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Subclavian lymphadenitis. Lymphadenitis - causes, symptoms, treatment of acute and chronic forms of lymphadenitis

Reactive lymphadenitis (inflammation of the lymph glands) is a dependent disease. This pathological process is a concomitant symptom of various diseases, both bacterial and viral etiology.

Reactive lymphadenitis characterizes the initial phase (reactive) of disorders, in the form of a primary reaction to the source of infection in the human body.

The treatment of lymphadenitis itself will not be effective without determining the exact cause that caused the pathological condition.

What is reactive lymphadenitis

Reactive lymphadenitis is part of a general chain of painful changes that are almost asymptomatic. Accordingly, a reactive change in the lymph nodes is the initial manifestation of the disease, the first sign of the body's fight against infection.

For example, with a latent form of tuberculosis (latent), the pathogen (Koch's wand) can remain in an inactive phase for a long time. It can be completely neutralized by the body's defenses without causing any harm to a person.

However, as a result, often, of a number of negative influences, a dormant infection can be activated. Then with a high probability they will be the first to take a hit The lymph nodes as an integral part of the immune system.

The following factors can provoke the appearance of reactive lymphadenitis:

Chronic inflammation.
Low immunity.
Frequent colds.
Hypothermia.
Long stay in a stuffy, unventilated room.
Lack of sunlight.
Chronic emotional overstrain, severe stress, can trigger the mechanisms of a dormant infection, for example, Koch's bacilli in tuberculosis.
Malnutrition, mono-diets.
Frequent fatigue.
Sedentary lifestyle.
Bad habits (alcohol abuse, smoking).
Avitaminosis.
Often reactive lymphadenitis manifests itself in children under 6 years of age due to immature immunity, as a reaction to any focus of inflammation in the child's body. It can be rhinitis, otitis and acute respiratory viral infections.

Clinical manifestations of reactive lymphadenitis

Reactive inflammation in the lymph nodes is a concomitant symptom of a disease.

Often the zone of inflamed lymph nodes indicates a local pathological process in the same area, that is, it is nearby, near the focus of inflammation.

The initial sign of reactive lymphadenitis is reactive lymphadenopathy, as the very first reaction of the body in response to infection.

It can manifest itself by an increase in a different number of lymph nodes and their mild soreness.

Left unattended, this pathological process is aggravated by lymphadenitis, which can be recognized by the following signs:

Enlargement, swelling of the lymph nodes.
Lymph glands are painful on palpation and pressure.
Swelling and redness of the skin over the affected lymph nodes.
The glands are not soldered to the skin and to each other, dense to the touch.

Depending on the factors that triggered the development of reactive lymphadenitis, it may be accompanied by the following manifestations:

General weakness.
Elevated or subfebrile (37 ° C) body temperature.
Headache.
Sleep disturbance.
Cough.
Rhinitis.

Important! If there is severe pain in the area of one lymph node or a whole group of them, an increase in body temperature of more than 38.5 ° C, rapid breathing and heartbeat (signs of purulent lymphadenitis), it is necessary to urgently consult a doctor

The fact is that with reactive lymphadenopathy after treatment of the underlying disease, the lymph nodes almost always return to normal on their own.

However, if the primary pathology is left without appropriate therapy or the treatment is insufficient, the process may be complicated by painful changes in the lymph glands themselves.

In this case, there may be a proliferation of lymphoid tissue, with the development of reactive hyperplasia in the lymph nodes, with a violation of their function.

This can cause their suppuration or the spread of infection to nearby tissues and the entire human body.

What diseases and conditions can be accompanied by reactive inflammation of the lymph glands

Reactive lymphadenitis may accompany diseases such as:

Tuberculosis. Parotid and axillary nodes often become inflamed. Lymphadenopathy of the cervical lymph nodes may also occur.
Angina.
Tonsillitis.
pathological process in oral cavity(caries, stomatitis).
Acute mastitis caused by staphylococcus and streptococcus bacteria.
AIDS.
Syphilis.
Diseases of women and men genitourinary system. For example, hyperplastic (tissue growth). Abnormal changes in the mucous membrane of the uterus (polyps, endometrial hyperplasia). A woman often manifests an increase in inguinal lymph nodes.
Enterocolitis.
Flu.
Otitis.
Sinusitis.
Teething in infants.
Adenoiditis in children.
Bubonic plague.

Which specialist should be contacted if the lymph nodes are enlarged or inflamed for no apparent reason

Reactive hyperplasia of the lymph nodes is dangerous because it can go unnoticed by the patient.

With general weakness, increased fatigue, subfebrile body temperature, sweating, as well as with any ailment, it is necessary to pay attention to the lymph nodes.

With their increase, pain during palpation, first of all, you need to consult a general practitioner.

After the examination, the doctor can give a referral to such specialists as:

Urologist.
Gynecologist.
Dentist.
Gastroenterologist.
Infectionist.
Mammologist.
Surgeon.

What research can a doctor prescribe

If reactive lymphadenitis is detected, in order to understand the cause of the disease and determine the state of the lymph glands themselves, the doctor may prescribe the following tests:

General analysis of urine and blood (with formula).
Blood for syphilis, HIV, viral hepatitis.
Bacteriological examination of blood, urine. To identify pathogens, to sensitivity to antibiotics.
Tumor markers.
Blood for hormones.
Biochemistry.
Cytological and bacteriological analysis of discharge from the vagina, urethra.
Bacteriological culture of sputum.
Puncture of the lymph node with subsequent cytological examination.

Also, a doctor may recommend a patient with reactive lymphadenitis to undergo such instrumental diagnostics as:

X-ray (fluorography, mammography, urography).
Computed tomogram (CT).
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Gastroduodenoscopy.
Sigmoidoscopy.
Bronchoscopy.

Treatment

Reactive lymphadenitis can be initial symptom many diseases. Accordingly, his treatment will be based on the elimination of the source of infection itself.

If the bacterial flora acts as an infectious agent of the pathological process, then antibiotic therapy is used first of all.

A fungal infection is treated, for example, with drugs such as:

Fluconazole.
Rumikoz.
Orungal.
Nizoral.

To fight viral infection The following antiviral agents will be effective:

Interferon.
Tsitovir.
Kagocel.
Amiksin.
Remantadin.
Arbidol.

Important! You can not self-medicate reactive lymphadenitis. This pathology can be a manifestation of various diseases, which can only be determined by a doctor. All of the above drugs are prescribed exclusively by a doctor.

Prevention

Preventive measures for reactive lymphadenitis include the following:

For any symptoms of malaise ( subfebrile temperature body, sweating, chills, fatigue) that last more than 5 days consult a doctor.
Women visit a mammologist and gynecologist once a year. After forty years, undergo a mammogram every 12 months, visit a gynecologist every six months.
Men undergo preventive examinations by a urologist once a year.
In case of prolonged weakness, prolonged cough, consult a doctor.
In wet slushy weather, during epidemics, to increase immunity, you need to take decoctions and tinctures of herbs that strengthen the body's defenses. For example, such as:
- Tinctures of echinacea, eleutherococcus can be purchased at the pharmacy. Take after consultation with the doctor in accordance with the attached instructions.
- Rosehip decoction. This drink can be prepared using a thermos in the following way:

Rinse a thermos with boiling water.
Place in it 2 tablespoons of rose hips washed with running water.
Pour in a liter of freshly boiled water.
Insist 8 hours.
Then strain through 4 layers of gauze into a liter glass container.
Fill in the missing volume with boiled water.

The berries left in the thermos do not need to be thrown away. They can be poured a second time with boiling water and used according to the above scheme.

Also, for the normal functioning of the immune system, the prevention of various diseases, it is necessary to lead a healthy lifestyle. It is necessary to avoid physical and emotional overstrain, engage in feasible physical education, eat well, do not neglect rest, sleep, and be outdoors as often as possible.

Very often, the lymph nodes increase due to a non-specific inflammatory process - reactive lymphadenitis (non-tumor nature) occurs, and as differential diagnosis in this case, ultrasound data of the lymph nodes are very important.

For the convenience of diagnosis, all nonspecific reactive lymphadenitis is divided as follows:

According to the course of the disease: 1) acute; 2) subacute; 3) chronic lymphadenitis.
By localization of the process: 1) isolated; 2) regional; 3) widespread; 4) generalized lymphadenitis.

Those reactive changes that occur in response to various pathological processes in the body (such as an inflammatory process or vaccination) contribute to the appearance of such ultrasound signs as: an increase in the size of the lymph node, tension in its capsule, increased vascular pattern of the lymph node, expansion its cortical and near-cortical zones, edema and rupture of the capsule, expansion of the sinuses is determined, as well as single anechoic structures of a "cystic" nature can be found in the lymph node, in the future their abscess formation may occur. It should also be taken into account that changes in the lymph nodes that are located next to the tumor, with ultrasound of the lymph nodes, can also manifest themselves as a non-specific inflammatory reaction.

Hyperplastic nodes according to ultrasound of the lymph nodes are more often oval, their echostructure is hyperechoic, with a thin hypoechoic rim, which occupies about 1/3 of the node; if we talk about the size of the affected lymph nodes, then the size of the lymph nodes in the inguinal regions, as a rule, is not more than 3.5x1.5 cm, in other anatomical areas - 2.5x1 cm. The ratio of the thickness to the length of the lymph nodes with hyperplasia does not exceed 1: 2. The contours of such lymph nodes are clear, even. With the development of reactive lymphadenitis, the anatomical architecture of the node is preserved. If there are hypoechoic nodes of an oval or round shape, with even clear contours, small sizes, sometimes with a hyperechoic center that occupies less than 2/3 of the node, such lymph nodes can be both hyperplastic and metastatic.

The vessels in the inflamed lymph node are more dilated compared to the vessels of the metastatic lymph node, which, on the contrary, are usually compressed by tumor cells.

In both normal and reactively altered lymph nodes during an inflamed process, visible vessels are more often located in the region of the gate of the lymph node or are not detected at all. In a hyperplastic lymph node big size the vascular pattern in its peripheral parts is always ordered, the blood vessels are determined along the capsule, and are also located radially from the gate to the periphery.

With node hyperplasia, if adequate treatment of lymph nodes with a positive effect was carried out, they become less contrasting, and there is also a decrease in their size. In chronic lymphadenitis, a thickening of the capsule of the lymph nodes is often noted, signs of soldering it with the tissues surrounding the node.

This is a symptom of a variety of diseases, both viral and bacterial in nature. Therefore, without determining the cause and causative agent of a particular lymphadenitis, its treatment is often ineffective. It is important to remember that with signs of lymphadenitis (inflammation of the parotid gland, cervical lymph nodes, axillary and others), only a doctor can prescribe adequate treatment. And only a doctor can determine whether it can be used for treatment folk methods, and which folk methods are safe and effective.

Causes of the disease

Since lymphadenitis is most often a manifestation of another disease, it can be argued that the cause of lymphadenitis is precisely the primary disease. For treatment, it is important to determine the etiology of the disease. There are many diseases, the symptom of which is inflammation of the lymph nodes. The fact is that the lymph glands are an accumulation of cells representing the body's defense system - immunity. With the flow of blood and lymph, pathogens enter the lymph nodes. Often the lymph node copes with the task, neutralizing the "violator". However, with a serious attack on the immune system, the body itself may not be able to cope. Then there is inflammation - lymphadenitis, for example, the parotid zone.

The most common nonspecific lymphadenitis of infectious etiology (that is, caused, for example, by streptococci and staphylococci, representatives of the nonspecific microflora of the body). The root causes of the inflammatory processes of the lymphatic gland of this group include tonsillitis, tonsillitis, some diseases of the oral cavity and teeth. Inflammation of the lymph nodes of the breast can be caused by acute mastitis, which is a consequence of a streptococcal or staphylococcal infection.

The disease-cause of specific lymphadenitis is not so easy to determine. Inflammation of the lymph nodes is characteristic, for example, of AIDS, syphilis, tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is characterized by inflammation of the parotid group of lymph nodes, cervical, axillary. Some autoimmune diseases are also capable of causing corresponding inflammation.

The chronic variant of lymphadenitis manifests itself against the background of long-term, sluggish diseases. The cause can be any chronic inflammatory process - chronic tonsillitis, chronic diseases of the teeth, mammary gland. And inflammation of the nodes of the abdominal cavity - can be caused, for example, by enterocolitis. But lymphadenitis in the abdominal cavity can be caused by SARS, such as influenza. The parotid lymph node can become inflamed with diseases of the inner ear, auricle and other tissues of the parotid region. Also, a chronic process is possible with some cancers.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

There are about 600 lymph nodes in the human body. Most often, submandibular, parotid, mesenteric (mesenteric), cervical, occipital, axillary and inguinal lymph nodes, lymph nodes of the mammary gland and abdominal cavity are affected. With regional lymphadenitis (sometimes called regional), local lymph nodes become inflamed. Symptoms of regional lymphadenitis - inflammation of regional lymph nodes (axillary, breast lymph nodes, subclavian and supraclavicular). However, there are many more possible foci of inflammation of the gland.

There are symptoms similar to all types of lymphadenitis. Lymph nodes increase in size and are easy to feel and sometimes see. At the beginning of the inflammatory process, the lymph nodes (glands) are soft, with the progression of the disease, they harden, swell, and the skin turns red. When pressed, pain is felt.

However, there are specific symptoms associated with different types lymphadenitis. For example, acute lymphadenitis is characterized by a sharp increase and soreness of the lymph node, fever, general weakness. Whereas chronic lymphadenitis (for example, of the abdominal cavity or parotid lymphatic gland) proceeds without pronounced symptoms. Sometimes a chronic inflammatory process may be accompanied by an opening of the focus.

With serous lymphadenitis, the symptoms are moderate. The general condition of the patient worsened slightly, the lymph nodes (for example, parotid or supraclavicular) are enlarged and painful. The purulent process is characterized by a sharp, twitching pain, redness is observed, the lymph nodes merge. A purulent variant of the disease can also cause lethargy, sleep disturbance, and high fever.

If purulent lymphadenitis is not treated properly, then adenophlegmon may form. In this condition, in addition to redness, swelling and soreness, there is an increase in body temperature, rapid heartbeat, and weakness. In this case, the patient must be examined by a doctor, since the consequences are very dangerous.

To diagnose and determine the disease that caused lymphadenitis, the doctor analyzes information from the anamnesis. If possible, it is established where the outflow of lymph occurs with a specific lymphadenitis. This is especially important in the case when lymphadenitis is reactive. Further, a number of laboratory studies are carried out ( general analysis blood, test for specific infections). Further diagnostic tools are: puncture or excisional biopsy, Mantoux test for suspected tuberculosis, etc.

Treatment of the disease

Treatment of lymphadenitis depends on a number of factors. The main one is the cause of the primary disease, what nature it is, and also from the course of the disease (acute or chronic process). Often, therapy is aimed precisely at combating the underlying diseases. Chronic lymphadenitis is treated only after establishing its cause. Treats a chronic inflammatory process most often the same list of drugs, the same remedies as the underlying disease. Acute lymphadenitis is also desirable to treat by eliminating the cause, but there are additional methods and treatments.

If a blood test and other studies indicate the bacterial nature of the lymphadenitis disease (for example, abdominal or parotid), antibiotics are prescribed, since the fight against bacterial infections is carried out antibacterial agents. Most often, they are treated with antibiotics of the penicillin group that are resistant to penicillinase (ampicillin, amoxicillin, for example, amoxiclav, augmentin, etc.). If possible, an analysis is carried out to identify a specific pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics. Some antibacterial agents have specific contraindications. For example, penicillins - augmentin, amoxiclav can cause a rash in mononucleosis. Therefore, the doctor must decide which antibiotics to prescribe.

External agents are also used (Dimexide, anti-inflammatory ointments). It is important to remember that dimexide is contraindicated in children.

Purulent and acute lymphadenitis is sometimes treated surgically. Treatment requires opening abscesses, the doctor performs an operation under general anesthesia. After opening, the abscess is drained, then sutures are applied. The decision on the need for surgery is also made by the doctor, so it is necessary to get a consultation immediately after the onset of disturbing symptoms.

Treatment of specific lymphadenitis is a more complex process. In this case, treatment is aimed at eliminating the underlying cause. Antibiotics are prescribed, for example, amoxiclav and other drugs effective for these diseases. Often this therapy takes a long time. Special preparations can be injected into the inflamed lymph node itself. The doctor may decide to treat you in a hospital.

Alternative treatment

There is an opinion that folk methods can treat lymphadenitis. Given the specifics of the process and the fact that lymphadenitis is a sign of certain diseases, you should not get carried away with folk, since effective treatment possible only after identifying the root cause. And the doctor treats the main disease taking into account its specifics, and it is not always possible to achieve success with folk methods.

Chronic lymphadenitis with folk methods prescribes treatment with dandelion juice or a decoction of nettle and yarrow, walnut leaves, etc. Abdominal lymphadenitis is sometimes advised to be treated with purified kerosene. Sometimes warm compresses are used using, for example, dimexide. However, in some cases, warm compresses are contraindicated, in addition, Dimexide not only heals, it has a number of its own contraindications.

Often, when folk methods seem to give results, it is folk methods that have nothing to do with it. The fact is that the body is able to cope with many infections on its own. And, for example, a lotion with a decoction does not treat the root cause. However, it is possible that these folk remedies can remove some of the unpleasant symptoms, but the cause of the disease can be much more serious and require immediate treatment with antibacterial agents. Therefore, be sure to consult your doctor before starting treatment at home. folk recipes, especially if there is an acute or purulent process. In some cases, antibiotics (amoxiclav, penicillin and others, depending on the specifics of the disease) and other drugs are needed. The consequences of self-medication with folk remedies can be very dangerous, as well as drugs.

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The presented materials are general information and cannot replace the advice of a doctor.

Cervical lymphadenitis

Cervical lymphadenitis - a disease with two faces

In ordinary colloquial speech, you will never hear the phrase "cervical lymphadenitis." Not because no one knows about it, but because this disease is used to be called a disease of the lymph nodes. It should be noted that cervical lymphadenitis is more talked about in relation to the adult part of the population. It is extremely rare in children and does not pose a particular danger. However, with adults, things are much more serious. The whole essence of the disease is built on the lymphatic system, which is the first to rush into battle with the enemy.

It is the enlarged lymph nodes that indicate that pathogens are present in our body that can provoke not only a serious, but also the mildest disease. We want to immediately warn you that if you find thickenings on the neck, you should not panic. We just hinted at cancer cells. Enlarged lymph nodes in isolated cases indicate the content of cancer cells in them.

Causes of cervical lymphadenitis

One of the main reasons that provoke inflammation of the lymph nodes, as we said above, is the entry of pathogenic infections into our body. Among the most frequent "guests" doctors distinguish:

The number one risk group is people who have a weakened the immune system. However, cervical lymphadenitis can be caused by developing diseases or occur against the background of already past/past. The most striking catalysts or provocateurs are:

acute diseases of the nasopharynx;
disorders in the metabolic system;
a wide variety of allergic reactions;
alcohol abuse;
pathologies in connective tissues;
oncological diseases;
work disruption thyroid gland;
HIV infection.

We will not repeat. However, the following must be said: any disease-causing organisms enter our body for the sole purpose of hitting the immune system. It is thanks to the work of the protective functions of the body that all pathogenic invaders are not only blocked in the lymph nodes, but also localized in them. Excessive accumulation of alien invaders on this peculiar front line is accompanied by inflammatory processes in the lymph nodes. The form can be either acute or chronic.

Based on the foregoing, an extremely important task is to diagnose the disease at the very early stage. Otherwise, you will have to reap the fruits of recklessness, which has turned into a neglected infection.

Any suspicion, even the slightest, of swollen lymph nodes should result in an appointment with a qualified doctor.

Cervical lymphadenitis and its symptoms

As mentioned earlier, with cervical lymphadenitis, some seals appear on the neck, and, in some cases, there is a slight swelling. During her palpation, it is possible pain. In the case when the disease progresses in the patient, the following symptoms will appear:

general malaise;
headache;
loss of appetite;
high body temperature (if acute form lymphodenitis);
intoxication (if we are talking about a small child).

Accordingly, cervical formations will increase in size already at the development stage. However, timely seeking medical help will help relieve swelling for one or three weeks. Separately, it is necessary to pay attention to chronic and acute forms of cervical lymphadenitis. "Owners" with such a disease should be afraid of everything pathogenic and not allow the supremacy of the disease over the carrier in its extreme form of expression.

As we have said, with cervical lymphadenitis, two forms are distinguished:

Acute cervical lymphadenitis

Manifests itself as a complication of the disease. It is accompanied by a rather strong suppuration of the lymph nodes. The mercury column, showing body temperature, is rapidly passing the mark of 38 degrees. The surface above the lymph node acquires a red color and is shaped more like a boil. Progressing, the swelling of lymphadenitis increases significantly, and its contours lose their clarity. The focus of infection itself, to the touch, is no longer so mobile. If this inflammatory process is started, then the consequences can result in another disease, namely:

That is why such a disease must always be taken very, very seriously.

Chronic cervical lymphadenitis

It manifests itself in any disease in those people whose immune system is extremely weakened. If you thought that the disease should be at least a little serious, then we will immediately note your deep delusion. For the manifestation of this disease, even the most common cold is enough, and inflammation of the lymph nodes will not take long.

It is worth noting that in the case of an acute form, the lymph nodes will also be enlarged, but the patient will not experience such severe pain as in the first case. However, suppuration is possible in very rare cases. It is also worth warning that if chronic cervical lymphadenitis is detected, the disease can signal such a serious illness as tuberculosis. The fact is that foreign bodies that provoke tuberculosis with lymph or blood flows from the tuberculosis focus enter the lymph nodes.

Cervical lymphadenitis and its diagnosis

Cervical lymphadenitis is diagnosed only when examined by a doctor during palpation. However, it is possible to diagnose the disease on the basis of previous tests or a number of necessary clinical and laboratory studies, namely:

biopsy of a diseased lymph node;
x-ray of the soft tissues of the neck and / or submandibular zone;
magnetic resonance and/or computed and tomography;
studies, in the future, with histological analysis.

I would like to note that an examination by a doctor should take place in any case, and a visit to the hospital should not depend on the stage of the disease.

Cervical lymphadenitis in children

Unfortunately, it develops very actively, although for children it is not as dangerous as an adult. In infants, it is extremely difficult to feel the lymph nodes due to their small size. But after a year of life, this procedure becomes quite affordable.

Symptoms of cervical lymphadenitis in children

headache complaints;
the dominant body temperature is above 38 degrees;
severe intoxication (especially in infants);
lack of appetite;
bad sleep;
the presence of severe swelling of the neck.

In the case of chronic inflammation of the lymph nodes, the child will feel good, and his body temperature will be within normal limits. Pain symptoms practically will not appear on the neck, but the lymph nodes are significantly enlarged. Their condition is determined by feeling.

With advanced cervical lymphadenitis, the consequences for a child can be extremely dangerous due to the appearance of myocardium. Lethargy and pallor will become its bright external manifestations, and shortness of breath is inevitable. Children with this disease gain weight very hard, because even the process of feeding becomes very difficult for them. In some cases, they may refuse to eat food at all.

Cervical lymphadenitis in adults

Despite the fact that the symptoms in adults are similar to those in children, the disease is caused by completely different causes. It is worth noting that untimely seeking medical help can have more serious consequences. In the dominant majority of cases, the causative agent of cervical lymphadenitis in the adult population is the most common viral or bacterial infections. At the very beginning of our conversation, we already mentioned the reasons that lead to such diseases. Therefore, we will not repeat ourselves again, but will ask you to climb up the text.

Cervical lymphadenitis - treatment

Treatment methods for cervical lymphadenitis are prescribed exclusively by the attending physician. If the form of the disease turned out to be mild, then it is recommended:

home warmth;
peace;
plentiful drinking of the most ordinary water;
avoidance of low temperatures and drafts.

If the tuberculosis bacillus turned out to be the provocateur of the disease, then urgent hospitalization cannot be avoided. Prescribed:

hospital regime;
a specialized spectrum of anti-tuberculosis antibiotics.

Necessary condition Get well soon is to follow the required diet. It is strictly forbidden to eat food rich in trans-fatty acids and carbohydrates. But the presence of vegetables, fruits, fish, lean meat, as well as omega-3 fatty acids in the patient's diet, will in every possible way contribute to the extinction of inflammatory processes in the body. However, not everything has been said about the diet. Particular attention should be paid to reducing the consumption of dairy and flour products, as well as completely eliminating sugar or foods containing it in large quantities.

Among the applied methods of treatment, there are three most effective:

Let's look at each method in more detail.

Medical treatment

In any case, treatment always begins with determining the causes that provoked it and eliminating the actual infectious focus itself. If the disease is caused by a viral infection:

then the restoration of the lymph nodes will occur independently as the body gets rid of pathogens. any drug treatment will not need. Otherwise, you need to take anti-inflammatory drugs. Basically, the doctor prescribes:

The use is due to such actions as immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory. It is these two factors that significantly reduce the number of pathological cells present in the inflammatory focus and contribute to the restoration of cells located in the connective tissues. The dosage of the drug depends on the specifics of the disease, and, as a rule, ranges from 4 to 48 mg / day. Naturally, it is prescribed exclusively by the attending physician. Children are prescribed along with prednisolone. The average dosage is 4 mg medrol and 5 mg prednisolone. Contraindicated in the presence allergic reactions or due to fungal systemic infections in any localization.

Dosage is purely individual. On average, it ranges from 5 to 10 mg per day, or 1 or 2 tablets. In the case of extremely acute conditions, take from 20 to 30 mg per day, which is equivalent to 4 or 6 tablets. Regarding children, it is prescribed based on age:

from 2 to 12 months - 2 or 3 mg per kilogram of weight;
from 1 to 14 years old - 1-in or 2-va mg per kilogram of weight.

It is administered slowly intravenously over three minutes. If necessary, the drug can be re-introduced after 20 or half an hour after the introduction of the first portion.

Contraindicated in pregnant women and hypertensive patients. Possible negative impact on patients suffering from diabetes or peptic ulcer duodenum or stomach. In case of an infectious disease or tuberculosis, it is prescribed together with antibiotics. Can be used in combination with special treatments.

Speaking of cervical lymphadenitis, it is necessary to ensure the intake of immunostimulants, as well as preparations containing a high concentration of vitamin C and multivitamins. In the case of an acute or chronic form, antibiotics will be prescribed.

Physiotherapy treatment

Surgery

It is used as a last resort, when the two listed methods will be ineffective. During surgery, suppuration is opened, and pus is removed along with the affected connective tissues. The operation ends with drainage.

Cervical lymphadenitis - treatment with folk remedies

Since ancient times, this disease has been treated with drinking and compresses. We offer several recipes from traditional medicine.

Buy an alcohol tincture of echinacea at the pharmacy. To prepare a drink, dilute 20 or 40 drops of echinacea in half a glass of water. Drink, regardless of meals, three times a day.
Dilute echinacea tincture, keeping the proportion 1:2, in warm water. Soak gauze in the prepared liquid and apply to the sore spot. Fix the compress and go to bed.
Take chopped herbs of St. John's wort, walnut, yarrow and mistletoe. Just one teaspoon. Pour everything with one glass of water, stir and put on a small fire. Boil for five minutes, and let the contents cool. Use for night compresses for two or three weeks.
Rinse and grind celandine leaves in a mortar, squeeze out the juice in the amount of one tablespoon. Pour it into a glass container, add half a glass of alcohol. Put the concentrate for one day in a dark place. Use for compresses.

Reactive lymphadenitis

Reactive lymphadenitis (inflammation of the lymph glands) is a dependent disease. This pathological process is a concomitant symptom of various diseases, both bacterial and viral etiology.

Reactive lymphadenitis characterizes the initial phase (reactive) of disorders, in the form of a primary reaction to the source of infection in the human body.

The treatment of lymphadenitis itself will not be effective without determining the exact cause that caused the pathological condition.

What is reactive lymphadenitis

However, as a result, often, of a number of negative influences, a dormant infection can be activated. Then, with a high probability, the lymph nodes, as an integral part of the immune system, will be the first to take the hit.

The following factors can provoke the appearance of reactive lymphadenitis:

Chronic inflammation.
Low immunity.
Frequent colds.
Hypothermia.
Long stay in a stuffy, unventilated room.
Lack of sunlight.
Chronic emotional overstrain, severe stress, can trigger the mechanisms of a dormant infection, for example, Koch's bacilli in tuberculosis.
Malnutrition, mono-diets.
Frequent fatigue.
Sedentary lifestyle.
Bad habits (alcohol abuse, smoking).
Avitaminosis.
Often, reactive lymphadenitis occurs in children under 6 years of age due to immature immunity, as a reaction to any focus of inflammation in the child's body. It can be rhinitis, otitis and acute respiratory viral infections.

Clinical manifestations of reactive lymphadenitis

Reactive inflammation in the lymph nodes is a concomitant symptom of a disease.

Often the zone of inflamed lymph nodes indicates a local pathological process in the same area, that is, it is nearby, near the focus of inflammation.

The initial sign of reactive lymphadenitis is reactive lymphadenopathy, as the very first reaction of the body in response to infection.

It can manifest itself by an increase in a different number of lymph nodes and their mild soreness.

Left unattended, this pathological process is aggravated by lymphadenitis, which can be recognized by the following signs:

Enlargement, swelling of the lymph nodes.
Lymph glands are painful on palpation and pressure.
Swelling and redness of the skin over the affected lymph nodes.
The glands are not soldered to the skin and to each other, dense to the touch.

Depending on the factors that triggered the development of reactive lymphadenitis, it may be accompanied by the following manifestations:

General weakness.
Elevated or subfebrile (37 ° C) body temperature.
Headache.
Sleep disturbance.
Cough.
Rhinitis.

Important! If there is severe pain in the area of one lymph node or a whole group of them, an increase in body temperature of more than 38.5 ° C, rapid breathing and heartbeat (signs of purulent lymphadenitis), it is necessary to urgently consult a doctor

The fact is that with reactive lymphadenopathy after treatment of the underlying disease, the lymph nodes almost always return to normal on their own.

However, if the primary pathology is left without appropriate therapy or the treatment is insufficient, the process may be complicated by painful changes in the lymph glands themselves.

In this case, there may be a proliferation of lymphoid tissue, with the development of reactive hyperplasia in the lymph nodes, with a violation of their function.

This can cause their suppuration or the spread of infection to nearby tissues and the entire human body.

What diseases and conditions can be accompanied by reactive inflammation of the lymph glands

Reactive lymphadenitis may accompany diseases such as:

Tuberculosis. Parotid and axillary nodes often become inflamed. Lymphadenopathy of the cervical lymph nodes may also occur.
Angina.
Tonsillitis.
Pathological process in the oral cavity (caries, stomatitis).
Acute mastitis caused by staphylococcus and streptococcus bacteria.
AIDS.
Syphilis.
Diseases of the female and male genitourinary system. For example, hyperplastic (tissue growth). Abnormal changes in the mucous membrane of the uterus (polyps, endometrial hyperplasia). A woman often manifests an increase in inguinal lymph nodes.
Enterocolitis.
Flu.
Otitis.
Sinusitis.
Teething in infants.
Adenoiditis in children.
Bubonic plague.

Which specialist should be contacted if the lymph nodes are enlarged or inflamed for no apparent reason

Reactive hyperplasia of the lymph nodes is dangerous because it can go unnoticed by the patient.

With general weakness, increased fatigue, subfebrile body temperature, sweating, as well as with any ailment, it is necessary to pay attention to the lymph nodes.

With their increase, pain during palpation, first of all, you need to consult a general practitioner.

After the examination, the doctor can give a referral to such specialists as:

What research can a doctor prescribe

If reactive lymphadenitis is detected, in order to understand the cause of the disease and determine the state of the lymph glands themselves, the doctor may prescribe the following tests:

General analysis of urine and blood (with formula).
Blood for syphilis, HIV, viral hepatitis.
Bacteriological examination of blood, urine. To identify pathogens, to sensitivity to antibiotics.
Tumor markers.
Blood for hormones.
Biochemistry.
Cytological and bacteriological analysis of discharge from the vagina, urethra.
Bacteriological culture of sputum.
Puncture of the lymph node with subsequent cytological examination.

Also, a doctor may recommend a patient with reactive lymphadenitis to undergo such instrumental diagnostics as:

X-ray (fluorography, mammography, urography).
Computed tomogram (CT).
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Gastroduodenoscopy.
Sigmoidoscopy.
Bronchoscopy.

Treatment

Reactive lymphadenitis can be the initial symptom of many diseases. Accordingly, his treatment will be based on the elimination of the source of infection itself.

If the bacterial flora acts as an infectious agent of the pathological process, then antibiotic therapy is used first of all.

A fungal infection is treated, for example, with drugs such as:

To combat a viral infection, the following antiviral agents will be effective:

Important! You can not self-medicate reactive lymphadenitis. This pathology can be a manifestation of various diseases, which can only be determined by a doctor. All of the above drugs are prescribed exclusively by a doctor.

Prevention

Preventive measures for reactive lymphadenitis include the following:

For any symptoms of malaise (subfebrile body temperature, sweating, chills, fatigue) that last more than 5 days, consult a doctor.
Women visit a mammologist and gynecologist once a year. After forty years, undergo a mammogram every 12 months, visit a gynecologist every six months.
Men undergo preventive examinations by a urologist once a year.
In case of prolonged weakness, prolonged cough, consult a doctor.
In wet slushy weather, during epidemics, to increase immunity, you need to take decoctions and tinctures of herbs that strengthen the body's defenses. For example, such as:
- Tinctures of echinacea, eleutherococcus can be purchased at the pharmacy. Take after consultation with the doctor in accordance with the attached instructions.
- Rosehip decoction. This drink can be prepared using a thermos in the following way:

Rinse a thermos with boiling water.
Place in it 2 tablespoons of rose hips washed with running water.
Pour in a liter of freshly boiled water.
Insist 8 hours.
Then strain through 4 layers of gauze into a liter glass container.
Fill in the missing volume with boiled water.

The berries left in the thermos do not need to be thrown away. They can be poured a second time with boiling water and used according to the above scheme.

Snoring is always an unpleasant, annoying sound.

Peculiarities of inflammatory diseases of children.

The human lymphatic system is directly connected with.

Despite the rapid development of medicine, many

HIV infection is one of the most dangerous diseases.

The information on the site is provided for informational purposes only, does not claim to be reference and medical accuracy, and is not a guide to action. Do not self-medicate. Consult with your physician.

Lymphadenitis (inflammation of the lymph nodes): on the neck, in the groin, under the arm - causes, symptoms, treatment

Very often, at a doctor's appointment, patients, hearing a diagnosis, are frightened by incomprehensible terms, because they do not know what such a disease can threaten, especially if they have not encountered it before. Behind the frightening word "lymphadenitis" actually lies the usual inflammation of the nodes of the lymphatic system. Such a disease is not a sentence, but in any case it should not be left to chance, since untimely treatment of lymphadenitis can lead to unpleasant consequences. But before starting treatment, it is necessary to understand why lymphadenitis occurs, what its symptoms are and in what form this disease can occur.

What is lymphadenitis?

Lymphadenitis is an inflammatory process that occurs in the nodes of the lymphatic system, that is, in the lymph nodes. These nodes are peripheral organs, which contain very important cells responsible for protecting the body. These cells are closely related to circulatory system. You can imagine the lymph nodes as a kind of filters that do not let harmful substances into the body and prevent them from spreading.

Lymph nodes become inflamed most often due to infection, i.e. infection of the body with microorganisms, disease-causing. Bacteria are carried throughout the body by blood and lymph, and settle in the lymph nodes, provoking their inflammation. Depending on the type of infection, lymph nodes in different parts of the body can become inflamed. Thus, lymphadenitis in most cases is a consequence of some infectious process that occurs in the body.

Many people confuse the concepts of "lymphadenopathy" and "lymphadenitis", because these words sound similar. In fact, only the second is the name of the disease, since the first is only a symptom or a painless reaction of the body to a rather serious pathology (AIDS, syphilis, etc.). Of course, in such cases, the diagnosis requires clarification. Only after examination and testing, the patient is diagnosed with lymphadenitis.

Common causes and types of lymphadenitis

The most common reason due to which lymphadenitis occurs, as noted above, is any disease of the body. Most often, the lymph nodes are infected during inflammatory processes of an acute and chronic nature. It can be ulcers, abscesses, boils, fistulas. Less commonly, lymphadenitis occurs with common infectious diseases.

When an infection enters the lymph node, it becomes inflamed and increases in size. This is due to the accumulation of cells that respond to an inflammatory response in the place where the bacterium has entered. Both one lymph node and several neighboring lymph nodes can become inflamed. Such lymphadenitis will be called regional.

The most common localization of lymphadenitis

Types of lymphadenitis, depending on which part of the body the inflamed nodes are located, are called differently:

Lymphadenitis of these types are more common than others.

Symptoms of lymphadenitis

Common to all possible types of lymphadenitis is one sign - an outwardly noticeable increase in inflamed lymph nodes in the area into which the infection that caused the inflammatory process has penetrated.

Cervical

Cervical lymphadenitis is expressed, as the name implies, by inflammation of the lymph nodes located on the neck. Pressing on the formed seals of the lymph nodes causes pain. In addition to inflammation with cervical lymphadenitis, the general well-being of the patient worsens, he develops a headache and fever.

In the acute form of this type of disease, strong suppurations form in the region of the lymph nodes. Both children and adults are equally susceptible to this disease, however, cervical lymphadenitis occurs faster in children, but with more unpleasant symptoms in the form of headache, severe pain when pressing on the lymph nodes, temperature (38⁰ and above), sleep disturbances, loss of appetite, and also the formation of severe swelling of the neck.

Submandibular

Submandibular lymphadenitis begins with mild pain when pressed behind the ear or under the jaw. At the initial stage, the nodes move under the skin and do not interfere with chewing or smiling at all. On the third day, the patient develops a clearly visible painful swelling under the jaw, which gradually increases in size and begins to occupy the entire submandibular part of the face, sometimes even going down the neck to the collarbone. If left untreated, swelling and redness of the mucosa on the side of the mouth where the inflammation is located can add to the unpleasant symptoms.

If such lymphadenitis is not started to be treated at this stage, later everything will become even sadder, since the pain will turn into a pulling-shooting one, the person will have a fever, and the skin of his face will gradually turn from red to burgundy. When the pus starts to come out in the direction of the skin, it will turn blue.

In the groin

A noticeable increase and compaction of the lymph nodes located in the groin is the first sign inguinal lymphadenitis. To these symptoms, as the disease develops, fever is usually added, pain in the lower abdomen, especially pronounced when moving. Also, with lymphadenitis in the groin, the skin often reddens at the site of inflammation, and the sick person may feel a general breakdown. If the inflammation is not treated, it can spread not only to the nearest, but also to all the lymph nodes of the body.

Armpit

Axillary lymphadenitis has symptoms similar to all other types of this disease: inflammation leads to an increase in the size of the nodes, and when pressed on them, the patient experiences pain. Flowing into a purulent form (and this will happen if you do not take up treatment in time), lymphadenitis in the armpits is able to combine all the nodes of the lymphatic system with a common inflammation, thereby spreading the disease throughout the body.

Forms of lymphadenitis

According to the duration of the course of the disease, lymphadenitis, like many other diseases, is acute and chronic, according to the type of infectious agents - specific and nonspecific, according to the progression - purulent and non-purulent.

Acute lymphadenitis is characterized by a rapidly progressive course of the disease, when the symptoms gradually increase, and with appropriate treatment they gradually subside. All this happens in a relatively short period of time.

Chronic lymphadenitis drags on for a long time, can last up to several months or even years. Usually this form of the disease is associated with other chronic diseases of the body, which from time to time make themselves felt.

Nonspecific lymphadenitis is caused by various pyogenic microbes - staphylococci, streptococci and others, as well as the toxins that they secrete, and the decay products of tissues in the focus of the purulent process.

Specific lymphadenitis occurs with diseases such as syphilis, tuberculosis, plague, etc.

With purulent lymphadenitis, inflammation spreads to the tissue adjacent to the infected node, causing redness and swelling of the tissues, as well as infiltration and suppuration in the node itself, which can erupt, with non-purulent inflammation does not go beyond the lymph node.

Reactive lymphadenitis is not its separate form, as many people think, but just the name of the rapid process of increasing inflamed nodes.

Video: purulent forms of infectious inflammation - why are they dangerous?

Causes of lymphadenitis, taking into account localization

Cervical

The most common type of lymphadenitis is cervical lymphadenitis. The reason for its appearance is the influenza virus, pneumonia, tonsillitis, purulent tonsillitis, acute respiratory infections and other infectious diseases. Also, the cause of lymphadenopathy of the cervical nodes can be some diseases of the oral cavity, which proceed sluggishly - gingivitis, periodontal disease, caries.

Submandibular

the location of the lymph nodes in the neck and head

If the focus of inflammation is in the mouth, submandibular lymphadenitis may occur. The cause can be diseases such as tonsillitis, caries (especially chronic) and various gum diseases.

Inguinal

Widespread inguinal lymphadenitis (inflammation of the nodes of the lymphatic system located in the groin) may be the result of a concomitant disease, accompanied by inflammation, and a sign of a sexually transmitted disease. There is an opinion that groin lymphadenitis is much less common in children than in adults. Any trauma with an infection in the groin area can also cause this type of inflammation, but only in people with excessively weakened immune systems.

Axillary

Do not be surprised if the doctor examining the patient calls inflammation of the tonsils or caries the cause of axillary lymphadenitis. In the axillary lymph nodes, bacteria carried by lymph can get from chest, shoulder girdle, as well as from the neck or face, resulting in axillary lymphadenitis.

More rare localizations

An ear piercing that causes suppuration, extrusion of an eel with accidental entry of dirt into the wound, and other injuries that lead to an inflammatory process can cause parotid lymphadenitis, which is considered the most dangerous because it can lead to meningitis.

The cause of lymphadenitis, which is most common in children and is called mesenteric (it is formed in the mesenteric nodes), are all common diseases of the upper respiratory tract, as well as inflammation in the tonsils. A disease such as tuberculosis also appears in the list of causes of this type of problems with the lymph nodes.

Treatment of lymphadenitis

Treatment of any type of lymphadenitis requires a mandatory examination by a doctor. Many patients, especially in the initial stage of the disease, think that inflammation of the lymph nodes can be dealt with on their own and delay the visit to a specialist, thereby only worsening their well-being and increasing the chances of the disease turning into a purulent form.

Lymphadenopathy of the cervical nodes, which manifested itself after the flu, acute respiratory infections and tonsillitis, usually resolves without medication, on its own, although in some cases the doctor may consider it necessary to prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs to the patient.

If lymphadenitis has passed into a serious stage and suppuration has appeared in the lymph nodes, it is necessary to take antibiotics, but not chosen independently, but prescribed by the attending physician, since only a specialist can choose the right group of drugs correctly.

In addition to following individual recommendations from a doctor, you can speed up the recovery process with the help of physiotherapy, and at home, patients are advised to use anti-inflammatory ointments, take multivitamins and drugs that contain a large amount of vitamin C necessary for the body in inflammatory processes.

The patient should drink plenty of water, be warm and avoid hypothermia. Sometimes, when the treatment does not bring results, and the suppuration on the lymph nodes does not resolve, it is necessary to do an operation, during which the suppuration is opened to remove the pus that has accumulated there.

How is submandibular lymphadenitis treated?

Submandibular lymphadenitis is usually treated locally with Burow's fluid, and doctors use penicillin to suppress the infection. If suppuration has formed, for its resorption, heating with sollux and warm lotions are prescribed, before that, getting rid of the source of infection. If a whole group of lymph nodes is inflamed, a surgical intervention is performed, during which a drainage tube is inserted through the submandibular incision to remove pus.

Inguinal lymphadenitis in men and women is treated the same, usually this is a state of rest for the patient (restriction of walking and physical activity) and broad-spectrum antibiotics. To get rid of inflammation in the purulent form of lymphadenitis in the groin, an opening and drainage of the focus of suppuration is used.

Relief of inflammation in the armpit

With axillary lymphadenitis, the infection that caused the disease is initially eliminated (usually this is done with antibiotics), after which physiotherapy sessions, general strengthening exercises and cold compresses are prescribed to the patient until complete recovery. Axillary lymphadenitis that has flowed into a purulent form requires surgical intervention.

Among patients with lymphadenitis, there is a widespread opinion about the effectiveness of folk remedies for the treatment of this disease, and there really is some truth in this, since ethnoscience able to overcome some of the unpleasant symptoms caused by lymphadenopathy. But we should not forget about the reverse side of the coin: an infection that caused serious inflammation cannot be dealt with by folk remedies alone, and therefore, before testing the effectiveness of these methods on yourself, you should consult a doctor.

Video: lymphadenitis specialist

Hello! My question is this: 2 weeks ago, the lymph node itself became inflamed on one side under the jaw. He grew in size and got sick. After 1.5 weeks, he stopped hurting, but did not decrease in size. I didn’t go to the doctors, because I feel great, there is no fever and no other signs of deterioration. Should I go to the doctor? Maybe it will go away on its own in a week or two? And if it is, then which one? Thanks for the answer!

Hello! Most likely, you had lymphadenitis and everything will really go away by itself, but if there are any doubts or concerns about this, then you can consult a general practitioner.

Hello! You need to contact your therapist first, since lymphadenitis is most often treated conservatively. Of course, you need to monitor the condition of the lymph nodes, periodically take a blood test. Avoid hypothermia. do not sit under the air conditioner.

Hello! If the lymph nodes increase with the appearance of a sore throat, then it may well be the cause of your complaints. The therapist could also prescribe the appropriate treatment, while there is no way to get to the ENT. Sometimes frequent and recurrent tonsillitis is an indication for the removal of the tonsils, if conservative treatment does not work, but this should be discussed with the ENT. Now you should:

1. Cure a sore throat.

2. Visit an ENT doctor, preferably during a sore throat, so that he fixes the fact of the disease and takes swabs.

3. Make an ultrasound or biopsy of the lymph nodes.

It may be advisable to consult an immunologist as well.

Specialist VesselInfo, thank you very much for your answer and support. Went 4 days of antibiotics and compresses. The lymph node has decreased quite a bit, does not hurt at all, but has become hard to the touch. Tell me, this is the normal dynamics of the course of lymphadenitis. A couple of days ago, tonsillitis started, as you expected! I drink Farmatsitron (package for the night) and rinse my throat every two hours (salt + soda + warm water). Throat, by the way, has returned to normal already 🙂

Hello! The dynamics are positive, which means that the treatment brings results. Get well soon!

Good afternoon! I would be very grateful for advice. On the left, the buccal lymph node became inflamed. I visited a private dentist, then a dental surgeon, who sent me for a consultation with a maxillofacial dentist-surgeon. In general, there is an ultrasound that shows inflammation of the lu, a picture of the teeth, which is clean, that is, the teeth are in order. Can inflammation of the buccal luzla be affected by the diagnosis made by an endocrinologist - moderate thyrotoxicosis? The dentist-surgeon prescribed the antibiotic lincomycin and compresses with 30% dimexide. He said to show up in 5-6 days, if the lymph node does not subside, they will cut it. The lymph node hurts only when pressed, there are no wounds in the oral cavity! I don't know what to do... Thanks in advance!

Hello! First, do not panic, because lymphadenitis is a fairly common occurrence. Secondly, you need to take an antibiotic and make compresses. It is likely that the inflammation will go away after conservative treatment and nothing will need to be cut. In extreme cases, if you still have to open the inflamed lymph node, then you should not panic either, this procedure does not take much time and is well tolerated by patients. With thyrotoxicosis, the connection is doubtful, rather, the reason is different (hypothermia, tonsillitis). While taking the prescribed drug, do compresses and wait for improvement, it must certainly come.

Hello! The third day is disturbed by inflamed lymph nodes (mastoid, occipital). Pulsating and periodically shooting pain, the head is splitting, it feels like these bumps will burst soon, a feeling of pressure from the inside. It hurts even to lie on the left side of the head. This morning, bumps appeared on the neck and at the angle of the lower jaw, it hurts to open the mouth, the throat and neck began to hurt (limited mobility). She was at the therapist, she didn’t say anything specific, she just prescribed ciprofloxacin. Tell me, please, what to do.

Hello! In addition to the therapist, it would be worth consulting with an ENT and a dentist to find out the cause of lymphadenitis. In any case, the treatment consists in prescribing antibiotics, which the doctor prescribed. In addition to antibiotics, it is recommended to drink plenty of fluids and a sparing regimen.

Hello. About a year ago (a year and a half after giving birth) the lymph nodes in the armpit became inflamed. They didn’t hurt, they didn’t blush, they just slightly increased. She had not breastfed at that time for about six months. Mammologist set diffuse mastopathy and prescribed mastodinone. I drank it, everything passed and I forgot. But now, a year later, the same picture, for more than two months. Only this time the doctor said that the lymph nodes had nothing to do with the chest. Has registered again mastodinon. He didn't order any more tests. I've been taking it for over a month with no improvement. Before I discovered them, I was very cold, and before that I also had an acute respiratory disease. My question is: what tests can be done in this case? Do I need to do a fluorography and a cardiogram? And in general, because of what diseases inflammation of the lymph nodes in the armpit is possible. There is a lot of vague information or horror stories on the Internet that you don’t want to live. Thank you very much in advance for your reply.

Hello! You should go to the surgeon, do an ultrasound of the lymph nodes and, if necessary, a biopsy (the doctor can tell about this). There are quite a few reasons for enlarged lymph nodes, from banal inflammation to a tumor process, but you don’t need to panic, a good doctor will help you find the cause of lymphadenopathy and prescribe the right treatment.

Hello! I am 34 years old, about 17 years ago, probably after another "cold", my submandibular, cervical, supraclavicular and axillary lymph nodes became painfully inflamed. Unsuccessfully treated with antibiotics under the supervision of an ENT. Infections such as HIV were not confirmed (including by recent tests). I went to oncologists - the histology of the puncture of the supraclavicular lymph node showed just granularity, the radiological scan also did not reveal anything. As a result, I received a diagnosis of chronic lymphadenitis of unknown origin + "if it doesn't get worse, then live like this." Then all the lymph nodes returned to normal, but there was a constant swelling on the left under the ear, in the cavity behind the jaw. As far as I understand, the salivary gland partially goes there. The swelling is painful, aggravated during a cold, the lumen of the Eustachian tube is reduced (a clear feeling of the difference between the right and left ear). I did an ultrasound of these areas, but nothing special was found. The doctors don't believe that I have something in the cavity. They say it's a bone. But I can really feel the difference. I don’t even know which doctor to contact, who would plan the diagnosis, because the problem is with the diagnosis. Dentists did not reveal any pathologies.

Hello! Try an MRI or CT scan of the area. If there is a pathology, then it will definitely be visible. An ENT, a maxillofacial surgeon, and an oncologist can plan diagnostics.

Hello! Tell me, please, the child has a bump in the armpit, but not in the armpit, but at the beginning of the arm (approximately where the biceps muscle begins, only slightly lower to the inside of the arm). Ultrasound shows an anechoic avascular mass, the hematologist and surgeon question lymphadenitis. They sent me home, they said to apply Vishnevsky's ointment for a month. Before that, the child was ill (cough, fever), then, in addition to everything, they discovered sinusitis, inflammation of the adenoids, and everything connected with it. In addition, the upper teeth are carious. I have a question: can there be a lymph node in this place? For three weeks, in principle, it seems to have not been growing, but it has not decreased either (maybe only a little), it does not bother.

Hello! There may be a lymph node in this place and it is very likely that the child has lymphadenitis, as the doctors told you. Follow their recommendations.

Thank you very much for your reply! One more question: how long can a lymph node last in a child (girl 3.5 years old)? What other treatment can be used to reduce it?

It all depends on the reason for its increase and general condition child. There is no need to do anything other than what is prescribed.

Hello! A month and a half enlarged lymph node on the neck, not much, mobile. It started with something that blew out the ear, it started to ache on the side of the neck. When I found him, I went for an ultrasound. The doctor gave a conclusion: lymphadenitis. ENT and dentist consultation. Laura has no comments on the condition of the ear, but it hurts. She prescribed an x-ray of the sinuses, because sinusitis. And at the dentist I treat the lower chewing tooth. He began to react slightly to hot and cold. They removed the nerve, but the pain in the jaw does not go away, it's been like a week. It got a little inflamed under the ear and it hurts when pressed, the lower jaw hurts, it hurts to chew (I don’t chew on this side), they did an x-ray, they say everything is ok. The pain radiates to the ear, mild aching. The cervical lymph node is also enlarged, a month ago the blood was at rest, but a fresh analysis showed an increase in leukocytes by 3 times! I’m very scared, I have a small baby (((I’m taking antibiotics for the second day now. So far there is no particular effect. It turned out that I donated blood 2 days before menstruation, I don’t know if this affects. And a month and a half ago I removed a mole on back, histology showed a nevus, I hope not because of it.Sorry for such a long text... What to do next?What analysis to pass?

Hello! First, don't panic. Changes in the blood test may be associated with the presence of an inflammatory focus in the jaw area, and menstruation could also contribute to the aggravation of leukocytosis. The removed nevus does not play any role at the moment, you should not think about it. Of course, you need to decide what exactly hurts under the ear - X-ray, ultrasound (X-ray to control the condition of the bone, and ultrasound will show changes in the soft tissues, if any). Try to consult a good dentist or (better yet) an oral surgeon if possible. Until then, continue your treatment and wish you a speedy recovery!

Hello! 3 days ago I fell ill with a sore throat, I drink Flemoxin Solutab (the doctor prescribed it). Yesterday I noticed that it hurts in the groin, it is not swollen, it hurts when you press it. Could this be due to angina?

Hello! It is not easy to link pain in the groin and a sore throat, and it is even more difficult to make a diagnosis on the Internet, so you need to see a doctor.

The other day I caught a cold, my throat was very sore, the temperature was 37.5. On the same evening, she felt pain and discomfort in the region of the inguinal lymph nodes, went to the toilet and found a huge blistering purulent pimple, so painful that she could not be touched. At night I applied aloe and sealed it with a band-aid. The next day, the pain went away, when touched, pus went with blood, the seal under the skin remained, it does not hurt when pressed. What to do? Help me please.

Hello! You need to go to the doctor for an examination, because it is impossible to diagnose or determine what exactly you have formed on the Internet. It is better if it is a surgeon or a gynecologist (if the formation is on the genitals).

Hello! I already wrote to you. Axillary lymphadenitis due to a scratch on the finger. She pierced antibiotics for 7 days, in general, about three weeks have passed since the onset of the disease. At first it got better and the pain became less, but the day before yesterday the same lymph node fell ill again. But there is no temperature like the first time. Tell me what it could be How long can they heal after antibiotic treatment? And is it possible to make such a diagnosis on the basis of only an ultrasound scan, they did not ask to take tests? Thanks!

Hello! It may be all the same lymphadenitis, and, perhaps, the reason is in something else. Lymphadenitis can be put on the basis of ultrasound, and we have no reason to doubt the conclusion of a specialist. Changes can regress for a long time, it all depends on the cause and the general condition of the body. You can go back to the doctor and discuss the possibility of additional tests, if the doctor deems it appropriate.

Hello! Thanks for the answer! A blood test showed: hemoglobin 118 g/l and ESR 23 mm/h, the rest is normal. There is no temperature, the arm stopped hurting and the lymph node in the armpit seems to have decreased a little and almost does not hurt, but for some reason a small area of \u200b\u200bthe muscle near and behind the armpit fell ill. Tell me, what could it be? How long does it take for an inflamed lymph node to heal?

Another throat on the same side caught a cold, but it seems to be passing.

And tell me, please, can I play sports?

Another "uzist", when she looked last time, she said, a conglomerate of lymph nodes is like a bunch, what does this mean? Appointed to do a puncture, do you think it's worth it? I'm just very afraid to go far to another city.

Sorry for so many questions.

1. A blood test indicates a possible anemia (decrease in hemoglobin) and an inflammatory process (increase in ESR). Anemia can be the result of malnutrition, diets, blood loss during heavy menstruation etc. Inflammatory process - cold, lymphadenitis.

2. A muscle area can hurt from inflammation (myositis), from trauma (including when playing sports), stretching.

3. A lymph node can “heal” for a long time, depending on the cause of its inflammation and the state of the body.

4. It is better to wait with sports until the moment when you are finally examined and more serious changes than banal lymphadenitis will be excluded.

5. Conglomerate of lymph nodes - a condition when several lymph nodes are enlarged and resemble a bunch of grapes.

6. It is worth doing a puncture, the possibility of its appointment has already been mentioned in previous answers.

Do not be afraid, it is better to go to another city and make sure that nothing terrible is happening than to live in ignorance.

Recently I was walking late at night without a scarf and a hat (very smart), I “stretched” my neck. The next day, I found a submandibular bump on the right, and the gum hurts. If you press a little - it hurts behind the ear. The condition is not very good, there seems to be no temperature, but general weakness is felt. I read it on the Internet and got completely confused. I am currently studying in another city, so far I can’t go to the hospital. Tell me how should I be?

Hello! It is likely that you start an inflammatory process due to hypothermia, your throat may hurt, signs of a cold are likely, etc. Of course, it would be advisable to go to the doctor, because at the place of study you belong to some kind of clinic. Find out where you can go for medical help and consult a specialist, because the Internet will definitely not help you diagnose and prescribe treatment.

Please help with advice!

On the second day of menstruation, the lymph nodes in the groin increased. I went to the hospital, passed the tests - more or less normal, but the inflammatory process was shown. The gynecologist examined, said that everything is fine. They cannot make an exact diagnosis, they prescribed antibiotics, I have been drinking for 5 days, but there are no changes. What to do?

Hello! If the tests showed an inflammatory process, then it is no longer possible to talk about the norm. You need to take the prescribed medication and be examined for infection in the genital tract (examination by a gynecologist may not be enough). If the lymph nodes do not return to normal, and the tests do not help to establish the exact cause of their increase, then doctors may resort to their puncture. In any case, you should follow the recommendations of the doctors who are watching you.

Good evening! Such a problem: she treated ureaplasma, drank a course of antibiotics, during this it was very blown, the lymph node “jumped” behind the ear, at first it hurt, a day after the compresses the pain disappeared, but the lump remained, hard, does not hurt and does not decrease, throat, ears are normal , I was at the ENT, there was no temperature, the blood test was normal, the ESR was at the lower limit of the norm, immunity, apparently, has decreased ... I have been drinking the antibiotic ciprofloxacin for 4 days, nothing goes away, the lump remains ... What could it be? Lymphadenitis? I kind of read that he is in acute pain and fever, but I don’t have this ... or something worse?

Hello! Yes, most likely, you have lymphadenitis, because the pain was there, but it disappeared, especially since you are taking antibiotics. Lymph nodes decrease in size after inflammatory processes more slowly than they “pop out”, so you just need to continue treatment and wait for improvements. If nothing changes after the course of treatment, consult a doctor.

Hello! Ultrasound showed lymphadenitis, antibiotics were prescribed, but she did not take any tests. Is it correct?

Lymphadenitis in my armpit, it hurts a lot, and the scratch on the finger, because of which it started, does not heal, more precisely, the wound heals, and the finger is still red. Tell me, do I need to deal with the finger separately or will antibiotics cure everything? And how long to wait for relief of armpit pain, it hurts a lot. Antibiotic use the first day. Thanks!

Hello! It is likely that lymphadenitis is associated with a finger injury, in which case the finger may heal, and the lymph node will be felt for some time. Antibiotics should help, of course, not from the first day of admission. Wait until you are treated for the entire prescribed period, then wait for improvement or go back to the doctor.

Hello! I need your help. A week ago I pierced my tongue, my submandibular lymph nodes got sick and the lymph nodes on my neck were very inflamed. Saw broad-spectrum antibiotics, did not help, what should I do? It also hurts under the jaw.

Hello! You should contact your surgeon to examine the puncture site and prescribe appropriate medications. Do not self-medicate, it can be dangerous.

Hello! Please tell me, after some kind of sour, a bump appears under the jaw. It started recently. She appears, then disappears. The bump is quite large. Because of what it can be.

Hello! You need to show what is formed under the jaw to the doctor, then it will become clearer what exactly worries you, and it is impossible to say anything specific on the Internet.

Hello, please advise? Solution. Now I am treating a complex tooth of 3 channels, they put a temporary filling, they clean the channels one by one. Tooth hurts when pressed. Now I don’t know why, the parotid lymph node became inflamed, then the submandibular one. And today herpes appeared on the lower eyelid and it seems to me that inflammation of the trigeminal facial nerve because half of my face hurts. All this is on the side of the face where the tooth is being treated, except for the parotid node. No temperature.

Hello! It is most likely that inflammation of the lymph nodes is associated with problems with the tooth, but neuritis of the facial nerve may be associated with an exacerbation of a herpes infection. In any case, you should consult a neurologist or therapist about facial pain, and inform your dentist about enlarged lymph nodes, perhaps he will offer additional medication.

The dentist said it was not herpes, but a nerve and a swollen lymph node. I rinsed with salt and soda + Acyclovir with vitamins, everything disappeared. Thanks for the answer.

Hello, my child is 2 years old. 10 months, three days ago, the posterior cervical lymph nodes were enlarged, the left one was stronger. I suspect it's from hypothermia. Passed tests, urine is normal, blood - stab 22%, other indicators are normal. The doctor advised to retake blood, the child feels normal, there is no temperature, the lymph nodes have decreased today. I ask for your advice, thank you!

Hello! The doctor is right, it is worth retaking the tests and observing the child. After receiving the results, go again with the child to the pediatrician.

Hello. Two weeks ago, my throat hurt, there was a little white plaque. I think it's angina. But I was without a temperature, although usually my sore throat is very difficult. I took a course of Amoxiclav. On the third day everything passed, but the raid remained. The cervical lymph nodes on the right were also enlarged. After 4 days, the throat ached again, the plaque remained in the same places. On the third day it was gone again. And now, after 5 days, the throat hurts again, in the same place the plaque and the lymph node are enlarged. No fever or general weakness. What's this? This has never happened before, a plaque that does not go away and an enlarged lymph node.

Hello! You need to contact an ENT doctor, because without an examination, in absentia, no conclusions can be drawn. It could be angina, and other changes in the tonsils. If there is no way to get to the ENT, then the therapist will be able to help you.

A slight inflammation of the lymph nodes behind the ear and immediately below one inflamed on the neck, immediately under the jaw on the side. In general, I have terrible caries and this is 100% of it. The question is, can I jump from these lymph nodes, or rather increase the pressure? There is no temperature, these nodes do not hurt. The lymph nodes on the neck are relatively large, behind the ear in the region of 1 cm or even less and seem to be decreasing. The fact is that my nerves and pressure are not in order, and other things can be from them, I already had a terrible condition once, a rapid pulse, and so on. I think the pressure was also high, in theory, too, as a result, I went around a bunch of doctors, they sent me to a psychotherapist, they diagnosed me like breakdown or something like that. I drank a course of antidepressants and so on, as a result, all physical symptoms disappeared. In general, I’m thinking that my condition is from nerves (there are reasons now, I’ve been very nervous for the last year, problems at work, in the family). Or it could be due to lymph nodes and teeth. And can something cost to drink from drugs?

Hello! Lymphadenitis does not cause an increase in pressure. It is most likely that the cause is stress and neurosis, so it is better to go back to a psychotherapist for the right treatment.

To reduce the lymph nodes, you need to visit a dentist and treat caries, since the consequences can be quite unfavorable up to the development of a systemic inflammatory reaction and even sepsis. Only sanitation of the oral cavity and careful dental care will help get rid of the problem caused by caries.

Good afternoon! The cervical lymph nodes have been disturbing since May, after a cold, I had an ENT, he washed the plugs in my throat and there was plaque, I went to the therapist, he sent him to a hematologist, he prescribed Cycloferon, I pierced, gave blood a detailed analysis. The doctors said everything is fine, but the knots do not completely go away, they pull and tingle, there was also cervical osteochondrosis and the occipital and facial nerves became inflamed. I pierced Artrozan and Kombilipen, they sent me to do a fluorography - the norm, to a gynecologist - also the norm and no atypical cells were detected, ultrasound of the abdominal cavity is the norm, only the pancreas is uneven, apparently after treatment for ulcers and gastritis. Ultrasound in gynecology - the ovaries are normal, but I have uterine fibroids since 2004! What could it be? Yes, and they also felt a tubercle on the back of the neck. Thanks!

Hello! Most likely, this is cervical lymphadenitis due to infections of the upper respiratory tract or problems with the oral cavity. To rule out other pathology, periodically take a blood test. It would also be advisable to consult an immunologist. It is impossible to say anything specific about the “tubercle” on the neck, since it is not known what kind of formation it is. You can go to the surgeon, who will prescribe additional studies (X-ray, ultrasound, MRI).

Good afternoon! After hypothermia of the left side of the neck, the cervical lymph node became inflamed. Also, before that, the gum was inflamed at the figure eight from the bottom right. The gum had to be cut, the wound healed for a long time. The lymph node under the jaw was also inflamed, but now it is normal. Regarding the inflammation of the cervical node, she visited a surgeon who prescribed antibiotics. After taking a five-day course, the node decreased, but did not disappear completely. Another surgeon also prescribed an anti-inflammatory agent and an ointment. I did not consider it necessary to do a blood test, as I saw tests about a year ago, which were normal. I also had a thyroid ultrasound, an abdominal ultrasound, and a chest X-ray a couple of weeks ago. Doctors examined the neck and everything was normal. And now the node is inflamed. When palpated, it is quite painful, but after taking Nemulex and Voltaren, the pain subsided. The node is decreasing, but slowly. Now it is already the seventh day after it has increased. Could this be the case and how soon will it resolve? Nimesulide I need to drink for another five days. Thanks!

Hello! Continue treatment, lymphadenitis will definitely pass, how soon - it's hard to say, but you shouldn't worry too much. Take your prescribed medications, and it would still be good to take at least a complete blood count.

Hello. My son had cervical lymphadenitis. The pediatrician prescribed Amoxicillin and Tsitovir-3, drank for 7 days. Lymph nodes are barely visible and do not bother, but the temperature does not go away, it constantly jumps from 36.8 to 37.2, and today they went outside for 20 minutes and rose to 37.4. The pediatrician couldn't find anything. Can you please tell me why it is so hot? The child is 4 years old, feels good. Thank you.

Hello! The temperature usually rises with inflammatory processes, infectious diseases, problems with the immune system. If the pediatrician examined the child and did not find anything, then we will not be able to clarify the cause. Take blood tests, urine tests and monitor the child.

I passed a blood test, urine test, everything is normal, HIV negative, the doctor advised me to drink two courses of Immunal in a row, which I did, now the lymph node in the chin area has thickened again. Lymph nodes do not become inflamed, they do not cause much pain, they do not cause mainly in the jaw area, the teeth do not bother with tonsillitis and other diseases of the oral cavity do not bother, I noticed a trend - once every one and a half weeks they become denser after 3-6 days they return to their original position. Tell me what it could be and what to do about it? Thanks in advance!

Hello! It can be anything, but you should consult an ENT, dentist and immunologist to clarify the reasons.

Hello. I have enlarged lymph nodes in my armpit. two weeks before, a mole was removed in the other armpit (benign). The lymph nodes have been holding for two weeks. I took antibiotics for 10 days. during this time they have not decreased. but if at first they hurt, now they don’t hurt at all. no temperature. I feel fine. Is 10 days of treatment not enough? how much should be treated? is there any reason to worry? I also take echinacea tincture.

Hello! Lymph nodes will return to normal with time, since there is no pain, temperature and you feel normal, then the effect of the treatment is there. You should not worry too much, but it would be right to monitor your condition and visit a doctor to control the dynamics of lymphadenitis.

Lymphadenitis is an inflammation of the lymph nodes. This disease infectious nature presenting with acute symptoms. Pathology is dangerous, requires timely diagnosis and treatment. Knowing the specifics of this disease, a person will be able to suspect the onset of the pathological process in time and consult a doctor. Therapy of lymphadenitis without treating its cause is ineffective, so it is important to undergo a comprehensive examination in order to identify and cure concomitant diseases.

Lymphadenitis is inflammatory disease lymph nodes

Inflammation of the lymph nodes is called lymphadenitis. Lymphadenitis according to ICD-10 is indicated by code L04 (acute lymphadenitis) or I88 (nonspecific lymphadenitis). The exact ICD-10 code will depend on the cause and symptoms of lymphadenitis.

The disease is associated with the penetration of infection into the lymph nodes. Since the main function of the lymphatic system is to protect the organs and systems of the body from infection, the lymph nodes absorb pathogenic particles (bacteria, viruses, oncogenic cells, toxins, etc.). With the accumulation of a large number of pathogens, the lymph nodes can become inflamed.

The disease is equally common in both adults and children. The symptoms of lymphadenitis are generally similar, but there are differences, depending on which group of lymph nodes is affected.

It is important to be able to distinguish between lymphadenitis and lymphadenopathy, as these are different diseases with varying degrees of risk. If, with lymphadenitis, an inflammatory process occurs in the lymph nodes, which requires urgent treatment, lymphadenopathy does not pose a serious threat to health, as it is a reaction of the lymphatic system to a particular disease.

With lymphadenopathy, the lymph nodes only increase in size, and with lymphadenitis, they become inflamed. These are two different disorders with opposite approaches to treatment.

At the same time, lymphadenopathy predisposes to the development of lymphadenitis. This is due to the fact that against the background of a weakened immune system, the lymph nodes experience a strong load and cease to cope with their functions. As a result, they increase. If treatment is not started in a timely manner, a weakened body becomes susceptible to various diseases, therefore, infection of the lymph nodes and the development of lymphadenitis are likely.

As a rule, acute lymphadenitis manifests itself as a unilateral lesion of the lymph nodes. Inflammation of a group of lymph nodes is very rare. This pathology is doubly dangerous and requires immediate medical attention in the clinic.

Types of disease

Lymphadenitis in adults and children is divided into several types - according to the localization of inflammation, the nature of the inflammatory process and the cause of the occurrence. In addition, acute and chronic lymphadenitis is distinguished.

The acute form of the disease develops rapidly and is manifested by vivid symptoms. The disease is accompanied by severe pain, fever, symptoms of general intoxication. According to the international classifier of diseases ICD-10, acute lymphadenitis is designated by the code L04. Due to development, it can be non-specific and specific.
The chronic form of the disease occurs when acute inflammation was not treated in a timely manner. Also, lymphadenitis can become chronic in case of inadequate therapy of an acute inflammatory process in the lymph nodes. In chronic lymphadenitis, the symptoms are slightly smoothed out, but the general clinical picture only slightly different from the acute form of the disease.

Depending on the localization of the inflammatory process, lymphadenitis is conditionally divided into superficial and deep. Superficial lymphadenitis is called inflammation of the external lymph nodes - axillary, cervical, that is, those that are located in fatty tissue shallowly under the skin. These diseases include:

lymphadenitis of the legs;
inflammation of the cervical lymph nodes;
occipital and chin lymphadenitis;
supraclavicular lymphadenitis;
lymphadenitis of the nodes behind the ear;
inflammation of the femoral and inguinal lymph nodes, etc.

All these forms of the disease affect the superficial lymph nodes, which, when inflamed, noticeably increase in size, which makes it possible to suspect something was wrong in a timely manner.

With deep lymphadenitis, inflamed lymph nodes are not palpated

Deep lymphadenitis includes inflammation of the internal lymph nodes (intrathoracic, abdominal nodes, etc.). In children, mesadenitis is often diagnosed - inflammation of the lymph nodes located near the mesentery of the intestine.

Also, with lymphadenitis, the classification takes into account the extent of damage to the lymph nodes. Allocate unilateral (left-sided, right-sided) and bilateral lymphadenitis. As a rule, unilateral inflammation develops against the background of local lesions of the skin or organs with infections, and bilateral inflammation develops with systemic infections.

Local is called inflammation of only one lymph node from the group. The regional form of the disease is considered to be inflammation of a group of lymph nodes in one zone. Generalized inflammation is one of the most severe lymphadenitis. This pathology is manifested by inflammation of several groups of lymph nodes at once in different parts of the body.

Separately, several types of the disease are distinguished depending on the characteristics of the pathological process and the reasons for its development.

Reactive lymphadenitis

Reactive lymphadenitis is a secondary disease that develops against the background of latent infectious processes in the body. As a rule, reactive lymphadenitis occurs in a chronic form. This form of pathology is faced mainly by children who have had severe infectious diseases.

Reactive lymphadenitis is a specific response of the immune system to an infectious process in the body. In fact, it is part pathological changes caused by latent infection. As a rule, reactive lymphadenitis is caused by microorganisms that can be in the body in a latent form for a long time - the herpes virus, Candida fungus, opportunistic bacteria (streptococcus and staphylococcus), toxoplasma, etc.

The problem with this form of the disease is that with reactive lymphadenitis, the internal lymph nodes of the mediastinum or abdominal cavity often become inflamed. These diseases do not have pronounced specific symptoms, so you should pay attention to general malaise, cough, stomach pain, flatulence.

Knowing how reactive lymphadenitis manifests itself and what it is, you should go to the doctor as soon as possible. The development of this form of pathology indicates latent infections in the body, which is unsafe and requires timely detection and treatment of the disease.

Serous and abscessing lymphadenitis

Serous lymphadenitis is an inflammation of the lymph nodes without the formation of foci of necrosis in the lymphoid tissue. Under acute serous lymphadenitis is meant an inflammatory process, accompanied by a pronounced increase in the lymph node and compaction of its tissue, but without suppuration. Acute serous lymphadenitis is characterized by the involvement of tissues around the lymph node in the pathological process.

An increase in a lymph node or a group of nodes with characteristic soreness on palpation occurs in the acute course of the disease.

Lack of timely treatment can lead to the formation of purulent contents in the capsule of the lymph node, and then the disease develops into purulent or abscessing (a kind of purulent) lymphadenitis.

Abscessing lymphadenitis is characterized by acute excruciating pain, aggravated by sudden movements, fever and symptoms of general intoxication of the body. At the same time, the risk of abscess rupture and infection of the whole organism is high. The disease requires urgent medical care. Treatment of purulent lymphadenitis can be carried out surgically.

Specific and nonspecific lymphadenitis

Due to development, nonspecific lymphadenitis and specific lymphadenitis are isolated. In turn, these pathologies can occur in acute and chronic forms.

Thus, chronic nonspecific lymphadenitis is a disease with moderately severe symptoms caused by excessive activity of opportunistic microorganisms. Nonspecific mesenteric lymphadenitis (mesenteric) is called inflammation of the lymph nodes of the mesentery, which causes normal intestinal microflora. Non-specific lymphadenitis of an unspecified nature (code I88.9 in the ICD-10) is a non-purulent inflammation caused by opportunistic microorganisms in the case when the cause cannot be identified.

Specific lymphadenitis is an inflammatory process that occurs against the background of infection with pathogens alien to the human body. This type of disease includes syphilitic lymphadenitis, which develops against the background of widespread syphilis; tuberculosis, gonorrhea, tularemia, etc.

Caseous lymphadenitis

Caseous lymphadenitis is an inflammation of the lymph nodes against the background of infection with Koch's bacillus (mycobacterium, the causative agent of tuberculosis). This pathology is manifested by the formation of a focus of necrosis in the lymph nodes. The disease is a complication of primary tuberculosis.

Granulomatous lymphadenitis

A feature of granulomatous lymphadenitis is the formation of nodules in the capsule of the node. This pathology refers to specific inflammation of the lymph nodes and occurs against the background of tuberculosis, syphilis, gonorrhea. Pathology can be both serous and purulent in nature. In the second case, small abscesses form in the capsule of the lymph node.

Symptoms

Pain in the area of the lymph node and feeling unwell may indicate the development of the disease

For a disease like lymphadenitis, specific symptoms are characteristic. The main symptom of the disease is a significant increase in the lymph node, with fever and the appearance of pain. At the same time, this is true only for inflammation of the superficial lymph nodes. When deep lymph nodes are affected, their inflammation and enlargement can only be detected by ultrasound, radiography or MRI.

Common symptoms of superficial lymphadenitis:

significant enlargement of the lymph node;
an increase in body temperature over 38 degrees;
severe malaise;
symptoms of general intoxication: nausea, vomiting, headache.

Otherwise, the symptoms and treatment of this pathology in adults and children depends on which lymph nodes are inflamed.

Behind the ear lymphadenitis is characterized by the formation of a large tubercle under the skin. Lymphadenitis of the ear lymph node is often associated with infections of the middle ear and develops against the background of otitis media. Since this disease is more common in children, inflammation of this group of lymph nodes is also observed mainly in childhood.

Odontogenic lymphadenitis is associated with infectious diseases of the oral cavity and occurs equally often in children and adults. It is manifested by severe pain in the jaw and swelling under the chin, as the submandibular lymph nodes are affected.

Lymphadenitis lower extremities often accompanied by swelling of one leg, since inflammation of the popliteal lymph node leads to a violation of the outflow of lymph, as a result, the leg swells.

The specificity of inguinal lymphadenitis is a strong enlargement of the lymph nodes and acute pain, aggravated by walking.

Lymphadenitis in the armpit is often accompanied by suppuration, while the node noticeably increases in size and hurts a lot. The skin around the affected area becomes red and hot to the touch. This form of inflammation is accompanied by severe throbbing pain even at rest.

Signs of lymphadenitis of the axillary lymph node - swelling of the mammary gland in women, pain on palpation, a noticeable asymmetry of the left and right side chest. In men, an inflamed lymph node is visible to the naked eye.

Abdominal lymphadenitis is not visualized, but is accompanied by fever, stomach pain, flatulence, and dyspeptic disorders. This form of pathology is typical for children and is called mesadenitis.

The manifestation of inflammation of the nodes of the mediastinum - wheezing in the bronchi, hoarseness, cough.

Causes of the disease

With lymphadenitis, treatment depends on the cause of the disease, so it is important to undergo an examination and determine why the lymph nodes are inflamed.

In general, the reasons can be divided into two groups - general and specific. Common are various systemic infections that can cause inflammation of the lymph nodes of any group. Under specific causes, they mean diseases of individual organs and systems, leading to inflammation of nearby lymph nodes.

The causative agents of nonspecific lymphadenitis are streptococci and staphylococci

The main causative agents of the disease:

streptococcus;
staphylococcus;
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli;
treponema;
Pneumococcus.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes occurs when the penetration pathogen from the site of infection.

Pathologies of the facial lymph nodes cause the following diseases:

advanced caries;
jaw abscess;
pulpitis;
infectious and fungal stomatitis;
sinusitis;
tonsillitis.

Diseases of the oral cavity can cause inflammation of the submandibular lymph nodes.

Various inflammatory diseases of the ENT organs provoke damage to the lymph nodes of the neck, neck, ears, jaw and the development of lymphadenitis in these areas.

The cause of inflammation of the axillary lymph nodes can be various infectious diseases, including syphilis and tuberculosis. In addition, due to the superficial location, the lymph nodes of this zone are sensitive to local inflammatory processes due to skin infection. So, the cause of lymphadenitis can be inflammation of the sweat gland, erysipelas of the epidermis, furunculosis.

In addition, lymphadenitis in children may occur after BCG, as a reaction to vaccination.

Note! The infection can enter the lymph node due to damage to the skin during depilation.

Inflammation of the mediastinal lymph nodes is often due to tuberculosis or untreated pneumonia. In the first case, the causative agent is Koch's bacillus, in the second case - pneumococcus.

The defeat of the lymph nodes of the abdominal cavity in the vast majority of cases refers to nonspecific lymphadenitis caused by opportunistic organisms that inhabit the intestines. The trigger in such cases is a decrease in immunity due to herpes infection, inflammation of the intestine or gastric mucosa, hepatitis.

Lymphadenitis of the inguinal nodes is usually associated with inflammatory processes in the organs of the genitourinary system or sexual infections (syphilis, gonorrhea, etc.). Symptoms of lymphadenitis in women may appear due to inflammation of the ovaries.

What is dangerous pathology?

Having understood what serous and reactive lymphadenitis is, as well as diseases of specific and nonspecific etiology, one should be aware of their potential complications.

The dangerous consequences of lymphadenitis are purulent inflammation with the development of an abscess and the spread of the pathological process outside the lymph node. In such cases, irreversible changes in the lymphoid tissue develop, which require surgical intervention.

Among the complications:

fistula formation;
thrombophlebitis;
lymphogranulomatosis.

Changes in the tissue of the lymph node are potentially dangerous for the onset of cell malignancy. As a result, the risk of developing lymphoma increases. It is possible to distinguish lymphoma from lymphadenitis by the absence of acute symptoms in a malignant process, however, cancer can be accurately excluded only after a comprehensive examination.

Abscessing lymphadenitis is dangerous by infection of the whole organism in case of rupture of the capsule of the inflamed node. In this case, the purulent contents enter the general circulation and can cause blood poisoning, known as sepsis. In the most advanced cases, sepsis can be fatal.

The problem with chronic inflammation is that it lasts for a long time. In this case, the cause of the disease may remain hidden. In itself, the presence of a focus of infection in the body is dangerous, as it creates conditions favorable for the development of various pathological processes.

Chronic lymphadenitis, the treatment of which is not started on time, is accompanied by a weakening of the immune system, so the frequency of various infectious diseases increases many times over.

Diagnostics

If the lymph nodes are enlarged, you need to make an appointment with a doctor

Many patients wonder which doctor treats lymphadenitis. This diagnosis is made on the basis of a comprehensive examination, which can be prescribed by a general practitioner - therapist. In general, it all depends on which group of lymph nodes is inflamed. With an increase in inguinal lymph nodes, you should consult a gynecologist, urologist or dermatovenereologist, with pathologies of the cervical and ear lymph nodes, an otolaryngologist will help. In all other cases, you should contact your family doctor, but women with inflammation of the lymph nodes in the armpits should additionally be examined by a mammologist.

Required list of analyzes and studies:

medical examination;
general and biochemical blood tests;
Analysis of urine;
PCR analysis to detect infections;

With inflammation of the nodes of the chest, tuberculin tests are necessary. With lymphadenitis of the abdominal cavity, it is necessary to do an ultrasound or MRI of the organs, to pass an analysis of feces. In case of inflammation of the inguinal lymph nodes, an additional urogenital smear is prescribed.

Differential diagnosis is carried out to exclude the malignant nature of the neoplasm and tuberculosis. A blood test for lymphadenitis is necessary to exclude lymphoma and determine the number of lymphocytes.

Only a doctor can determine which tests to take if you suspect lymphadenitis. This disease is very dangerous, so treatment should be started only after the diagnosis is confirmed.

Principles of treatment

Treatment of lymphadenitis is carried out at home. Therapy is aimed at eliminating the cause of the disease.

Antibiotics relieve inflammation from the lymph nodes and normalize body temperature

Since inflammation of the lymph nodes is most often an infectious pathology, antibiotics for lymphadenitis constitute the main part of the therapy. What antibiotics should be taken for lymphadenitis - it depends on the causative agent of the disease. The treatment regimen should be drawn up by the attending physician, self-medication can be fraught with complications.

Medical therapy

Lymphadenitis can be cured only after the diagnosis has been clarified, so it is necessary not to delay a visit to the doctor. In the treatment used:

antibiotics;
antiviral drugs;
immunostimulants;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Antibiotic treatment allows you to quickly relieve acute symptoms and normalize body temperature, but it is important to choose the right drug. With lymphadenitis, the drugs Ceftriaxone, Sumamed (Azithromycin), Amoxiclav (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid) show a good result. As a rule, broad-spectrum antibiotics are used for treatment, but first of all, the results of tests and the sensitivity of the pathogen to a particular drug are taken into account. Thus, what antibacterial drugs treat lymphadenitis, you can find out only after the examination.

Remember! The earlier therapy is started, the lower the risk of developing dangerous complications.

For symptomatic treatment lymphadenitis, drugs of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory group are used. These drugs reduce the inflammatory process, eliminate pain and relieve fever. At home, to eliminate pain in lymphadenitis, you can take Ibuprofen, Nalgezin, Nimesil. These anti-inflammatory drugs do not treat lymphadenitis, so antibiotics are still indispensable.

If lymphadenitis is caused by a disease of a viral nature, against which there was a weakening of the immune system and the addition of an infection, the therapy is supplemented with antiviral agents.

How to treat lymphadenitis at home also depends on the severity of the inflammatory process. With localized inflammation, Vishnevsky ointment, Levomekol, heparin ointment can be used. These drugs are applied under a bandage, which is changed twice a day. It is important to note that ointments are used to speed up recovery in addition to antibiotic therapy. Anti-inflammatory creams and ointments for lymphadenitis should be prescribed by a doctor.

After stopping the inflammatory process, the patient can be prescribed physiotherapy for lymphadenitis. Physiotherapy such as UHF therapy is often prescribed, which allows to speed up the recovery of the affected lymph nodes. Often, after lymphadenitis, a seal remains on the lymph node, which can be reduced with the help of physiotherapy procedures.

Diet

Having figured out what lymphadenitis is and why it is dangerous, it becomes clear that the disease requires an integrated approach to treatment. In addition to taking medication, you should review the diet for lymphadenitis. It is important to completely exclude from the diet any heavy food, spicy and fried foods, sweets and soda.

With inflammation of the superficial lymph nodes, the diet is aimed at strengthening the immune system, so the basis of the diet is food rich in vitamin C.

With inflammation of the intestinal lymph nodes, a strict diet should be followed, in this case table No. 15 is recommended.

Traditional medicine and homeopathy

The use of folk remedies for lymphadenitis as an independent therapy is unjustified, since they are ineffective. Treatment with folk remedies can be used in addition to conservative drug therapy and only after the approval of the doctor.

Methods folk treatment lymphadenitis are based on the intake of herbal decoctions with anti-inflammatory properties. These include nettle, sage, calendula. A mixture of these herbs, taken in equal parts, is poured with boiling water at the rate of 1 liter of water per 2 large tablespoons of raw materials, insisted in a thermos for 4 hours, and then taken 100 ml twice a day.

To eliminate psychosomatic symptoms (weakness, fatigue, loss of strength) with lymphadenitis, you can take an infusion of pharmacy chamomile.

To reduce swelling, inflammation and strengthen immunity, it is allowed to take a rosehip decoction, since the berries of this plant are rich in vitamin C. To prepare the medicine, pour 5 g of berries with 500 ml of water and boil for 10 minutes over low heat. Take the medicine should be one glass daily.

You can also take echinacea for lymphadenitis. This plant is a natural immunostimulant. The easiest way is to buy a tincture of this plant in a pharmacy or take echinacea tablets.

Important! Compresses using alcohol, like any warming procedures, are prohibited with lymphadenitis.

In addition to treatment medicines prescribed by a doctor, with lymphadenitis can be used homeopathic treatment. The effectiveness of homeopathy for lymphadenitis has not been proven, however, Lymphomyosot drops can be used as an adjuvant.

Forecast and prevention

Timely treatment of viral diseases minimizes the risk of developing lymphadenitis

The medical history of lymphadenitis depends on the causes of its development. It is difficult to say exactly how much lymphadenitis is treated. In the case of an acute inflammatory process, it is possible to cope with the disease in 2-3 weeks, however, with chronic inflammation treatment is extended over several months. Timely diagnosed acute lymphadenitis is successfully treated and in most cases passes without complications. In the event of an abscess, there is a risk of irreversible changes in the affected lymph nodes, resulting in a fistula.

Prevention of lymphadenitis is aimed at strengthening the body and timely treatment of any infectious diseases. To prevent the development of lymphadenitis, it is necessary to treat influenza and SARS in a timely manner, as well as all chronic diseases and not to delay a visit to the doctor when alarming symptoms appear.

When the body is fighting an infection or injury, lymph nodes sometimes swell. Doctors call this reactive lymph node hyperplasia ( reactive lymphadenitis), which is usually not dangerous.

What is the function of the lymph nodes?

Lymph nodes contain B and T lymphocytes, which are the main types of white blood cells. These cells help the body fight bacteria and viruses. Lymph nodes also carry lymph fluid and connect through lymphatic vessels. Together, the lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels make up the lymphatic system, which is an integral part of the immune system.

When something goes wrong in the body, lymphatic system produces cells to fight bacteria, viruses, and other causes of disease. Then the lymph nodes begin to swell. Lymph nodes can also enlarge in response to injury, and sometimes they enlarge due to cancer.

Lymph nodes usually enlarge near the injury site. For example, lymph nodes near the pinna may swell when a person develops an ear infection, while lymph nodes in the neck may swell in response to strep throat.

Symptoms of reactive lymphadenitis

The main symptom of a reactive lymph node is swelling. Sometimes the area around the lymph node also swells up. The body contains hundreds of lymph nodes, and they are most often crowned on the neck and around the face, in the groin and armpits. When lymph nodes become enlarged due to infection or injury, they:

less than 1.5 centimeters in diameter;
soft;
mobile.

Swelling is usually only seen in a specific lymph node or group of lymph nodes. A person who has many enlarged lymph nodes throughout the body may have a severe systemic infection or certain types of cancer.

Reactive lymph nodes often accompany an infection or injury, and a person may notice other symptoms of an infection, such as:

fever;
pain near the injury
disease symptoms;
signs of infection near the injury, such as redness or swelling;
nausea.

An enlarged lymph node does not necessarily mean that the infection is serious. In some people, swollen lymph nodes do not cause other symptoms.

Causes

The most common causes of swollen lymph nodes are:

infections such as skin, ear or sinus infections;
exposure to allergens;
skin injury or irritation;
dental health problems such as cavities or stomatitis
exposure to bacteria or viruses;
mononucleosis, a highly contagious virus that can cause various lymph nodes to swell;
skin irritation, such as from acne or rashes.

Sometimes immune diseases cause swollen lymph nodes. Less common causes of a reactive lymph node condition include:

metastases from cancer that spreads from the main location to neighboring lymph nodes;
lymphoma - cancer of the lymph nodes;
sepsis, which is a type of systemic infection that can become life-threatening.

When a person has cancer or a severe infection, they may have many swollen lymph nodes. Swelling in one lymph node is less likely to be a sign of a serious problem.

Reactive lymphadenitis - treatment

Proper treatment for swollen lymph nodes depends on the cause. When a person has no symptoms of an infection, the swelling often goes away on its own. When infections cause lymph node reactivity, a person may need antibiotics. More severe infections may require antibiotics to be given intravenously. People with weak immune systems may need to be hospitalized for even relatively minor infections.

Treatment is available for many forms of cancer, especially if a doctor diagnoses them early. Depending on the type of cancer, a doctor may recommend removal of lymph nodes, chemotherapy, or radiation.

When to See a Doctor

Enlarged lymph nodes can be worrisome, especially if the cause is unclear. However, in most cases, swollen lymph nodes are a sign that the body's immune system is working well. A person with HIV or AIDS who is taking drugs that suppress the immune system, or if the person has a weak immune system, should see a doctor if their lymph nodes are swollen.

Most people can wait 1-2 weeks to see if symptoms go away. You should see your doctor within a day or two if:

enlarged lymph nodes appear after a skin injury;
enlarged lymph nodes in a newborn or infant;
swollen lymph nodes are accompanied by fever.

You can wait about 2 weeks to see if the swelling goes down. If the swelling persists, or if the lymph node becomes hard or larger than 1.5 cm in diameter, see your doctor.

Forecast

Lymph nodes enlarge for many reasons, most of which are relatively harmless. However, a doctor can determine if a person has a serious infection that needs treatment, as well as evaluate other potential causes of reactive lymph nodes.

Sometimes the lymph nodes remain enlarged long after the infection has gone. If the lymph node does not change or become hard, this is usually not a cause for concern.