Ureaplasma positive analysis. What is ureaplasma parvum: ways of infection, signs and complications, diagnosis and treatment

Ureaplasma- a very unusual causative agent of sexual infections. It differs in that in most patients it does not cause inflammatory reactions.

Often in women, ureaplasma parvum lives in the urogenital system. At the same time, it does not cause any pathological processes for years.

The bacterium is believed to be harmless in small amounts. Therefore, not all doctors prescribe treatment, having discovered it. There are norms of ureaplasma parvum - the amount at which therapy is not prescribed.

Let's talk about what is the norm of parvum ureaplasma, and whether it really exists. When ureaplasma parvum is detected, the norm for women and men is considered the same. It is 10 to the power of 4. Units of measurement may vary. It depends on which method is used to diagnose ureaplasmosis.

Basically two methods are used. This is PCR and bacteriological culture. In PCR, DNA copies serve as units of measurement.

In a cultural study - colony-forming units. Thus, the norm of ureaplasma parvum in a smear in women is 10 to 4 degrees of CFU or DNA copies per ml.

Why determine the quantitative indicators of ureaplasma? This is done to make a decision about the need for treatment.

Ureaplasma- an ambiguous microorganism. On the one hand, this bacterium causes a number of inflammatory processes in the human body. It threatens the normal course of pregnancy.

Can cause male and female infertility. Sometimes leads to damage to the joints.

On the other hand, this does not happen in all patients. Unlike many other sexually transmitted pathologies, ureaplasma is less of a threat to health.

For example, having become infected with syphilis or gonorrhea, everyone knows that they need to be treated, no matter how many pale treponemas or gonococci are contained in a smear. Because these bacteria cause severe inflammatory processes, and sometimes even threaten the life of the patient.

The ureaplasma of a life unequivocally does not bear threat. Although it also causes trouble, they are incomparable in scale with more serious venereal pathologies.

Therefore, with a small concentration of bacteria and no symptoms, it is considered that a person is healthy. He does not need treatment. Especially if the concentration of ureaplasma parvum in the body is normal.

If it is below 10 to the 4th degree, then it is assumed that in this amount the bacterium will not cause an inflammatory process. Accordingly, a person does not need antibiotics. If the concentration of ureaplasmas is higher, then treatment is prescribed. Moreover, even in the absence of clinical symptoms.

Ureaplasmosis and ureaplasmosis

Ureaplasmosis is a diagnosis of exclusion. It is believed that ureaplasma in most patients does not cause ureaplasmosis. Therefore, the mere fact of finding a bacterium is not a reason for establishing a diagnosis.

Moreover: the detection of ureaplasma against the background of the inflammatory process of the urogenital tract also does not give the doctor such a right. He must first examine the patient for all other STDs. These are chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis and other pathologies.

And only in the case when none of the pathogens is detected, the diagnosis of ureaplasmosis can be established.

That is, it is set under a combination of the following conditions:

• during PCR or cultural diagnostics, ureaplasma was detected
• during the examination of the patient, no other sexually transmitted microorganisms capable of causing inflammation of the urogenital tract were detected
• there are clinical or laboratory signs of inflammation (discharge, dysuria, leukocytes in a smear)

If at least one of these conditions is not met, then the diagnosis of ureaplasmosis is not made. For example, if a gonococcus is detected, then it is believed that it was he, and not ureaplasma, that caused inflammation. If there is no inflammation at all, but ureaplasmas are detected, this condition is called ureaplasma positivity.

Is ureaplasma positivity dangerous?

Ureaplasma is always a threat. Moreover, it does not matter how much it is contained in the urogenital tract, and whether it causes an inflammatory process at the moment.

Ureaplasma positivity is dangerous for the following reasons:

1. Infection of other people.

It is possible that ureaplasma does not cause any symptoms in you. And it is likely that they will not even appear during your entire life. But ureaplasmas can be passed on to your sexual partners.

And their carriage of ureaplasmas may not go so smoothly. Inflammatory processes, complications of pregnancy are possible. Therefore, with ureaplasma positivity, treatment is recommended in case of a change in sexual partner. There is no need to expose him to the risk of contracting a venereal infection.

1. Possible exacerbation of ureaplasmosis.

Sooner or later, ureaplasmosis can worsen. Although this infection is now dormant due to a small population of bacteria, their numbers can increase in a short time. This happens in the case of creating favorable conditions for the growth of flora.

Ureaplasma becomes dangerous in such cases:

• pregnancy
• decreased immunity
• hypothermia
• severe chronic illness
• accession of other genital infections

There are many situations, life and medical, that can weaken your defenses. And then ureaplasma will make itself felt. It will cause an acute inflammatory process.

Not only the lower sections can be affected genitourinary system. Often, the pelvic organs are also involved in the pathological process.

1. The infection threatens the course of pregnancy.

Ureaplasma positivity- an unfavorable phenomenon primarily for pregnant women. Because they have a bacterium that can cause a number of complications. Including leads to spontaneous abortions.

Children born to mothers with ureaplasmosis are often infected with this bacterium. They may develop inflammatory lesions of the respiratory organs.

1. Complications.

Even in the absence of symptoms, ureaplasma can cause complications. It migrates to the internal genital organs. The bacteria cause infertility in some patients.

With prolonged carriage, reactive damage to the joints is possible. According to rough estimates, up to 15% of reactive arthritis caused by sexually transmitted infections is caused by ureaplasma. This is due to the fact that some of the antigens of this bacterium are similar to human ones. Therefore, the antibodies that are produced affect not only the causative agent of the infection. They also attack their own joints, skin, and sometimes internal organs.

Ureaplasma parvum when planning pregnancy

There is convincing evidence of the negative impact of ureaplasma parvum on the course of pregnancy. It can cause complications for the mother and fetus. Therefore, no norms of ureaplasma parvum during pregnancy should not exist.

Any case of detection of this infection is an indication for treatment. This is somewhat at odds with the official position of medicine.

It is believed that an indication for the treatment of ureaplasmosis is a burdened obstetric history. That is, if you have already had 1-2 miscarriages in the past. If they have not yet been, then ureaplasmosis can not be treated. But most venereologists have a different point of view.

There is no need to wait for complications and spontaneous abortions. It is better to prevent all these dangers at once, spending only a few days on it. Having been treated at the stage of preparation for pregnancy, a woman can be sure that her child is no longer threatened by ureaplasma parvum.

Consequences of ureaplasma parvum in women during pregnancy

Ureaplasma parvum has a negative impact on all stages of the reproductive function. It can cause problems with conception. Because women sometimes cause infertility.

If conception has occurred, then the risk of complications during pregnancy increases. In the most unfavorable cases, spontaneous interruption in the early stages is possible. Finally, at the time of delivery, ureaplasma parvum can infect the baby. This is fraught with serious illnesses.

Complications of pregnancy that can cause ureaplasma:

• heterotopic pregnancy (attachment of the ovum outside the uterus, in this case in the fallopian tube)
• chorioamnionitis
• postpartum endometritis
• low birth weight
• isthmic-cervical insufficiency
• puerperal fever

Even in the event of an abortion, ureaplasma poses a threat. Because after an abortion, an inflammatory process of the endometrium may occur. In a chronic course, it can damage the basal layer. This is fraught with uterine factor of infertility. Parvum ureaplasmas are dangerous during pregnancy and for the fetus.

They may cause:

• bronchopulmonary dysplasia
• pneumonia
• sepsis
• meningitis

With is there a norm of ureaplasma parvum

Ureaplasma norms exist. But the feasibility of their use in clinical practice is questionable.

There are several reasons for this:

1. The standards themselves are questionable.

Why exactly 10 to the 4th power?

Probably for the reason that most bacteria cause inflammation in this concentration. This is the threshold beyond which pathological processes begin, caused by conditionally pathogenic flora. For example, Escherichia coli or staphylococcus aureus.

After 10 to 4 degrees, they begin to be determined in a Candida smear. That is, this figure in relation to ureaplasmas is taken only for the reason that other infections can cause inflammation when the corresponding quantitative indicators are reached. At the same time, there is no convincing evidence that ureaplasma in the amount of 10 to 4 degrees is more dangerous than, for example, 10 to 3 degrees.

1. The concentration of ureaplasma is constantly changing.

Simple experiments show that the number of ureaplasmas in the urinary tract is unstable. It is constantly changing. Moreover, not once every few months or years, but every day.

The number of ureaplasmas is affected by a huge number of different factors:

• hypothermia
• drinking
• decreased immunity, etc.

That is, the number of bacteria changes even with minor external influences. Today the concentration can be one, and tomorrow - another.

Does this mean that today ureaplasmosis does not need to be treated, but tomorrow it is necessary? Of course, this would not be a problem if women were tested by a venereologist every day. But that doesn't happen.

A woman gives a smear once.

And if there is a norm, she may not receive treatment. The woman goes home, and she will not know if after a week the number of ureaplasmas in the urogenital tract increases significantly. And this carries all the risks that are described above.

1. It is impossible to determine the number of ureaplasmas in the urogenital tract.

If several smears are taken from one patient during one procedure, they will show different quantitative results. According to many doctors, it makes no sense to estimate the amount at all.

Because it does not reflect the concentration of bacteria in the urogenital tract. And only shows the number of ureaplasmas in the smear.

Sometimes it gets more bacteria, sometimes less. That is, whether treatment will be prescribed to the patient often depends only on how the doctor took the smear.

When is ureaplasma treatment required?

Treatment in the presence of ureaplasma is indeed not always prescribed. But at the same time, it is hardly worth focusing on a quantitative norm.

Other factors need to be taken into account, namely:

1. Does the woman plan to have children?

It doesn't matter when - in a year or in 20 years. Does she allow the possibility of pregnancy in principle. If yes, then it is better to carry out treatment. Because otherwise infertility can develop.

And in the event of pregnancy, the risk of complications will increase.

1. How active a woman's sex life is.

That is, whether it exposes partners to the risk of infection. If she has monogamous family relationships, and the patient is not going to change her partner in the coming decades, treatment can not be prescribed.

If a woman is young, with a high probability her current partner is not the last. In order not to infect the next, it is better to be treated.

1. Are there signs of inflammation?

You can talk about inflammation clinical symptoms. Ureaplasma causes discharge, pain during sex, an unpleasant smell from the vagina.

If there are no symptoms, you need to look at the laboratory parameters. With an inflammatory type of smear on the flora, treatment is required. Indolent inflammatory processes have a bad effect on a woman's reproductive health, even if they pass without symptoms.

So, let's sum up.

Treatment may not be prescribed in such cases:

• if a woman is not afraid of infertility and pregnancy complications (that is, if she is never going to get pregnant at all)
• if there are no signs of inflammation
• if there is no risk of infecting partners (monogamous marriage or complete lack of intimate life)

In all other situations, it is desirable to be treated. After all, treatment does not require a lot of time, money and effort.

It only lasts a few days. During this period, a woman takes 1-2 tablets per day. The therapy usually goes without side effects.

Control tests for ureaplasma parvum

After treatment of ureaplasma parvum in women, a second diagnosis is carried out. Including it can be quantitative.

To do this, use a cultural study or PCR.

Tank culture can be done 2 weeks after completion of therapy.

PCR is carried out in a month.

Treatment can be stopped if the population of microorganisms has decreased to normal. That is, it is below 10 to the 4th power. But it is better to carry out therapy until the complete eradication of ureaplasmas.

If you get rid of the carriage, you can prevent exacerbations of the disease in the future. In addition, you will not infect your partners with ureaplasma.

Where to go with ureaplasmosis

With ureaplasmosis, you can contact our clinic. We have experienced venereologists who will help get rid of inflammation or the carriage of this microorganism.

Our services:

• diagnosis of ureaplasmosis
• examination of patients and determination of indications for treatment
• assessment of the functional state of the reproductive organs
• treatment of ureaplasmosis
• monitoring the effectiveness of therapy

Ureaplasmosis can be cured completely. The optimal result of therapy will be the complete elimination of carriage, and not a decrease in the population of ureaplasmas.

If you suspect ureaplasma, contact the author of this article, a venereologist in Moscow with many years of experience.

"Ureaplasma parvum - found", which means how dangerous it is to health and whether it requires treatment - such questions arise in the patient when viewing the results of their tests. In any case, such a record will mean some discrepancy with the normal indicators of the microflora of the human genitourinary system and will cause a mandatory visit to the doctor.

Features of ureaplasma bacteria

To date, infectology knows 14 types of ureaplasmas. Ureaplasma parvum is an opportunistic bacterium from the ureaplasma spp. Like ureaplasma urealyticum, this bacterium provokes diseases of the genitourinary system. Usually, ureaplasma parvum in men is diagnosed more often than in women. Infectionists also note the greater pathogenicity of this type of bacterium compared to ureaplasma urealiktikum. Both of these bacteria in the active stage have a negative impact on the reproductive function of the human body. According to statistics, ureaplasma parvum occurs in every fourth woman.

Microorganisms of the ureaplasma family are constantly present in the biogenesis of human microflora. Their habitat is most often the mucous membrane of the genitourinary organs. When certain conditions arise, the activity of microbes increases, and ureaplasmas penetrate the body of a man or woman. There, bacteria produce certain enzymes that destroy antibodies. immune system person. With a strong protective reaction of the body, inflammation does not occur. However, in the absence of antibodies, microbes easily integrate into healthy cells, provoking a disease such as ureaplasmosis. At the same time, representatives of both sexes are equally affected by ureaplasmosis, but in men the disease is accompanied by the absence of severe symptoms.

All ureaplasmas feed on urea, which is why they choose the human genitourinary system as their habitat. In the process of biological activity, microbes break down urea to ammonia. This chemical subsequently causes the destruction of the mucosa, which leads to the formation of erosions, ulcers and swelling.

There are early and chronic ureaplasmosis. Early ureaplasmosis can occur in an acute or flaccid form. The chronic form of the disease is asymptomatic.

Symptoms

Symptoms of infection and progression of the disease in men and women are different. Often, in the stronger sex, ureaplasmosis is asymptomatic, while women may notice one or more of the following symptoms:

• itching and burning in the genital area;
• painful urination;
• yellowish or greenish vaginal discharge;
• pain during intercourse;
• increase in the volume of daily urine;
• pulling or cutting pains in the lower abdomen;
• cloudy urine;
• swelling of the mucous membrane of the urethra and vagina.

With oral infection with ureaplasmosis, angina-like symptoms are observed: sore throat, purulent plaque on the tonsils, etc.

Reasons to pass necessary tests on the definition of ureaplasma in a woman are difficulties with conception or miscarriage. If a woman's immune system is strong enough, then germs may not bother her for a long time. A woman may not be aware of the presence of the disease and be a carrier of the infection.

The hidden nature of the course of ureaplasmosis in men makes it difficult to diagnose the disease. Often the disease is found in a chronic form. Often, a man learns about the presence of an infection when he encounters more severe diseases of the genital organs. Among the signs of the disease can be identified:

• urination is accompanied by a strong burning sensation;
• pulling pains in the lower abdomen;
• mucous discharge from the penis.

The latent period of the disease ranges from 2 weeks to several months. At this time, a person is contagious, that is, he can infect his partner or partner. The signs of ureaplasmosis are very similar to other diseases of the genital area, so make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe proper treatment only a doctor can.

Causes and ways of spreading bacteria

Ureaplasma activity begins when certain conditions occur:

• reduced immunity;
• severe hypothermia of the body;
• stress;
• heavy physical activity;
• other diseases.

Stress is a provocateur of ureaplasmosis

All these factors can provoke the disease ureaplasmosis.

As a rule, ureaplasma bacteria are transmitted sexually from partner to partner. But there are cases of oral infection with ureaplasmosis.

Ureaplasma infection spreads:

1. With unprotected intercourse.
2. In utero (when the mother infects the unborn baby).
3. At home (when using personal hygiene products). This mode of infection is the most unlikely.

Ureaplasmas urealiktikum and parvum are highly infectious.

Diagnosis of the disease

If you suspect the presence of ureaplasma bacteria in the body, the following diagnostic measures are carried out:

1. Blood test for the presence of DNA and RNA fragments of ureaplasma. In the patient's blood, antibodies of various classes to ureaplasma are determined.
2. Sowing scrapings from the penis, cervix, or urethra.
3. Polymerase chain reaction is a high-precision analysis that allows detecting even one pathogenic cell in the test material. A negative result will show the absence of U DNA. If fragments are found, ureaplasmosis is diagnosed.

A positive result for the presence of bacteria of the ureaplasma species is not yet a reliable diagnosis of any disease. There is a so-called medical norm when a certain amount of opportunistic microbes does not harm the functioning of internal organs.

Drug treatment of ureaplasmosis

Treatment of ureaplasma urealiticum or parvum is prescribed when there are characteristic symptoms, and the concentration of microbes in the clinical material exceeds 10 to the 4th degree CFU/ml.

Therapy for ureaplasmosis is reduced to the use of antibiotics, immunostimulating drugs and vitamin complexes. The treatment regimen for the disease is selected strictly individually, taking into account the symptoms of the disease and the patient's health status, so self-medication should not be done. Medical treatment illness includes:

1. Antibiotics: Sumamed, Azithromycin, Doxycycline and etc.
2. Antiprotozoal drug Trichopolum.
3. Anti-inflammatory drugs: Ibuprofen, Diclofenac.
4. Vitamin complexes with high content vitamins B and C.
5. Immunomodulators: Timalin, Lysozyme.
6. Eubiotics: Linex, Acipol, Bifiform and etc.

Treatment can be supplemented by various physiotherapy.

In severe or recurrent disease, doctors may prescribe a combination of antibiotics. It is advisable to determine the sensitivity of the bacteria to the antibiotic before starting drug therapy in order to select the optimal treatment. Typically, such therapy is prescribed in the treatment of ureaplasma parvum. The duration of treatment is 2-3 weeks.

Poor-quality or untimely treatment of an ailment in men can lead to inflammation such as:

• urethra;
• epididymis or testicle itself;
• prostate;
• Bladder.

• adhere to a diet that excludes spicy, sweet, fatty foods and alcohol;
• at the time of treatment to refuse sexual intercourse;
• observance of strict hygiene of the external genital organs;
• refuse to visit the sauna, pool, bath, etc .;
• avoid hypothermia, severe physical activity, emotional stress.

In this case, therapy is prescribed to both partners.

The chronic form of ureaplasmosis adversely affects the quality of a man's sperm and can lead to infertility. Often ureaplasmosis accompanies urolithiasis disease or reactive arthritis.

In women, the lack of competent therapy can lead to chronic genitourinary diseases (cystitis, pyelonephritis, vaginosis), inflammation of the ovaries and cervical appendages. Infertility is a serious consequence of the chronic form of ureaplasmosis in women. Due to prolonged inflammatory processes of the mucous tissues, the fallopian tubes and the inner walls of the uterus are damaged. This process can also lead to premature birth if the woman is pregnant. Infection of a future mother with ureaplasmosis can also adversely affect the development of the fetus.

Traditional medicine

ethnoscience also offers its own health recipes. So, to relieve itching and burning, traditional healers recommend douching with tinctures of oak bark, chamomile or calendula. To prepare such an infusion, 4 tablespoons are required. herbs (or mixtures of herbs) pour 1 liter of boiling water. Strain the cooled infusion and apply 2 times a day. It is possible to use infusion for washing the mucous membrane of the genital organs.

To restore the microflora, a decoction of goldenrod is perfect. For this, 2 tbsp. herbs pour 1/2 liter of boiling water and insist. You can use the infusion as a tea.

General tonic herbal immunostimulating collections based on echinacea and rose hips will help strengthen the immune system.

Preventive methods

Prevention of infection with ureaplasmosis comes down to personal hygiene, streamlining sexual life and undergoing regular examinations by a gynecologist and urologist.

Some doctors are of the opinion that it is almost impossible to cure ureaplasmosis, since after treatment some bacteria attach to the walls of the urinary organs and wait for suitable conditions for activation. Many gynecologists claim that when ureaplasma DNA is detected, if not clinical signs diseases, and pregnancy is not planned, then treatment is not necessary. However, do not forget that even in the presence of an asymptomatic disease, a person poses a threat to the rest of his family members. In addition, pathogenic microorganisms, by their activity, can complicate the treatment of other diseases and disrupt their symptoms.

Often, when undergoing examinations related to diseases or in preparation for pregnancy or surgery, pathogenic microorganisms are found in a person that he was not aware of. When Ureaplasma parvum is found in the analyzes, the question arises - what does this mean?

Ureaplasma parvum is one of the types of ureaplasmas, which are opportunistic bacteria. They are able to be asymptomatic in the human body, and live in the cells of the epithelium of the vaginal mucosa and urinary tract and also on the surface of spermatozoa.

The nutrient substrate for these microbes is urea, which is why they populate the genitourinary system. Currently, ureaplasmas (from Latin Urea - urea), belonging to the family of microplasmas (Mycoplasmataceae), are divided into 14 serotypes and 2 biovars that unite them - Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum.

Ureaplasma is capable of causing the disease ureaplasmosis associated with inflammation of the organs of the genitourinary system. Infection occurs mainly through sexual contact. The source of infection can be either a sick person or just a carrier of Ureaplasma parvum.

What is dangerous?

Ureaplasmosis affects women 2 times more often than men.

The causative agent can cause such female diseases:

• Inflammatory processes in the cervix - cervicitis, vaginal mucosa - colpitis, ovaries and appendages;
• predisposition to cancer;
• Pathology of the urination organs;
• Problems during pregnancy.

Expert opinion

Polyakova Lyudmila Igorevna - medical worker

Assistant obstetrician-gynecologist, mother of two children

The main danger of ureaplasma is the occurrence of infertility in women and men. Due to prolonged inflammatory processes in the mucous membranes, the fallopian tubes and the inner layer of the uterus are affected. In this case, a woman cannot become pregnant, and at conception, an abortion may occur.

Therefore, when planning a conception, be sure to take tests to detect common infections, including Ureaplasma parvum.

When is this analysis done?

An analysis for the detection of U. parvum DNA is prescribed in such cases:

• Preparation for pregnancy planning. Give both partners;
• With signs of ureaplasma infection;
• And also with inflammation of the organs of the genitourinary system;
• During pregnancy, to exclude possible pathologies;
• To evaluate the result after the treatment of this infection.

This analysis is not mandatory, it cannot be forced to do. However, if you care about your health and future baby, you should not give up research on U. parvum.

At this time, it is quite difficult to treat even ordinary acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory infections - most drugs cannot be used. And yet it is important to know the patient during pregnancy.

Sources of infection. Reasons for the development of the disease

Since the pathogens of ureaplasmosis live in the genitourinary system, infection mainly occurs during sexual contact.

Another common way this bacterium is transmitted is from an infected mother to her baby during the prenatal period and childbirth. The contact-household method of transmission of this microbe is extremely rare.

Ureaplasma may not manifest itself for quite a long time - up to several years.
The main protection for the development of the disease is the normal microflora. It functions as a physiological barrier.

Under certain circumstances (decreased immunity), Ureaplasma microorganisms, which are gram-negative bacteria, provoke an inflammatory process. There is ureaplasmosis.
This affects the pelvic organs and the genitourinary system. The occurrence of the disease contribute to:

• Violations of the microflora of the vagina;
• Inflammation of the prostate in men;
• The presence of other infections (chlamydia, gonorrhea, etc.);
• Immunodeficiencies of various etiologies.

Symptoms of the disease

The peculiarity of the course of the disease ureaplasmosis in women is that the symptoms of infection can be very mild or absent altogether. Symptoms of the disease can be:

• Frequent urination;
• Burning sensation in the process;
• Uncharacteristic discharge from the urethra and vagina;
• There are pulling pains in the lower abdomen with inflammation of the female organs caused by infection;
• Violations of the monthly cycle

Smearing bloody between menses.

• Purulent discharge from the vagina;
• Pain during sexual intercourse;
• Redness and swelling of the mucous membranes of the vagina.

In men, ureaplasmosis causes inflammation of the urethra, bladder, and prostate. This causes discharge from the urethra and pain when urinating. Ureaplasma causes disturbances in the composition of sperm and leads to male infertility.

Diagnostics

Diagnosing ureaplasmosis is not so easy. The detection of ureaplasma pravum microorganisms in a person does not yet indicate his disease. After all, these bacteria are opportunistic pathogens.

Therefore, to make a diagnosis of ureaplasmosis, it is necessary to evaluate not only the presence of microorganisms (it is present if the analysis for this infection is positive), but also their number (titer).

If the ureaplasma titer is quite high, the patient has external signs of the disease, then ureaplasmosis can be diagnosed.

The main methods for detecting ureaplasmosis include:

• Polymer chain reaction method (PRC);
• Determination of antibodies to ureaplasma;

Used to identify the causes of abortion;

• Bacteriological culture for ureaplasma;
• Direct immunofluorescence method.

Most often, the polymer chain reaction method is used to diagnose Ureaplasma. For analysis, a scraping is taken from the urethra or cervical canal from a woman. Runs quickly within a few hours. Has high accuracy.

However, the most accurate research method is bacterial culture on ureaplasma. It will show not only the presence of ureaplasmas, but also their number, which is important when making a diagnosis of ureaplasmosis, and will also help determine the sensitivity of microbes to an antibiotic. This will help you choose the right treatment. For such an analysis, the patient's biological fluid (urine, blood) is taken.

In addition to the detection of ureaplasmas, diagnostics are carried out to exclude other possible infections.

Treatment

If a woman has ureaplasma parvum DNA, but there are no clinical signs of the disease and she does not plan pregnancy, then treatment is not necessary.

In the presence of inflammatory processes, planning of conception, a high dash of the presence of ureaplasmas in the body, a course of therapeutic therapy is carried out.

Treatment is primarily aimed at eliminating the inflammation caused by the infection. It is better if the sensitivity of the bacteria to the antibiotic is determined during the diagnosis. This will help you choose the right drug.

The treatment regimen is selected individually for each specific case, taking into account all the features of the disease and the state of human health. Therefore, self-treatment is not appropriate here.

Apart from antibiotic therapy prescribe drugs for general strengthening of the body, raising immunity.

If after the course of treatment there are no results, and the inflammatory process continues, then additional tests are carried out to identify other pathogens.

If the treatment was successful, a second analysis for the presence of ureaplasmas should be carried out no earlier than 20 days after last day taking an antibiotic. Better in a month, because. traces of ureaplasmas persist for some time.

During pregnancy, symptoms of another unpleasant disease– . Whether it is necessary to treat it, read the following article.

In addition to research on ureplasma, a pregnant woman is often prescribed. Read what it is and how it can be dangerous.

Mode during treatment

When diagnosing ureaplasmosis to one of the partners, the second is also recommended to be examined and treated if necessary.

Despite the fact that this disease is not a venereal disease, During the course of treatment, the following rules should be observed:

• Eliminate sexual activity until recovery;
• Observe special hygiene of the external genital organs;
• Do not visit baths, saunas, swimming pools and other similar public places;
• Beware of hypothermia;
• Increase immunity: eat right, take vitamins, sunbathing.

A few more months to be observed by a doctor after a course of treatment.

Ureaplasma parvum during pregnancy

During pregnancy, a woman's immunity decreases and, if ureaplasmas are present in the body, ureaplasmosis may develop. This disease can lead to the following consequences:

• Pathology of fetal development;
• miscarriage;
• premature birth.

It is quite difficult to treat this disease during pregnancy. Most of medicines, especially antibiotics, during this period is contraindicated. So it's hard to pick effective drug without harming the unborn child.

Therefore, in case of spontaneous termination of pregnancy or its other pathologies, an examination for ureaplasma is recommended.

To prevent problems during pregnancy, when planning conception, it is necessary to pass a test for ureaplasma.

Possible consequences

Any violations in the body require timely diagnosis and treatment. In the absence of the necessary measures, the pathology that has arisen gives unpleasant complications.

Often the disease progresses to chronic form and constantly brings new problems. This makes the treatment much more difficult. All this also applies to ureaplasmosis.

The main hazards, as already identified, are:

Have you been tested for Ureplasma during pregnancy?

YesNot

• Infertility;
• Pathological conditions during pregnancy;
• miscarriages;
• Transmission of infection to a newborn baby;
• Inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system and their complications.

Therefore, do not underestimate this disease. It is necessary to take a responsible approach to the diagnosis and timely treatment of ureaplasmosis.

“Live healthy” - ureaplasmosis

Elena Malysheva's program dedicated to this infection:

The opinion of Dr. E.O. Komarovsky

The doctor believes that this diagnosis is among the "commercial" and in the vast majority of cases is a way to get money from the patient. More details in the next video.

Ureaplasma parvum (from Latin - ureaplasma parvum)- conditionally pathogenic microflora, which is the cause of the development of inflammatory processes. Parvo is a type of ureaplasma recognized as clinically important. Treatment is necessary in case of increased activity of microorganisms.

Ureaplasma parvum - conditionally pathogenic microorganisms

Ureaplasma parvum (ureaplasma parvum) - what is it?

Ureaplasma parvum or parvo is a group of conditionally pathogenic unicellular microorganisms that do not have cell walls and because of this develop inside human cells. Microbes live on the mucous membranes of the urinary tract and organs of the reproductive system. They are introduced into the cytoplasm (the internal environment of cells), destroying the protective shell - the membrane. The process can proceed in an acute or asymptomatic (latent) form.

- what does it mean? This term refers to a disease whose causative agent is exclusively ureaplasma. Pathology is not recognized by many doctors, and is also not listed in the ICD 9 and 10 versions. The thing is that the disease may not bother the carrier at all, that is, not manifest itself. Therefore, the danger factor of ureaplasmosis for human health is a big question.

Such a view as parvum was discovered in 2002. To date, this category has 4 serotypes (groups of microbes belonging to the same species): 3, 6, 1 and 14.

The term "ureaplasmosis" refers to all clinically important types of ureaplasma.

Methods of infection with ureaplasma parvum

Where does ureaplasma parvo come from? The main, most common mode of transmission is sexual intercourse. Ureaplasmosis is considered one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases.

The second way of infection is from mother to fetus. In the course of several studies, microbes that cause ureaplasmosis were found in 25-30% of newborn girls in the vagina. Also, bacteria were detected in the nasopharynx in some male and female babies.

Is the infection transmitted by household route? There is no exact answer to this question, but it is known that this mode of transmission is unlikely. There is a small chance of infection after going to a public toilet or swimming in a contaminated pool.

It should be borne in mind that microbes live on the mucous membranes: in rare cases - in the nasopharynx, more often - in the genital area. Accordingly, you can become infected not only during sexual intercourse, but also through a kiss.

Symptoms of the disease

Ureaplasma parvum rarely manifests itself immediately after ingestion. As a rule, ureaplasmosis is “activated” due to a fall in the immune system, an unstable hormonal or psycho-emotional background.

General symptoms of the disease:

• discharge (cloudy and mucous, sometimes with pus);
• drawing and cutting pains in the groin;
• brownish discharge (sometimes with blood clots);
• discomfort that manifests itself during the entire sexual intercourse;
• swelling and redness of the genitals, as well as the area around them;
• painful urination;
• leukorrhea (excessive discharge, regular feeling of moisture in the perineum).

Similar symptoms are characteristic of many sexually transmitted infections, as well as for inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system. Some signs of ureaplasmosis may either not appear at all, or relate to other pathologies.

In men and women, the symptoms of the disease manifest themselves differently. The fairer sex is more likely to suffer from pain and unhealthy discharge. Men, in turn, feel more pronounced discomfort during urination. At the same time, among the representatives of the stronger sex there are many cases of self-healing of the disease.

Diagnosis of ureaplasmosis

The detection of ureaplasmosis occurs through the delivery of two main tests. The second examination is necessary in order not only to detect the pathogenic environment, but also to establish its activity.

The following diagnostic methods are used to make a diagnosis:

1. Bakposev (bacterial culture). This type of laboratory research is the most informative. It allows you to determine the activity of the causative agent of the inflammatory process. The analysis requires urine and blood. Biological material is placed in a favorable environment for the reproduction of microbes. According to the results of the examination, the type pathogenic microorganisms, as well as their viability and health hazards.
2. PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Modern look diagnostics, involving the determination of the DNA of microbes. The analysis helps to determine the type of pathogen, regardless of the stage and course of the disease. Using PCR, it is possible to identify clinically important types of ureaplasma, in particular, parvum. The only disadvantage of this diagnostic method is that it cannot be used to determine the level of activity of pathogenic microorganisms.

Additional diagnostic methods:

• urinalysis (general);
• microscopic examination of microflora (scraping);
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs.

These procedures are necessary if the patient has specific complaints, such as burning in the genital area and unhealthy discharge. Additional diagnostics helps to identify diseases that have developed against the background of ureaplasma. Accordingly, it is not required for all patients.

The procedure for decoding analyzes will not take much time if you prepare for it in advance.

It is best to disassemble according to the following pattern:

1. Ureaplasma parvum (Ureaplasma parvum) (semicol.) DNA found. This line in the test results indicates that microbial DNA was found in the patient's body.
2. Specific DNA fragments were detected in a concentration (amount) of more/less than 10^4 copies in the sample. To decipher this line, it is not necessary to understand all the intricacies of medicine, it is enough just to know that an indicator of less than 10 ^ 4 is the norm (according to research by the Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor Russian Federation). That is why a positive result of research, which indicates the presence of microbes in the body, does not always indicate the need for treatment.

There are such concepts as titer and degree - with their help, the danger of ureaplasma is measured for each specific case. The norm is 10 ^ 4 and below, higher rates indicate the risk of developing various diseases against the background of ureaplasmosis.

Treatment of ureaplasma parvum

Treatment of ureaplasmosis should be comprehensive. Therapy necessarily includes antibiotics and immunomodulators. Also, patients are often prescribed eubiotics - drugs from this group are used both for the treatment and prevention of ureaplasma.

Traditional medicine in this case is practically useless. You can use various herbal teas and decoctions to boost immunity, but in their effect they cannot be compared with synthetic immunomodulators. Base treatment on folk remedies contraindicated.

Do I need to treat ureaplasmosis?

With a normal rate (10 ^ 4 and below), treatment is not required. The doctor may prescribe a therapy consisting of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (for example, Neurodiclovitis). This is due to the fact that even latent ureaplasmosis negatively affects the liver.

Assign antibacterial agents at a normal rate is dangerous. They can give the opposite effect, that is, increase the activity of ureaplasma. Hormones work in much the same way.

What to do if the indicator is normal, but the symptoms of ureaplasmosis still appear? This phenomenon often speaks of the development of other inflammatory diseases urinary system. Accordingly, it is necessary to undergo additional diagnostics and identify the pathology that causes ailments. Ureaplasma is far from always the root cause of the onset of diseases, and this must be taken into account.

You do not need to believe people who say that ureaplasmosis therapy is mandatory in any case. It is best to focus on the results of the tests, as well as consult with several doctors to get the most accurate and correct recommendations.

If the indicator is higher than normal, then treatment is necessary.

How to treat drugs

The therapy is aimed at achieving three goals: removing microbes from the body, raising immunity and normalizing microflora. The treatment regimen is selected on an individual basis. Antibiotics used for therapy must be sensitive to specific types of microorganisms.

Among other things, the nature of the disease plays a huge role. Treatment of chronic pathology can take several months. The disease in the acute stage is treated in 2-4 weeks (on average). Also, for the treatment of chronic ureaplasmosis, 2-3 types of antibiotics are required immediately.

What to treat? As mentioned earlier, drugs from 3 groups are used for therapy:

1. Antibiotics. The most commonly used antibacterial drugs from the macrolide group, for example, Azithromycin or Clarithromycin tablets. Tetracyclines (doxycycline capsules) are also used. Antibiotics from these groups are active against most pathogenic microorganisms. Fluoroquinolones belonging to the 2nd and 3rd generations (Ofloxacin) can also be used for treatment. When choosing drugs, you need to focus on their spectrum of action.
2. Immunomodulators. Preparations from this group are necessary to restore or improve the body's own resistance. Medicines such as Methyluracil (tablets and suppositories), Timalin (solution for injection) are used. The most popular medication is Ibuprofen.
3. Eubiotics (bioactive supplements). These medicines are necessary to restore and maintain beneficial microflora. This category includes drugs such as Bifidumbacterin (candles), Lactobacterin (mixture for injection). Eubiotics also destroy pathogenic microflora, but in their effect they are much inferior to antibiotics.

Rehabilitation therapy, which is often carried out after the main treatment, includes vitamin and mineral complexes, various dietary supplements and even antifungal drugs (for example, Fluconazole).

During therapy, you must follow a strict diet. It is mandatory to give up alcohol and various spices. It is necessary to limit the consumption of fried, fatty and overly salty foods. It is recommended to eat more fruits, dairy products and drink fresh natural juices.

It is also necessary to refrain from sexual intercourse throughout the treatment. This is necessary for the safety of the partner and for the successful treatment of the patient himself.

In some cases, normalization of the daily routine also helps. Such a measure is needed to strengthen the body, reduce stress and, as a result, accelerate therapy.

Is ureaplasma dangerous?

An increased level of ureaplasma is dangerous. When a disease is detected, regular tests should be taken to monitor the activity of microbes.

Consequences to which ureaplasmosis can lead:

• infertility;
• premature birth;
• inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system in men and women (the most common are cystitis and prostatitis);
• increased risk of catching other STIs.

In the course of research, a direct effect of ureaplasma on the kidneys and liver was established. The thing is that microbes synthesize a special enzyme in the cytoplasm - urease. It is able to break down urea to ammonia.

In pregnant women, the symptoms of ureaplasmosis appear more often, since in this condition women experience an unstable hormonal background and a sharp drop in the immune system. At the same time, ureaplasma poses a small danger to the newborn, because most often in children it is cured on its own.

Ureaplasma parvum or urealiticum - differences

Parvo and urealiticum are Ureaplasma species of clinical importance. That is, various diagnostic methods determine the presence or absence of microorganisms from these two groups in the body.

These ureaplasmas are similar in their negative effects: they destroy the structure of healthy cells, since they do not have their own "shell". That is, these microorganisms are similar in structure to each other.

There are 2 significant differences between them: prevalence and pathogenicity. Urealitikum is found in analyzes much more often, but parvo is more dangerous for human health.

In medicine, there is no special separation of 2 types of ureaplasma, because they have similar symptoms and lead to the development of the same pathologies. Moreover, the same drugs are used to treat urealiticum and parvum.

Prevention

Prevention of ureaplasmosis primarily includes a complete rejection of casual and unprotected sexual intercourse. Sexual intercourse in this case includes not only vaginal, but also oral sex. People who have already undergone ureaplasmosis should be especially careful about casual relationships.

Prevention also includes general recommendations:

• maintaining a healthy lifestyle (mainly quitting smoking and alcohol abuse);
• the use of funds to raise immunity and improve health;
• periodic delivery of gynecological tests;
• proper nutrition enriched with vitamins.

All this will help protect yourself not only from ureaplasmosis, but also from other diseases of the genitourinary system.