How to treat diarrhea in adults. How to treat diarrhea without fever? Causes of loose stools without fever Vomiting and diarrhea causes in an adult

By itself, diarrhea in an adult is not a separate disease, but a symptom that occurs in a wide variety of ailments. Therefore, in order to successfully normalize the stool, it is necessary to understand the causes of diarrhea in each case and, if possible, eliminate them.

What is diarrhea in adults?

Diarrhea (diarrhea) is pathological condition when there is an increase in stool in adults more than 3 times a day, as well as a change in its consistency: it becomes watery, may be with mucus and spotting. Acute diarrhea lasts up to 2-3 weeks. chronic diarrhea lasts more than 21 days.

Classification of diarrhea according to the mechanism of occurrence

In the intestinal lumen, sodium and chloride ions accumulate, which leads to an increase in osmotic pressure. High osmotic pressure causes additional water inflow and a sharp increase in the volume of intestinal contents. Typically, this type of diarrhea is characterized by very large and loose stools, as well as loss of water and electrolytes.

In severe cases, if left untreated, secretory diarrhea can be fatal due to acute fluid deficiency and hypovolemic coma.

This type of diarrhea is observed in cholera, salmonellosis, viral intestinal infections, hormonally active tumors. In addition, some laxatives and prostaglandins cause frequent stools in this way.

To some extent, it is similar to secretory, since in this case, increased osmotic pressure also leads to excessive accumulation of water in the intestinal lumen and an increase in the volume of feces. However, here hyperosmolarity does not occur due to increased secretion of sodium and potassium ions, but due to the fact that initially the contents of the intestine have a high osmotic pressure. Diarrhea of ​​this type usually occurs in the case of rotavirus infection, as well as overdose of saline laxatives.

Inflammation develops in the lower intestines, due to which the reabsorption of water worsens. It is observed in dysentery and amoebiasis.

Liquefaction of stool occurs due to additional release into the intestinal lumen of blood, protein exudate, mucus or pus. This type of diarrhea is typical for diseases accompanied by inflammation of the intestinal mucosa - Crohn's disease, intestinal tuberculosis, ulcerative colitis, etc.

It is characterized by the acceleration of intestinal peristalsis. As a rule, it is observed in case of stress, functional indigestion, diabetic enteropathy, amyloidosis, scleroderma.

The main causes of diarrhea in adults

The leading causes of diarrhea in adults are:

  • food poisoning;
  • excessive consumption of "heavy" food;
  • diseases of the digestive system, accompanied by inflammation of the intestinal walls (enteritis, enterocolitis);
  • food allergy;
  • enzyme deficiency;
  • taking certain medications (eg, synthetic sweeteners, laxatives);
  • abrupt change in style and eating conditions (traveler's diarrhea);
  • intestinal flu and other infections;
  • lead poisoning, mercury;
  • stress.

When diarrhea is accompanied by fever up to 380C, vomiting or bloody diarrhea, watery diarrhea, it is important to immediately consult a doctor in order to receive adequate treatment and avoid the development of serious complications.

What is the danger of frequent diarrhea

If the stools are watery and frequent, then the likelihood of dehydration and electrolyte loss increases, which can lead to death. For this reason, you should urgently see a doctor and immediately help the sick person if the following symptoms are observed:

  • dry mucous membranes;
  • increased heart rate;
  • chapped lips;
  • rare urination or its complete absence;
  • lowering blood pressure;
  • the appearance of muscle cramps;
  • disturbance of consciousness.

Be sure to consult a doctor in the following situations:

  • diarrhea does not stop for 3 or more days;
  • violation of the stool occurs and develops for no reason;
  • in addition to diarrhea, yellowness of the sclera and skin, intense abdominal pain, sleep disturbance and heat;
  • stools are dark black or green in color, with an admixture of blood.

First aid for diarrhea

If diarrhea and vomiting or diarrhea and fever are observed, then it is better to consult a doctor as soon as possible, as these symptoms may indicate the development of a serious illness, for example, acute intestinal poisoning. First aid before the patient is examined by a doctor is to prevent dehydration and significant loss of minerals. In this regard, experts, in the case of diarrhea that has begun, recommend the following:

  1. Plentiful drink with the addition of minerals. For this purpose, Regidron (and its analogues) is best suited. If it is absent, then you can take lightly salted water, saline.
  2. Stick to a strict diet. When diarrhea has begun, it is better to refrain from 1 - 2 or more meals altogether, unless the doctor recommends otherwise. In order to relieve intestinal inflammation, you can drink tea or decoctions of anti-inflammatory herbs.

Diarrhea Treatment: Diet

A complete treatment for diarrhea includes the following dietary recommendations.

  1. It is allowed to use such products as white crackers, mucous porridges, vegetable purees, steam and boiled fish, lean meats, rice water, tea.
  2. It is forbidden to eat spicy, salty, sour foods, foods containing a large amount of coarse fiber. In addition, milk, brown bread and everything that can cause increased gas formation and “fermentation” are not recommended.
  3. In the early days, foods that stimulate the release of bile are excluded from the diet: eggs, fatty meat, butter, etc.


Gradually, the list of allowed foods is expanding, and the patient, as the stool normalizes, can switch to a normal diet. In situations where diarrhea is caused by enzyme deficiency or any chronic bowel disease, systematic dieting is one of the most effective means of ongoing therapy.

How to treat dehydration in acute or chronic diarrhea

As a rule, before the normalization of the stool, glucose-salt solutions are prescribed. They make up for the loss of mineral salts, as well as fluids in the body. The most famous drugs in this group are Regidron, Gastrolit, Citroglucosan. In the absence of them at hand, you can independently prepare and use the following solution: for 1 liter of water, baking soda is taken ½ teaspoon, salt - 1 teaspoon, potassium chloride - ¼ teaspoon, and 4 tbsp. l. Sahara. Instead of potassium chloride, you can take a decoction of dried apricots (dried apricots).

How to treat diarrhea with drugs

The most common drugs used to treat diarrhea are:

The best prevention of diarrhea is personal hygiene, eating only quality foods, and timely treatment of various chronic bowel diseases.

In the absence of timely treatment, diarrhea can turn into chronic form. What to do if your stomach is constantly bubbling and diarrhea has not stopped for several weeks? Choosing the right treatment option depends on the cause of the disease.

Causes of prolonged diarrhea

There are several causes of prolonged diarrhea:

The composition and quantitative ratio of bacteria in the intestine affects the digestion process. Taking antibacterial drugs leads to a violation of the normal microflora.

Antibiotics destroy lactobacilli, E. coli and bifidobacteria, which are directly involved in the digestion process. The cause of dysbacteriosis may be a lack of fresh vegetables and fruits in the diet.

The disease leads to impaired absorption of fluid and nutrients. Lack of timely treatment can lead to enterocolitis.

Prolonged diarrhea can be a sign of pancreatic pathologies. In chronic pancreatitis, the production of enzymes involved in the digestive process is greatly reduced.

The risk group includes people who are chronic alcoholics. The inflammatory process can begin after the use of ethanol.

Pancreatitis is found in people who eat too much fat. Constant overeating greatly complicates the work of the pancreas. Not fully digested food enters the intestines of a sick person. As a result, the patient begins to ferment immediately after eating.

In this case, the active reproduction of bacteria occurs. In the liquid stool of the patient, pieces of poorly digested food can be seen. This phenomenon is called creatorrhoea. Steatorrhea indicates the presence of undigested neutral fat in the feces. Fat, covering the walls of the intestine, makes it slippery, and this provokes diarrhea.

diarrhea in ulcerative colitis

Ulcerative colitis affects the tissues of the large intestine. The patient not only becomes inflamed mucous membranes, but also ulcers form. Most patients are young people between the ages of 20 and 35. Patients complain of the following symptoms:

  • clots of blood and mucus appear in the feces;
  • the lower abdomen begins to hurt;
  • a person feels rumbling in the stomach and diarrhea does not go away after taking antidiarrheal drugs;
  • the patient feels discomfort and swelling;
  • a person is forced to go to the toilet more than 2 times a day;
  • weight loss occurs.

Crohn's disease

The disease leads to inflammation of the mucous membranes of the digestive system. This damages tissues small intestine.

There are 3 degrees of severity of Crohn's disease:

  1. The initial stage of the disease is accompanied by a slight increase in stool. Blood in the patient's stool is very rare.
  2. A sign of moderate severity is an increase in the frequency of stools up to 6 times a day. There are traces of blood in the patient's stool.
  3. The latter degree leads to more severe complications. In many patients, bleeding and fistulas can be detected.

The disease affects people under the age of 35. The patient has characteristic symptoms:

  • aching pain in the abdomen;
  • a person complains of weakness;
  • bloody diarrhea begins, with a frequency of up to 10 times a day.

When the worm multiplies in the body, the patient feels:

  1. Cramping pains appear in the abdomen.
  2. The patient (most often a child) suffers from diarrhea and flatulence;
  3. Constant rumbling in the stomach and diarrhea does not stop for more than a week.
  4. The disease leads to increased gas formation.

A distinctive feature of such diarrhea is the absence of blood and mucus in the feces.

When infected with salmonella, feces acquire a characteristic. Salmonellosis is a dangerous intestinal infection that can lead to dehydration, infectious toxic shock, and even death. Gray liquid diarrhea can be seen in patients with pancreatic pathologies.

Colonoscopy

The examination of the patient includes the following procedures:

  1. Colonoscopy allows you to evaluate the surface of the large intestine of the patient. Based on the data obtained, experts draw conclusions about various diseases- ulcers, diverticula, polyps, bleeding, tumors.
  2. Bakposev (bacteriological examination) is used to identify pure cultures of bacteria.
  3. During a proctological examination, you can find out about cracks and fistulas in the colon.
  4. No less valuable information can be obtained with rectomanoscopy. With the help of an endoscope, specialists examine the mucous membranes of different parts of the intestine. .
  5. If additional questions arise, the patient can be referred for an irrigoscopy. The procedure consists in examining the large intestine using a radiopaque substance. The method allows you to determine the condition of the mucous membranes, the presence of tumors and damage.
  6. Thanks to ultrasound of the abdominal cavity, inflammation of various parts of the digestive tract can be detected in a timely manner. Doctors evaluate the work of the pancreas, stomach and intestines.

Treatment for prolonged diarrhea

Loose stools are not a disease. This is a syndrome, and it just indicates a disorder in the digestive system, which can occur for various reasons.

Antibiotics are used to treat diarrhea associated with bacterial infection.

Decoction of blackberries

You can get rid of diarrhea with blackberry sprigs. Before preparing the broth, they must be cut into small pieces. Fill in st. a spoonful of raw materials with a glass of water and cook for 15 minutes. Ready broth can be replaced with tea. Within 3 days after the start of drinking blackberry broth, you will notice an improvement in your condition.

Potentilla root can be used to treat chronic diarrhea. Pour 100 grams of raw materials into a liter of water and cook for 20 minutes over low heat. The solution helps with bloody diarrhea that does not go away for a long time.

Many viral diseases are characterized by fever and diarrhea, but sometimes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and weakness appear without fever.

Possible reasons

The choice of treatment depends entirely on the factor influencing the onset of symptoms.

The most common cause of diarrhea without fever in adults and children. It is the result of eating expired food or improper storage conditions. Symptoms of poisoning appear within 1-3 days and for each person they pass individually. Some people vomit and have diarrhea without fever. Others develop fever and fever.

If such symptoms occur, then the patient needs to increase the amount of water in the daily diet and exclude the spoiled product from the meal.

Stress, neurotic state

The occurrence of loose stools against the background of general weakness may indicate nervous excitement or a stressful state of the body. As a rule, this is accompanied by a headache.

In this case, a person may not feel any signs of fear or anxiety. The body, reacting in this way, copes with the load on the nervous system. If this condition occurs frequently, then this is a reason to see a doctor.


Symptoms this disease also are diarrhea, vomiting. In some cases, there is no fever. The condition is accompanied by a sore throat, weakness, runny nose and lack of appetite. This disease must be treated only by a doctor, as it is easily transmitted by airborne droplets.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

If diarrhea without fever lasts more than 5 days, then this indicates possible problems with intestines. It could be:

  1. Pancreatitis, which also causes pain in the abdomen and a feeling of nausea that does not go away.
  2. Gastric ulcer, gastritis. Additional symptoms: bloating, heartburn, high or low blood pressure.
  3. Enterocolitis, in which mucus and traces of blood may be present in the stool.
  4. Gastroduodenitis. Accompanied by an unpleasant aftertaste in the mouth, decreased appetite and a feeling of fullness in the stomach.

If all the signs of the disease do not disappear within 3 days, then it is urgent to consult a gastroenterologist.

Dysbacteriosis

Long-term use of drugs can also cause diarrhea and vomiting. Most often they occur after a course of antibiotics, immunostimulating agents, or with self-incorrect selection of tablets.

The joint use of two or more drugs can also cause dysbacteriosis. In this case, it is necessary to consult a doctor who will prescribe the normalization of the intestinal microflora.

Other reasons

Also, the reason for diarrhea without fever can be:

If the symptoms last for a short time, then the specialist prescribes general analysis urine, blood and feces. If you experience abdominal pain, heartburn and other signs of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, additional studies are prescribed:

  • X-ray diagnostics;
  • intestinal colonoscopy;
  • sigmoidoscopy;
  • analysis of liver and pancreas enzymes.

A complex of studies will allow to identify the disease at the first stage (for example, cancerous tumor) or exacerbation of a chronic disease.



When to Call for Emergency Help

Poisoning can be mild, which can be managed at home, and severe, and you will need urgent medical attention.

It is necessary to call an ambulance if the patient has the following symptoms:


The presence of even one of these signs causes an ambulance to be called. Before her arrival, it is necessary to wash the patient's stomach and provoke an attack of vomiting. He also needs to be given plenty of water and rest.

Treatment

At the first signs of disease, it is required to increase the amount of water in the daily diet and switch to a light diet. It is forbidden to eat spicy, heavy, fatty foods, coffee and cocoa. Be sure to replace the bread with rye crackers. The diet should include cereals and vegetables boiled in water, as well as jelly and compotes.

On the first day, it is better not to eat, you can limit yourself to weak sweet tea and crackers.

If the cause of diarrhea is poisoning, it can be treated with:

  • Activated charcoal.
  • Smecta.
  • Enterosgel.
  • Polysorb.
  • Atoxyl.

These drugs are suitable for both adults and children.

If treatment does not help for several days, you should contact a gastroenterologist who will prescribe a course of medications that restore the intestinal microflora.

Diarrhea or diarrhoea, is a bowel disorder that causes frequent bowel movements.

The stool with diarrhea is distinguished by watery masses of feces of a liquid or semi-liquid consistency. In adults, diarrhea is not considered an independent pathology, but a sign that the gastrointestinal tract has failed and the stomach is not working properly. An upset stomach poses a dangerous threat to people, which leads to serious consequences.

Consider how to treat diarrhea at home, as well as what drugs are used for adult diarrhea.

Causes of diarrhea

The main causes of loose stools in adults:

  • intolerance to certain foods (allergic reactions, hypolactasia);
  • indigestion after a hearty meal with "heavy" dishes;
  • mild food poisoning;
  • stressful condition (excitement, fear, fear, in which diarrhea is the result of the release of hormones);
  • taking certain medications (laxatives, antacids, antiarrhythmic drugs, anticoagulants, synthetic sweeteners);
  • traveler's diarrhea (associated with changes in climate and diet).

Such diarrhea usually resolves in 3-4 days, and the sick person is likely to be able to associate the onset of diarrhea with previous events. However, the causes of diarrhea in an adult can be more serious:

  • inflammatory diseases of the digestive system (gastritis, hepatitis, NUC (ulcerative colitis), ulcers);
  • infection with bacteria, viruses, protozoa (dysentery, salmonellosis, intestinal flu);
  • diseases of the gastrointestinal tract of unclear etiology (Crohn's disease);
  • functional insufficiency of organs (deficiency of certain enzymes);
  • toxic damage (poisoning with lead, mercury).

In such cases, it is not enough just to stop diarrhea: it is necessary to establish a diagnosis and conduct qualified treatment, often in a hospital. Concerning clinical manifestations diarrhea, they can be mild. This applies to ordinary indigestion, when, in addition to loose stools, spastic pains in the abdomen and dyspeptic symptoms (seething, bloating, strong accumulation of gases in the intestines) can be observed.

Clinical features of diarrhea in the presence of AII (acute intestinal infections)

As a result of exposure to various pathogens, the functioning of the digestive organs is disrupted. IN winter period AII is the result of exposure to viruses on the body, and in the summer - bacteria. Digestive disorders occur both due to the penetration of microbes into the intestinal mucosa, and due to the production of toxic agents by them.

Diarrhea caused by AII, such as salmonellosis or invasive bacilli, can last for quite a long time. In some cases, this condition can even threaten the life of the patient.

There are two main types of diarrhea in the presence of AII:

  1. With an admixture of blood. This type of diarrhea occurs due to bacteria entering the intestinal mucosa that affect it. Often occurs with the development of diseases such as salmonellosis and dysentery;
  2. Watery. This type of diarrhea is typical for AII, which are caused by the ingestion of bacteria and viruses that can release toxic substances, such as Vibrio cholerae, into the body. As a result, the intestinal mucosa, which has been destroyed by pathogens, begins to release water and salts, which then enter the stool.

In the presence of AII, as a rule, diarrhea is observed, which is in the acute stage. With the development of certain diseases, such as dysentery, diarrhea can become chronic.

In what cases you need to urgently consult a doctor:

  • if severe diarrhea does not stop for more than 4 days;
  • when watery diarrhea is accompanied by high fever;
  • if the feces are dark in color and have a tar-like consistency;
  • when persistent diarrhea contains mucus or blood;
  • if severe watery diarrhea occurs more than 15 times a day;
  • when body temperature is below 36.6;
  • if the stomach hurts a lot;
  • heat;
  • if there is severe diarrhea, which is accompanied by sharp pains in the abdomen;
  • if there is a possibility of poisoning with toxic substances and poisons.

Even one of the symptoms is considered a serious reason for urgent medical attention for both women and men.

How to treat diarrhea?

If diarrhea occurs regularly, is accompanied by pain, bloating, discomfort, if there is mucus and blood in the feces, and the frequency of stools exceeds 15-20 times a day, you should consult a doctor and find out the causes of the condition. Only understanding the cause allows you to assign the correct effective treatment diarrhea.

At home, treatment with drugs should be carried out only after consultation with a specialist! Incorrectly selected drugs, as well as non-compliance with the dosage, can lead to very serious consequences!

Diarrhea poses the greatest danger to humans due to high risk dehydration, the prevention of which can be carried out with the help of special medicines, such as Regidron.

  • Regidron. Glucose-electrolyte mixture with a rehydrating effect. It is used for diarrhea to restore lost electrolytes. Contraindicated in patients who are unconscious, as well as people with intestinal obstruction, hypersensitivity to the components medicinal product and functional disorders of the kidneys. Not used for diarrhea caused by cholera. Sick diabetes should take Regidron only with the permission and under the supervision of a doctor!

The following drugs are also used to combat diarrhea:

  • Acipol. A probiotic that helps restore the intestinal microflora and is involved in the normalization of the synthesis of vitamins K, B1-B12. It is used to treat diarrhea caused by intestinal dysbacteriosis, impaired motility and intestinal motility. Contraindicated in patients sensitive to any of the components of the drug. The average price is 250 rubles.
  • Activated carbon. A water-insoluble preparation based on animal or vegetable charcoal, which has a detoxifying, adsorbing, antidiarrheal effect. Contraindicated in adult patients with ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, gastric bleeding. When taken concomitantly with other medicines neutralizes their action and becomes useless for the treatment of diarrhea. The average price for 10 tablets of the drug is 15-20 rubles.
  • Hillak Forte. A remedy for diarrhea that has a beneficial effect on the growth of beneficial intestinal microflora. It has a detrimental effect on pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic flora. Contraindicated in case of intolerance to the main and / or auxiliary substances that make up the drug. In acute bacterial conditions for the treatment of diarrhea use antibacterial drugs that destroy pathogens of intestinal pathologies. All antibacterial drugs have a negative impact not only on pathogenic microorganisms, but also on the normal intestinal microflora.
  • Smekta. Sorption drug that has positive impact on the body in chronic diarrhea caused by allergic reactions or exposure to infections. Not recommended for use in patients with hypersensitivity and intestinal obstruction. The average price is 125 rubles.
  • Enterol. Antibiotic with antimicrobial and antidiarrheal effects. It has an antitoxic and immunostimulating effect. Contraindicated in women carrying a child and in the period breastfeeding. It is also not used to treat patients with hypersensitivity to the drug. The average price is 250 rubles.

As an important piece of advice, it should be noted that diarrhea in an adult that has not gone away in 3 days is a reason to see a doctor. Chronic diarrhea can indicate the presence of serious diseases, it even happens with some forms of cancer.

It is also worth seeing a doctor if the temperature during diarrhea rises above 38, signs uncharacteristic of indigestion or poisoning appear: rash, yellowness of the skin and eyes, dark urine, sleep disturbances. Constant excruciating pain in the abdomen should not be the norm (spastic pain before and during defecation is acceptable).

Black or green diarrhea, vomiting mixed with fresh or coagulated (dark) blood, semi fainting, signs of severe dehydration indicate the criticality of the situation: it is urgent to call ambulance.

How to treat diarrhea after antibiotics?

Treatment of diarrhea after antibiotics is carried out in a complex and is aimed at restoring bowel function. Also, the goal of therapeutic measures is to eliminate the symptoms and consequences of this disorder.

Treatments for diarrhea after antibiotics include:

  • adherence to dietary nutrition;
  • taking medications that correct the composition of the intestinal microflora;
  • prevention of dehydration and intoxication of the body.

Taking medications to correct intestinal microflora

To normalize the composition and properties of the intestinal microflora, patients are prescribed special drugs. Depending on the composition and effect, such drugs are divided into several categories.

The types of drugs are:

  • probiotics - include cultures of living microorganisms;
  • prebiotics - contain substances that stimulate the activity of beneficial microflora;
  • Synbiotics are combined preparations consisting of probiotics and prebiotics.

The therapeutic effect of these drugs is to create favorable conditions for the growth of beneficial intestinal microflora and inhibition of vital activity. pathogenic microorganisms. Active ingredients These drugs take part in the production of vitamins and create an environment for their effective assimilation. Also, the intake of such drugs contributes to a better breakdown of food and the removal of toxic substances from the body.

What to eat with diarrhea?

It is recommended to eat bananas, boiled rice, applesauce, crackers. Food should be boiled, pureed or steamed, without spices, fat and coarse vegetable fiber. You need to eat often and in small portions (preferably every 3 hours with a break for the night). Daily salt intake - 8-10 g.

Forbidden:

  • strong broths made from meat, fish, vegetables or mushrooms,
  • canned, smoked, spicy foods,
  • any flour products (except those permitted above),
  • everything sweet (intestinal infection disrupts mucosal function, so undigested sugars ferment and cause osmotic diarrhea),
  • any fatty foods (rich soups, fatty meat and fish),
  • mushrooms (hard to digest even in healthy people, because they contain the polysaccharide chitin, which is also found in the outer cover of crayfish, insects, etc.),
  • vegetables, fruits and berries in raw and not pureed form,
  • whole (fresh) milk (there is a lot of lactose, see below for more details),
  • legumes (beans, lentils, beans),
  • carbonated drinks (carbon dioxide irritates the mucous membranes),
  • cold meals.
  • white bread (stale or in the form of crackers),
  • fresh grated cottage cheese of low fat content,
  • mucous mashed porridge-smear on the water (rice porridge is especially recommended),
  • boiled eggs or steamed scrambled eggs,
  • soups on a weak meat, fish or vegetable broth with boiled cereals,
  • lean meats and fish in the form of steam meatballs,
  • sour apples in a baked, boiled, grated form (apple pectin removes toxins, and organic acids inhibit the growth of bacteria),
  • bananas.

If there are signs of decay (putrid smell of feces, rotten belching, increased gas formation in the intestines), the amount of protein in food should be reduced and more often give cereals, mucous soups, kissels. If there are signs of fermentation (foamy feces with a sour smell), you need to reduce the amount of carbohydrates in food to 150 g / day. and at the same time increase the amount of protein (cottage cheese, eggs, minced meat).

As you recover, food is expanded, including dry biscuits, bakery products from unleavened dough, sour-milk products, fresh fruits (with normal tolerance) on the menu.

With diarrhea in hospitals, treatment table No. 4 (according to Pevzner) is prescribed, during the recovery period - No. 2, subsequently - No. 15 (general table). There is a lot of information on the Internet on this topic, including description, calorie content, and even examples of dishes.

Prevention

To minimize the risk of intestinal infections and prevent food poisoning, the following measures must be observed:

  • washing hands thoroughly with soap before eating;
  • high-quality washing of fresh fruits and berries, especially those bought in markets and supermarkets, in running water;
  • competent culinary processing of products;
  • refusal of expired, low-quality or suspicious food.

An infection or bacterium that enters the body provokes vomiting and intestinal upset. The latent period of development of symptoms of the disease takes from several hours to several days. Delay in the elimination of symptoms causes severe dehydration and exacerbation of chronic diseases in an adult.

The beginning of the development of unpleasant symptoms

Vomiting and diarrhea are the causes of many diseases. A banal upset of the intestines and stomach rarely becomes the primary source of such symptoms. The etiology of the origin of the disease state lies deeper. Only a doctor diagnoses the exact cause of diarrhea during vomiting in a sick person.

Causes of frequent stools and vomiting:

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

Pancreatitis, gastritis, dysbacteriosis, enterocolitis provoke diarrhea and vomiting after fatty and fried foods. Pancreatitis without fever is accompanied by nausea, peripheral pain in the stomach. Gastritis causes heartburn, cutting pains in the abdomen, drops in blood pressure.

Enterocolitis is characterized by bloody or mucous impurities in the feces. State preceded great weakness. Gastroduodenitis causes a feeling of heaviness in the abdominal region, malaise and heartburn. Due to functional changes in the stomach, the patient experiences weakness, a headache, and the skin is pale. Intestinal dysbacteriosis provokes rumbling in the stomach, bloating, painful spasms with diarrhea. Food is digested incorrectly, poorly absorbed.

Acute intestinal infections

Viral gastroenteritis can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. A person becomes a carrier of an infection that is dangerous to others. Infectiousness persists even after recovery, so a sick person needs to be isolated. Treatment is prescribed by a doctor.

Signs of gastroenteritis

Symptoms of the disease:

  • Sharp pain in the abdomen;
  • Headache;
  • Rumbling and intestinal spasms;
  • Nausea;
  • Vomit;
  • Bloating and tension in the abdomen;
  • Diarrhea;
  • Weakness;
  • Anorexia.

An adult can do without treatment, having a mild disease. Diagnosis occurs through examination of the stool.

Viral nature of the disease

Viruses (rotavirus, astrovirus, intestinal adenovirus, calicivirus) affect the epithelial layer of the small intestine in the body. Provoke watery diarrhea. The rising temperature causes cold extremities, aching joints.

A common case of stomach eruption and diarrhea in children and adults is rotavirus infection. Easily settles on the mucous membranes of the nose, mouth and penetrates the body. The latent period of development is one to three days. Rotavirus is often associated with respiratory diseases.

In the morning, there is lethargy, weakness, redness of the throat and soreness when swallowing. High temperatures freeze the body, can cause leg cramps. Lack of appetite is a common sign of infection. Undigested pieces of food sharply distinguish vomiting in this disease from vomiting in other variants of infection.

The second type of infection - astrovirus - more often affects children in winter. Spread by the fecal-oral route, incubation takes three to four days. Adenovirus is infected all year round, the latent period is three to ten days. The child is more prone to illness than the parent.

Caliciviruses lie in wait for a weakened body of a teenager or an older person all year round. The infectious form of the disease is transmitted with water and food or from a carrier of the virus through contact. The latent period of the course of the disease is a day or two.

Other types of gastroenteritis

After a meal of dubious quality, there is a problem with digestion. The nature of bacterial gastroenteritis is based on microorganisms of the group of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and others. Bacteria can be on the intestinal mucosa. The released toxins change the absorption of nutrients, causing the separation of water and minerals. The process is accompanied by loose stools. It is important to control what color and type it is.

bacterial type

When contaminated food is consumed, bacteria enter the body and settle in the stomach. The phenomenon is accompanied by nausea, vomiting and diarrhea within twelve hours after ingestion of contaminated food products. The person experiences chills and lethargy.

Giardia affects the intestinal mucosa, attaching to the membrane. The disease is characterized by diarrhea, vomiting with nausea. There is weakness, malaise, dizziness. People become infected through raw water, touching a sick person. Diarrhea takes on a watery appearance, abdominal pains are spastic in nature.

In an adult, an independent passage of the disease without a cause may occur. However, if the immune system is weakened, then the disease worsens, the body loses a lot of water and minerals. Diarrhea becomes subacute or chronic.

How to help the patient

Loose stools and vomiting with nausea are symptoms of diseases of a serious etiology. To the listed signs are added high temperature, fever, loss of strength. The body aches, and the bones ache. What to do if symptoms are detected: call an ambulance, call the doctor on duty.

Before the arrival of a medical officer, perform a gastric lavage procedure. A person is given to drink one and a half liters of warm boiled water. If there is no natural gag reflex, press the root of the tongue until the stomach is completely empty of contents. The first need is to provide the patient with bed rest. Allocate a personal plate, cup, cutlery (shared dishes can infect others).

Treatment

If vomiting and loose stools continue for more than three days, this is an alarming sign. To prevent rapid dehydration of the body, it is recommended to take a solution of rehydron. Drink should be in small frequent sips, preventing vomiting. After vomiting, bring a drink to the sick person every 20 minutes. Loss of body fluid leads to the following consequences:

  • the sick person is dizzy;
  • mild weight loss occurs
  • there is a fainting state in the morning;
  • body aches appear;
  • the temperature rises, then drops below normal.

After the doctor establishes the diagnosis and identifies the causes of the disease, treatment should begin immediately. With a bacterial factor, the doctor prescribes an antibiotic medication for diarrhea. If pancreatitis has become the cause of vomiting and diarrhea, then they make up for the lack of digestive enzymes, take drugs such as festal.

The doctor prescribes taking absorbents that will collect toxins in the intestines. Sorbent preparations include: activated carbon, enterosgel, polyphepan, polysorb. The product absorbs toxic substances and removes them from the body.

The work of the intestine resumes after diarrhea and vomiting, if the doctor's recommendations are strictly followed. To restore the natural microflora, a medicine containing bifidus and lactobacilli will help. It is impossible and not worth it to cure the symptoms of the disease on your own. Adequate treatment for nausea, vomiting and diarrhea will be selected by a doctor.

Dieting

In case of poisoning from overeating and after alcohol abuse, washing is done. Taking antiemetic medication helps control vomiting. Subsequently, a sparing diet is observed. The menu includes white crackers, slimy soups, jelly, rice water. Fresh vegetables and fruits are prohibited. You can only eat bananas. In a day or two, boiled lean meats, poultry and fish are added. The first day, if possible, treat the patient with hunger.

To do without pain in the abdomen, fatty, spicy, fried foods are removed from the usual diet. Fiber is the best food for provoking intestinal motility. Milk, sweet carbonated drinks should not be drunk: they cause both bloating and fermentation in the intestines.

Nausea and diarrhea are quite rare phenomena in the daily life of a person leading a healthy lifestyle.

But, if such symptoms appear, then you can be sure that the problem lies in the gastrointestinal tract.

In order to properly deal with the problem on your own, you need to carefully study the information about possible diseases, consequences and methods of treating the stomach.

It is important to remember that self-treatment may not always be effective and correct, so you should seek help from a specialist who will prescribe treatment.

Possible Sources of Nausea and Diarrhea

Problems with the digestive system are the main cause of nausea, belching, flatulence, diarrhea and vomiting.

There are several most likely foci of diseases: peptic ulcer stomach, chronic gastritis, lesions of the pancreas, liver and gallbladder.

At chronic diseases digestive system during the period of exacerbation, the main complaints are associated with nausea, bloating and pain in the stomach.

If there is abdominal pain and high fever, then you should immediately discuss treatment with your doctor.

Such symptoms may indicate inflammation of the appendix, which requires urgent surgical intervention.

The appearance of nausea, diarrhea, weakness in the body and fever can signal that infectious pathogens have entered the digestive system.

Without timely intervention in case of bacterial and viral lesions, a fatal outcome is possible.

One commonly observed cause of nausea and vomiting is stomach food poisoning. Outwardly, the symptoms resemble an intestinal infection.

Food poisoning is the result of eating stale food. In this case, there is a high temperature, nausea, vomiting, aching pain in the abdomen and diarrhea. All these symptoms lead to loss of strength and dehydration.

In addition to food poisoning, poor-quality alcohol and the wrong dosage of medications can harm the body.

Diarrhea and nausea are among the main symptoms intestinal flu. The disease proceeds with fever, pain in the intestinal area and chills.

The influence of psychosomatic influences includes the manifestation of nausea, decreased appetite, lethargy and loose stools. Disruption of the digestive system is associated with stress and depression.

In addition to these unpleasant symptoms, dysbacteriosis can develop. The reasons for its appearance include diseases that have affected the functioning of the stomach and intestines.

The result was a violation of microflora and microbial imbalance.

Symptom management and treatment

After the manifestation of the disease in the form of nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and weakness, the first impulse will be the desire to get rid of them.

Such actions should be taken only after a visit to the doctor. However, it is important to know what to do before meeting him in order to alleviate the condition.

Diagnosing appendicitis means that only an operation to remove the appendix can correct the situation.

Treatment of intestinal infection and influenza should begin with gastric lavage and its release. This should be done with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

Vomiting will cleanse the stomach, and potassium permanganate in addition will have an antiseptic effect. To replace water and salts in the first days of treatment, mineral water with an increased level of salt is drunk without fail.

According to the doctor's prescription, the treatment is carried out by the infusion method, having previously passed the tests and determined the loss of minerals and vitamins.

This can help to quickly replenish the balance of necessary substances in the stomach.

On the initial stage treatment of stomach disease, you need to connect sorbent drugs, such as activated charcoal, Smecta or Enterosgel.

In this case, a diet is prescribed, aimed at facilitating the work of the stomach. Crackers and strong black tea, soups, cereals, low-fat boiled meat, kefir or fermented baked milk are allowed to be consumed.

Treatment of exacerbations of chronic diseases of the stomach, both in an adult and in a child, should be aimed at relieving symptoms and normalizing the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

To do this, you must adhere to a diet and drink medications prescribed by a gastroenterologist.

Prevention of the consequences of food poisoning, like the treatment of intestinal infection, should be directed to the speedy removal of harmful food from the stomach.

If vomiting does not occur naturally, then it must be induced artificially. Next, the stomach should be neutralized from the formed toxins with the help of sorbents.

The most effective in this case is the drug Smecta, which has a soft, enveloping effect and helps to restore the epithelium of the walls of the stomach.

Treatment of the consequences of alcohol poisoning of the stomach includes a set of measures to detoxify the body, replenish the water-salt balance and restore physical fitness.

Treatment of drug poisoning depends on the drug that caused the consequences.

Prevention of diseases of the digestive system

In order not to bring the body to a state in which it feels sick, there is weakness and frequent loose stools, measures can be taken that can not only delay serious consequences, but also completely rid the stomach of them.

As stated above, the causes of poor health and malfunction of the body lie in nutrition, accidental infection, non-compliance with the instructions for using medications, chronic diseases and disturbed mental state.

To exclude the possibility of a negative effect on the stomach of the food consumed, you need to choose only fresh products when buying.

Be sure to wash fruits and vegetables before eating. When preparing raw foods, you need to follow the proper heat treatment.

Cooking must be done in a clean room, using clean kitchen utensils. Even compliance with these requirements will exclude situations of indigestion, in which it can vomit and pull to the toilet.

Wash your hands before eating and preparing food. Dirty hands should never be brought to the face and mouth.

If spoiled food is found in the refrigerator, you need to get rid of them. Even one day of delay can have very unpleasant consequences for the body.

When treating with medications, they should be taken only after prior consultation with the attending physician and only in the dosage indicated by him.

In order to prevent the occurrence of intestinal infections and influenza, you need to avoid any contact with carriers of these diseases until they are completely recovered.

This type of disease is dangerous because it can be transmitted even by using the same dishes with the patient.

To avoid the negative effects on the digestive system of stress and other mental disorders, you need to relax more, surround yourself with positive people and enjoy simple little things.

But, if it was not possible to get rid of stressful situations at work, then you need to try the use of light sedatives.

After studying all the information about diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, what are the causes of their occurrence, symptoms and treatment measures, we can conclude that these are exhausting and unpleasant situations for the body.

And in order not to encounter them, it is important to follow simple rules of prevention that will avoid infections and diseases of the stomach and intestines.

If this is not possible, then the treatment should take place only under the supervision of a physician.

If the child is sick, vomits, but there is no body temperature and diarrhea, this cannot be called a disease. But this symptom- an alarming sign to the parent, indicating a violation in the functioning of the baby's body or the first sign of illness.

Vomiting is an unpleasant sign provoked by a person’s unconditioned reflex, which helps to get rid of what prevents him from functioning normally, caused by various diseases. The process occurs with undigested food, through contraction of the pylorus.

Symptoms

Gagging without diarrhea and without fever may be accompanied by the following symptoms:

  • Morning and general lethargy, impotence.
  • Frequent salivation and involuntary swallowing.
  • Violent palpitation and shortness of breath.
  • Prolonged nausea.
  • Sweating.
  • Paleness of the skin.

Fever, diarrhea are absent when regurgitation in an infant. It occurs both in a monthly baby, and in a year, two years and up to three years. Most often, regurgitation stops at 7 months.

  • Repeated sudden, single fountain, nausea is absent.
  • Pale skin.
  • Tight, hard abdomen.

If the child feels well, in the presence of these symptoms, you should not worry. Regurgitation after eating is a natural phenomenon in the formation of the digestive system. Signs of regurgitation are dangerous, independent of eating food, when the skin turns blue, the baby's temperature drops, and repeated vomiting occurs.

Kinds

The process of eruption through the mouth without diarrhea, temperature, depending on the influence factor, is divided into types:

  • Psychogenic vomiting, the cause of which is problems with the central nervous system in children. The psychogenic type is diagnosed in a teenager, a child of 6-7 years old, rarely in a small child. This type includes kinetosis - the process of motion sickness in transport: land, water, resulting in vomiting.
  • The urge to vomit is caused by the presence of gastrointestinal diseases.
  • Eruption of stomach contents without fever, caused by poisoning.

Causes

Vomiting without fever, diarrhea indicates the absence of pathological health problems. An exception to the rule may be a traumatic brain injury, problems with the cardiovascular system. Eruption of the contents of the stomach without additional signs.

Vomiting is a consequence of a number of diseases, the causes of which are many. The causes of the psychogenic type are mental disorders, rumination, strong excitement, stress. Associative ( appearance and smell) the eruption also occurs through a psychogenic species.

Diseases of the central nervous system: epilepsy, hypoxia, meningitis, migraine, increased cranial pressure are accompanied by eruption of gastric contents. Foreign body in the stomach, reflux disease, dysmotility and congenital diseases, the result of which is the emptying of the stomach.

Vomiting without other symptoms is a consequence of pathologies: lactic acidosis, the syndrome of cyclic eruption of gastric contents, which occurs periodically with severe migraine, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.

Complications

Severe consequences can occur with vomiting with fever. But the presence of such in asymptomatic eruptions of the contents of the stomach is diagnosed extremely rarely.

The regurgitation observed in babies does not cause health complications. Psychogenic species in a child also do not cause consequences. Complications can be if the associative, related to this type, is fixed and there is repeated vomiting.

frequent, severe vomiting does not pass without consequences. Dehydration is a sign of complications. Periodic vomiting in rare cases leads to the mass entering the lung system, which causes aspiration pneumonia.

Periodic urges with concomitant intense sweating of the child lead to hyperkalemia.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis is not difficult. Vomiting, which is not characterized by temperature, loose stools, narrows down the list of possible diseases. Examination of the baby, anamnesis - the first thing the doctor should do. The anamnesis will allow you to learn about the past diseases of the child, about his condition from birth.

The information necessary for the correct diagnosis is the age of the baby, its weight. Next, the skin is examined for the presence of a rash, an assessment of the neurological condition is made - a convulsive syndrome is excluded or confirmed. The abdomen is palpated to check the condition of the muscles.

The parent tells the doctor about concomitant symptoms: pain in the abdomen, head, blanching, tinnitus, and others. The specialist should tell about her character: single or multiple, unexpected, indomitable, was she at night or happened in the morning. It is important to say about the frequency: every hour or less. Did the baby feel better after vomiting, did the condition not change, or was there a deterioration? Color, consistency, smell, the presence of foreign objects, mucus are the necessary characteristics.

Testing

For more information, please take a test. An appointment for a child to take tests occurs in rare cases when the doctor doubts the reliability of the data received or there is a suspicion of a certain ailment.

The procedure involves the donation of blood and urine for a general analysis. Blood is examined for the level of reticulocytes, albinum, coagulability is studied.

What to do

Without fever, diarrhea, vomiting is mostly rare. In this case, there is no need for treatment. It is only necessary to independently monitor the condition of the child. The presence of repeated attacks with deterioration requires urgent intervention by a specialist.

home treatment

To treat at home means to establish a gentle diet for the baby. The injured gastric mucosa requires special attention. It doesn't matter if it was a single or continuous vomiting.

To eliminate dehydration, it is worth giving the child water, another liquid. It is better to give rehydron purchased at a pharmacy. Give children up to a year to drink a spoonful at intervals of several minutes. After vomiting in a three-year-old, drink rehydron several tablespoons with identical intervals. From the age of three and older - one and a half, two spoons.

Alternative medicine

Safe methods of treating the consequences of a violation of the functionality of the stomach include:

  • Weak tea, preferably green - eliminates the feeling of nausea, alleviates the condition.
  • Making mint, chamomile tea helps with psychogenic vomiting. The baby calms down, the condition is normalized.
  • Currant juice (freshly squeezed) helps to get rid of nausea.
  • Quince baked helps to recover from vomiting and subsequent drinking.
  • Boiled cooled water with the addition of lemon, honey.

Nausea with urges is the case when the child should drink plenty of fluids, including acidic juices. The reason for this is the presence of vitamin C in them, which helps to restore the body, give strength. Before using the method of treatment, consult a doctor. Alternative medicine, which has a different assortment of herbs, has contraindications for the treatment of children.

Prevention

The postemetic state of the child needs to drink plenty of water, good nutrition. Especially if a girl or boy has dehydration. The amount of water needed to drink depends on the age of the child.

It is worth eating cereals on the water, lean meat, dairy products should be chosen with a lower fat content. Reduce portions, increase the number of meals. Sweets, fatty foods should be excluded from the diet until complete recovery. Fruits, mainly citrus fruits, freshly squeezed juices are a necessity for complete recovery, the body requires vitamins and microelements.

Walking in the fresh air is necessary to improve well-being. Many diseases arise due to oxygen starvation. Requires ongoing work mental health his child, if the cause of vomiting was a traumatic event.

In diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, the nervous system, you should follow the doctor's recommendations. Qualitatively performed prevention will relieve negative consequences, strengthen the baby's immunity.