolate the hearing organs from the outside world.

Features of the human ear to the perception of sounds

Our ear is designed in such a way that it distinguishes sounds that have a frequency of 16 to 20 thousand hertz.. Frequencies in this range cause the eardrums to vibrate; Signals travel through the auditory nerves to the brain. Doctors believe that the quietest sounds that a healthy ear can pick up are 10-15 decibels (dB). A whisper is already estimated at 20 dB, a normal conversation - at 30-35 dB. Shouting at 60 dB SPL already causes discomfort, and any continuous noise above 90 dB can lead to partial hearing loss. In other words, any pop - or rock concert with a level of 100-120 dB is a serious test for the ears. The same sound pressure can be easily achieved in any modern audio players.

Loud high frequencies are the most dangerous for the ear, low frequencies are in second place.. The maximum noise level that a person can endure for 8 hours without harm to health is up to 85 dB. Anything louder and longer can lead to hearing loss. The audio player, on the other hand, reproduces sound with a volume of 110 decibels or more, so even with perfect headphones you can’t listen to loud music for a long time. According to experts, age-related changes in hearing begin around the age of forty, but prolonged exposure to loud sound, as well as the use of audio players with headphones in the form of ear plugs, can lead to hearing loss as early as 30-40 years old.

Ear response to loud and ultra-loud sounds and

hearing loss symptoms

Nature provides a mechanism that protects the inner ear from damage: when exposed to loud low and high-frequency sounds, two muscles - the stirrup and straining eardrum - contract, and with the help of the auditory ossicles block the access of dangerous vibrations to the inner ear. If loud sounds do not stop for a long time, the muscles simply get tired and cease to protect the inner ear. With regular exposure to loud sounds, a person's auditory analyzer and central nervous system are depressed. This leads to fatigue and increased irritability to environmental factors. The "catalysts" of the process are a weakened body, stress, smoking and alcohol.

First of all, there are unpleasant sensations after listening: tinnitus, slight dizziness and hearing loss for a while.

One of the common reactions to prolonged and severe noise exposure is a subjective ringing or annoying noise in the ears, which is heard only by the patient himself. Most of the patients with this disease are people in their 30s and 40s; many were early adopters of audio players.

Why is it dangerous to wear headphones for a long time?

Headphones, especially in-ears, can be dangerous. When listening to music in them, it is difficult to control the sound level, and you can quietly achieve a volume of 110 - 130 dB, and this can already damage your hearing. Before buying an audio player with such headphones, you should think carefully.

Recommendations of an audiologist for fans of players: when using conventional headphones, you can listen to music without harm to your health at a volume slightly above half of the maximum for one hour a day. Then turn off the audio player and let the auditory nerve rest for 2-3 hours.

Some ethical aspects of wearing audio players

Excessive passion for listening to music on headphones outside the home environment has a number of negative aspects not only for the one who does it, but also for the people around him.

First – ethical. A person riding the subway or bus and listening to a screaming player is not just a person who has firmly decided to lose his hearing. He also does not respect those around him, forced to listen to annoying hiss from his headphones.

Second – it is a matter of survival of a person with an audio player in headphones on the streets of a big city. Such a person exists simultaneously in two dimensions: his body is in the real world, and one of the most important sense organs, hearing, is in a virtual hall created by the efforts of sound engineers. In this state, a person can fall under the wheels of a moving vehicle, get injured on the street, etc.

The third – respect for music. The habit of constantly listening to music, sooner or later, leads to the belief that music is just an unobtrusive background, and this is a direct way to belittling its role in a person's life. Such “music lovers” simply perceive a set of sounds and rhythms and stop seeing an idea, a picture, an image, an appeal in music.

To avoid premature authorized hearing loss and hearing loss, the following precautions must be observed:

• Refrainfrom listening to music on headphones in public transport, while driving along the street and sidewalk, in large crowds, etc.
• Not to doloud music in headphones, trying to drown out external noise, for example, the noise level in the subway reaches 105 dB, and by slightly increasing the volume in the audio player, you can get a dangerous level of 110 dB;
• Restricttime listening to music in headphones (especially when using earplugs).
• enjoyclosed headphones to avoid reaching dangerous volumes.
• givinguh rest.
• quitSmoking: Smoking doubles the risk of hearing loss after prolonged noise exposure.

Remember: your health is in your hands!

Assistant doctor hygienist of the public health department Rusakovich A.G.