Symptoms and treatment of mumps in adults. Mumps (mumps disease): what is it, causes, symptoms, treatment and prevention in children and adults Do adults get sick with mumps

Ekaterina Morozova

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Mumps, or mumps, is a viral acute illness accompanied by inflammation of the salivary glands. The disease is common, mainly among children from five to fifteen years old, but there are cases when adults get sick.

Infectious disease mumps - how and why does mumps occur in children?

Mumps is one of the childhood diseases, and therefore, most often they suffer from babies aged three to seven years. Boys are twice as likely to get mumps as girls.
The causative agent of mumps is a virus of the paramycovirus family, which is related to influenza viruses. However, unlike influenza, it is less stable in the external environment. The transmission of mumps infection is carried out by airborne droplets. Basically, infection occurs after communication with the patient. There may be cases of mumps through dishes, toys or other objects.

The infection affects the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx, nose and oral cavity. Often there is a lesion of the parotid glands.

It is possible to detect the first signs of the disease after contact with the patient in about thirteen to nineteen days. The first sign is an increase in body temperature up to forty degrees. After a while, the ear area begins to swell, appear pain, pain when swallowing, increases the formation of saliva.

Due to the long incubation period mumps is dangerous. A child, communicating with children, infects them.

Mumps disease is most common during the weakening of the body and the lack of vitamins in it - in the spring and at the end of winter.

Signs and symptoms of mumps in children - a photo of what mumps looks like

The appearance of the first signs of the disease occurs after two to three weeks.

The symptoms of mumps are as follows:

• Feeling of general weakness, chills and malaise;
• The child loses his appetite, he becomes capricious and lethargic;
• There is a headache and muscle pain;
• The body temperature rises.

Inflammation of the salivary glands is the main symptom of mumps in children. First of all, this concerns the salivary parotid glands. Often they swell on both sides, the swelling even extends to the neck. As a result, the patient's face takes on a characteristic shape, becomes puffy. That is why the people call the disease mumps.

Some children may be difficult to tolerate the disease. The swelling of the parotid glands is accompanied by a parallel swelling of the sublingual and submandibular glands. Edema disturbs the child with its soreness. Children complain of pain when talking, eating, earache. In the absence of complications, the persistence of such symptoms lasts from seven to ten days.

Why mumps is dangerous for girls and boys - possible consequences of mumps disease

The consequences of epidemic parotitis can be deplorable. That is why, with any signs of the disease, it is very important to consult a doctor to prescribe the correct treatment.

Among the complications that mumps can lead to, the following are noted:

• Acute serous meningitis;
• Dangerous to health and life meningoencephalitis;
• Damage to the middle ear, which can subsequently cause deafness;
• Inflammation thyroid gland;
• CNS dysfunction (central nervous system);
• pancreatitis;
• Inflammation of the pancreas.

Especially dangerous mumps is considered for males. Moreover, the consequences are more dangerous than older age sick child. This is due to the fact that in about twenty percent of cases, parotitis can affect the spermatogenic epithelium of the testicles. This can lead to infertility in the future.

A complicated form of mumps disease leads to inflammation of the testicles. Pain is felt in the gonad. The testicle becomes enlarged, swells and turns red. Edema is usually observed first in one testicle, and then in the other.

Orchitis, in some cases, can result in atrophy (testicular function dies), which for the future man is the cause of subsequent infertility.

• There are no specific methods for getting rid of mumps. Everything is done to prevent the development of complications and alleviate the patient's condition. The boy, if possible, is placed in a separate room and provided with bed rest.
• To avoid the development of pancreatitis, the child needs to provide proper diet. When the disease proceeds without complications, mumps can be cured in a child in ten to twelve days.
• The disease is tolerated worse with age. If the disease with mumps in a boy was not accompanied by orchitis, you can not be afraid of infertility. Mumps is considered extremely dangerous when puberty occurs. To avoid a disease with serious consequences, it is necessary to be vaccinated for prevention at the age of one year and at six to seven years.

Not all childhood illnesses are harmless. Even a simple, at first glance, infection can cause many long-term consequences in a child. One of these infectious pathologies in boys is mumps.

What it is?

Mumps is an infectious disease. There are many names for this infection. Basically, they appeared many centuries ago in connection with the appearance of a sick baby characteristic symptoms illness. Also, this pathology is called "joker" or "mumps." Both boys and girls can get sick with this infectious disease. However, long-term consequences of the disease occur, as a rule, in boys.

The disease is viral in nature. The salivary glands are most often involved in the inflammatory process. Much less often, other anatomical structures are involved in the process. These include: ovaries and testicles, pancreas, prostate and others. The disease can occur in a mild form, as well as in a complicated form.

The prognosis of the disease is conditionally favorable, however, there may be long-term adverse effects of an infection transferred in childhood.

The disease is anthroponotic, that is, it is transmitted from a sick person to a healthy one. In some cases, the "carrier" of the disease can become the transmitter of the infection. This is a person who does not have any adverse symptoms of the disease, however, he can transmit the infection to healthy people. It should be noted that this type of infection is quite common.

Infection occurs mainly by airborne droplets. For infection, only a short contact with an infected person is enough. Together with the smallest components of saliva, viral particles quickly enter a healthy body.

Scientists argue that if the carrier of the infection does not clinical manifestations diseases, then infection is possible only at a distance of no more than 1.5 meters from it. Quite often, cases of infection are recorded in children playing in the sandbox or classmates.

There is also a contact-household method of transmission. It occurs in a much smaller number of cases. In this situation, infection occurs through furniture and household items. According to statistics, the contact-household method of infection occurs in children in crowded groups (kindergarten, school, sports clubs, various educational circles). It is believed that a sick person is contagious within a few hours from the moment the infectious agents enter his body.

Scientists believe that The sensitivity of the organism to this infectious pathology is quite high. According to statistics, it is 80-90%. Young children are most susceptible to infection. The most dangerous age is 3-5 years. Doctors note that with the help of vaccination, it was possible to significantly reduce the incidence in babies from 2 to 10 years. However, today there are more cases this disease in children after one year and adolescents.

Babies in the first months of life are practically not susceptible to mumps. This is due to the fact that they have a fairly high protective titer of antibodies that are obtained from the mother during breastfeeding. At an older age, the baby does not have such immune protection, which contributes to the fact that infection occurs quite easily. Adults in the absence of vaccination in childhood are also quite susceptible to this infection.

After suffering from parotitis, the child retains lifelong immunity. First, protective immunoglobulins of class M appear in the child's body, which remain in the blood for 30-60 days. By the end of the first month from the moment of infection, the baby accumulates class G immunoglobulins, which remain in the body for quite a long time, and in some cases for the rest of their lives.

How is it developing?

The development of the disease occurs as a result of the penetration into the body of paramyxoviruses, which belong to the RNA class. The peculiarity of these microorganisms is that they do not have antigenic variants. Scientists note interesting fact, what Monkeys and humans are most susceptible to infection with the mumps virus. In external adverse conditions, microorganisms can persist for a long time. They can only be neutralized with a 1% Lysol solution or a 2% formalin solution.

Pathogenic microorganisms enter the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity and oropharynx through contact with a sick person. Over time, the viruses spread throughout the body and enter the salivary glands. There they accumulate and multiply. Secondary viremia is also involved in the development of the disease - the spread of the virus through the bloodstream.

Together with the blood, a huge number of viral colonies can enter the pancreas, central nervous system, and reproductive organs.

The course of the disease can be different. This is largely due to the characteristics of viruses. In some babies, all the symptoms appear at the same time, in others - sequentially, gradually increasing. Quite often it happens that only the organs of the reproductive system are involved in the pathological process. It is quite common in boys testicular inflammation in mumps especially in teenagers. The danger of this condition is that as a result of infectious inflammation, necrosis (cell death) of the glandular tissue is triggered.

Symptoms

The first clinical signs of the disease do not appear immediately. The incubation period for mumps is usually 2-3 weeks. Usually at this time the child is not bothered by anything. Body temperature remains within normal limits, symptoms of intoxication are completely absent. It is almost impossible to suspect a disease during this period.

Doctors note cases when the duration of the incubation period was 8-10 days. The most common symptom of this disease is inflammation of the parotid glands. Usually it is accompanied by a sharp rise in body temperature. Its values ​​in most cases reach 38-39 degrees. In some babies, body temperature may rise gradually, but also reaches fairly high numbers.

Simultaneously with febrile condition, the child develops an intoxication syndrome. It is manifested by increased weakness, fatigue, decreased appetite and various sleep disorders. In school-age children, academic performance is noticeably reduced, because it is much more difficult for a child to concentrate on a particular subject. Babies refuse to breastfeed, eat poorly.

As the disease progresses, the child develops a variety of muscle and joint pain. It is also a consequence of severe infectious intoxication. child's body. Sick babies do not sleep well in the middle of the night: they often wake up at night, and during the day they may experience pathological drowsiness.

Usually inflammation of the salivary gland in the first days of the disease is one-sided. The second side is involved in the inflammatory process for 2-3 days from the onset of the disease. An external examination shows swelling in the region of the lower angle of the jaw. In some cases, this swelling extends to the ear.

So specific appearance child and served as an occasion for the philistine name of the disease "mumps".

Inflamed salivary glands interfere with chewing. While chewing solid food, the child noticeably increases the pain syndrome. Also, the baby is experiencing significant difficulties with swallowing. Looking at the child doctors identify several of the most painful points on palpation. They are localized in the area of ​​the earlobes, on the tops of the mastoid processes, as well as in the area of ​​the notch of the lower jaw. These marker points are named "Filatov points".

On days 4-5, the sublingual and submandibular glands are also involved in the inflammatory process. The defeat of these glandular organs practically does not occur at the very beginning of the disease, but occurs only after a few days. Inflammation of only the sublingual salivary gland with the development of sublinguitis is quite rare. This pathological symptom can be seen when examining the oral cavity. In the sublingual region, a pronounced swelling and redness is noticeable.

Usually glandular organs are inflamed during the first week of the disease. Completely inflammatory process in them is completed by the end of 21-27 days from the onset of the disease. This course of the disease is characterized by alternating periods of high and subnormal body temperature. The protracted form of the disease is unfavorable for the development of complications.

Another favorite localization of viruses is the reproductive organs (testicles, ovaries, mammary glands, prostate gland). Usually, the defeat of these organs most often occurs in adolescence. According to statistics, complications of parotitis occur in 25% of cases. The most common of these is orchitis. This pathological condition is characterized by persistent disorders in the testicles, ultimately leading to the development of male infertility.

The course of orchitis is quite severe. The child's body temperature rises. Quite often, its values ​​\u200b\u200breach febrile numbers. At the height of the fever, the baby feels a pronounced chill, severe weakness. The testicles involved in the inflammatory process swell, increase in size, and a strong pain syndrome appears in the intimate area. When examining the skin of the scrotum, numerous blood vessels and veins are seen, which begin to protrude strongly and become visible for imaging.

Usually the process is one-sided. However, there are also bilateral clinical variants of the disease. Usually swelling in the scrotum lasts about a week, and then begins to gradually pass. A couple of months after the acute period of the disease, the child develops testicular atrophy. They are significantly reduced in size, which can be determined by palpation.

There are also other, quite rare forms of the disease. One of these clinical variants of the disease is thyroiditis. It is characterized by the development of infectious inflammation of the thyroid gland. With dacryocystitis (inflammatory pathology of the lacrimal glands), the child develops severe lacrimation, soreness in the eyes, and swelling in the eyelids.

One of the rather rare forms of the disease is infectious meningitis and meningoencephalitis.

Usually these conditions are recorded in babies on the 7-10th day from the onset of the disease. Mumps meningitis is quite severe and requires intensive treatment. To establish such a diagnosis, a lumbar puncture is required. Usually, all adverse symptoms of mumps meningitis against the background of ongoing treatment disappear after 2-3 weeks.

Possible Complications

The mild course of the disease has a very favorable prognosis. In this case, the disease completely disappears in a few weeks, resulting in the formation of a stable lifelong immunity. In some cases, this infectious pathology can be very dangerous. This usually occurs with a complicated course of the disease, as well as when the organs of the reproductive system join the inflammatory process.

Persistent orchitis can lead to testicular dysfunction. This contributes to the fact that in the future a man who had a complicated orchitis in childhood cannot have children.

Male infertility usually occurs in 20-25% of all cases of the disease. Returning fertility to a man is quite difficult, since sperm production is significantly impaired.

Another fairly common complication of parotitis is pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas tissue). Unfavorable symptoms of the disease pathological condition appear, as a rule, for 5-7 days from the moment of infection. Mumps pancreatitis is characterized by the appearance of severe pain in the epigastric region and the left hypochondrium, severe nausea and loss of appetite, as well as pathological tension in the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall. This condition has a very unfavorable prognosis, as it often becomes chronic.

Among the complications of this disease, the following pathologies also occur: hearing damage, mumps arthritis, meningitis and meningoencephalitis, primary myocardial fibroelastosis, prostatitis, ophoritis, myocarditis, thrombocytopenic purpura and other systemic diseases. The treatment of these conditions is long-term. Usually, to formulate therapy tactics, one has to resort to a combination of various medicines and supportive treatment methods.

Treatment

Treat a baby with mumps should be at home. For kids attending kindergarten, a forced measure is applied to prevent new cases of the disease - quarantine is introduced. Specific therapy for parotitis has not been developed. Treatment comes down to prescription complex therapy aimed at eliminating the adverse symptoms of the disease. To prevent complications, it is very important to observe bed rest for 10-12 days.

To treat mumps orchitis, doctors use various hormonal preparations . Usually they are appointed for 7-10 days. The choice of the drug and its course dosage is carried out by the pediatrician. The use of glucocorticosteroids is also indicated for the treatment of mumps meningitis and meningoencephalitis. Rational combinations medicines allow to achieve positive results and reduce the possible long-term consequences of the disease in later life.

For more information about mumps, see the following video.

Mumps (mumps) is an acute viral disease caused by paramyxovirus. The source of the spread of the virus is an infected person.

A healthy patient can infect as early as 12 days after the infection enters the body. Most often, mumps is transmitted by airborne droplets, but it can also be through household items.

Mumps has a variety of causes. Salivary gland infections are usually the result of an obstruction such as salivary duct stones or poor oral hygiene. Drugs that cause dry mouth, such as some antihistamines, can increase your risk of developing mumps, as can cancer treatments such as radiation therapy.

A number of factors increase the risk of developing mumps. Not all people with risk factors will get mumps. Risk factors that make mumps more likely to affect:

• close contact with a person infected with mumps;
• cystic fibrosis;
• dehydration;
• HIV AIDS;
• medicines and preparations (anticholinergics, antihistamines, antipsychotics);
• lack of MMR vaccination;
• poor oral hygiene;
• Sjögren's syndrome and others.

Mumps often develops against the background of a lack of vitamins and a weakened immune system in early spring or late winter.

Symptoms and signs

The pig shows external and internal signs. Symptoms of mumps in adults are almost impossible to miss. The most common symptoms of mumps involve the throat and neck and include:

• unpleasant taste in the mouth;
• swelling caused by inflammation of the salivary glands;
• difficulty opening the mouth;
• dry mouth;
• pain in the face;
• fever;
• flu-malaise;
• pain, especially when swallowing and chewing;
• redness on the face or upper neck;
• sore throat;
• swelling in the jaw area (temporomandibular region).

Signs of a serious condition

In some cases, mumps can be a serious condition that needs to be evaluated immediately in an emergency setting. Serious symptoms of mumps in adults:

• labored breathing;
• difficulty swallowing;
• heat(above 39 degrees).

Mumps disease in children - symptoms

The symptoms of mumps in children are not much different from those in adults. Mumps in children can have the following symptoms:

• high body temperature - about forty degrees;
• inflammation of the salivary parotid glands;
• swelling extends to the neck;
• swelling of the face;
• malaise;
• loss of appetite;
• the child is often naughty for no reason;
• headache.

Features in boys and girls

Mumps in boys can cause orchitis, which is when a virus infects the testicles. This can eventually lead to infertility. Signs of this phenomenon against the background of the symptoms described above:

• redness of the testicles;
• swelling of the testicles;
• prostatitis.

Mumps in girls can also affect the reproductive system causing oophritis - inflammation of the ovaries. Signs of this problem, in addition to the symptoms described above, may include:

• abdominal pain;
• nausea;
• yellow discharge from the vagina.

Diagnostics

Mumps should be diagnosed by an experienced doctor when the first signs of the disease appear. The complexity of diagnosis lies in the fact that mumps disease is often similar in symptoms to such diseases:

• meningitis;
• diphtheria;
• autoimmune diseases;
• leukemia;
• sarcoidosis;
• lymphadenitis;
• various inflammatory diseases.

Diagnosis is based on physical examination, symptoms and various analyzes. The following tests may be performed:

• PCR diagnostics of mumps 0 is the most traditional diagnostic procedure.
• Analysis of biological material (saliva, urine) for the presence of the virus. Such an analysis, despite its accuracy, is not cheap and takes a long time.
• ELISA - may not be accurate as reactions are similar to some other viruses.
• Analysis of diastase and amylase in blood and urine.

Treatment Methods

Except for severe cases, mumps is treated at home. Antibiotic therapy is the mainstay of treatment for mumps caused by a bacterial infection. Also, if a secondary infection occurs in the mouth due to dysfunctional salivary glands, antibiotics may be given.

Such an infection is diagnosed by fever or the presence of pus in the mouth. If complications occur, such as an abscess, surgical drainage or aspiration may be required.

• brush your teeth frequently throughout the day and practice good oral hygiene;
• drinking fluids;
• eating soft foods;
• rinsing your mouth with warm salt water;
• abstinence from smoking or other form of tobacco use.

Bed rest must be observed. UHF radiation is used to relieve inflammation.

Consequences and complications

You can minimize the risk of serious complications by following a treatment plan developed by your doctor. Complications of parotitis:

• salivary gland abscess;
• meningitis;
• pancreatitis;
• infertility;
• facial paralysis;
• chronic pain or discomfort;
• infection of other organs;
• the spread of a bacterial infection;
• side effects of parotitis treatment.

Treatment of mumps should be immediate, as an infectious disease can be transmitted by airborne droplets and household.

The consequences of mumps in men and women

It should be noted that in addition to the above complications and problems, one of the possible unpleasant consequences of mumps in men is infertility, as in women.

Infertility occurs due to infection of the testicles in men and the ovaries in women. For this reason, prompt medical attention will help minimize possible consequences pigs.

Mumps disease and its types

The parotid glands are small exocrine glands that rarely draw attention to themselves. Dry mouth, drooling, swelling and pain are, in fact, the only symptoms caused by dysfunction of the salivary glands. The main ones and their ducts are located on both sides of the occlusal planes of the teeth for irrigation and saturation with saliva during chewing. They also come into contact with the lower jaw and muscles that stimulate the gland during chewing. Mechanical contraction and the parasympathetic nervous system, which analyzes a range of sensory inputs, cause the glands to deliver the appropriate amount and quality of saliva into the oral cavity.

Mumps is the name given to the inflammation and infection of the largest salivary gland, known as the parotid gland. This is mumps disease. The inflammatory process leads to tissue swelling, redness and soreness. The glands are responsible for the production of saliva in the mouth, which has an important function in cleansing the mouth. Inflammation of these organs reduces their ability to function properly and can lead to infections in the mouth.

Mumps can be caused by many things, including infection, drugs, radiation, and various diseases. Mumps was once the most common viral cause of mumps, but vaccination has made the disease rare today. Mumps caused by a bacterial infection is somewhat common in the United States.

Parotitis comes in many forms, and symptoms range from mild to prostrative. Reading numerous journal articles reveals frequent contradictions in the classification, etiology, and treatment of disorders.

A bacterial infection in mumps results from the accumulation and growth of bacteria in the salivary glands. Among the most common causes of the disease is obstruction of the salivary canal or poor oral hygiene. Drugs that cause dry mouth and other substances, such as some antihistamines, can increase the risk of mumps. Also, cancer treatment, radiation therapy can be one of the reasons for the development of the disease.

The signs and symptoms of mumps can vary among individuals. Some people with this condition may not realize they have the disease, while others may have severe swelling and pain. Fortunately, parotitis can be successfully treated with medication. You can reduce your risk of developing the disease by practicing good oral hygiene, drinking plenty of fluids, washing your hands, and getting the MMR vaccine to prevent epidemic disease.

Contact immediately medical care(call 911) for severe symptoms: high fever (above 39 degrees) and difficulty breathing or swallowing.

Seek prompt help if you are being treated for mumps but mild symptoms recur or persist.

The disease can vary in intensity in individuals.

Acute bacterial form

Acute bacterial mumps is now rare, but its historical significance and accidental occurrence today requires a deep knowledge of the otolaryngologist. Mumps and bacterial mumps were differentiated in 1800, but neither was effectively cured. The mortality rate for the disease was 80%. Before antibiotics and intravenous administration liquids were available, bacterial parotitis occurred in patients after surgery or other seriously ill patients who became dehydrated and contributed to their death.

In the early 20th century, surgeons were hesitant to open abscesses and often resorted to ineffective conservative measures until the process was irreversible. They feared the consequences of an unsightly scar and facial paralysis. Inflammatory swelling of the gland can present a serious diagnostic problem.

Parotitis in newborns

This rare form of mumps is fatal without treatment. In January 2004, Spiegel et al. Reviewed the literature and stated that only 32 cases had been reported in journals over the previous three decades. A typical clinical picture was a sick premature baby with a unilateral tumor of the parotid gland and inflammation. Seventy-five percent of the cases were in boys. Glus is expressed in the canal of cultured Sureus in more than half of the cases. Most cultured bacteria were from organisms present in the oral cavity, indicating an ascending infection from the mouth.

Mumps disease in children usually requires this treatment - rapid administration of gentamicin and anti-staphylococcal antibiotics plus adequate hydration with a cure rate of about 80% of cases. Failure to improve after 2448 hours of treatment requires surgery. Repetition is rare. Acute bacterial mumps in children from one year of age to adolescence is extremely rare, and only a few of them have reported it. Mumps disease has the same symptoms in children and adults.

Chronic bacterial

Chronic bacterial mumps may exist in the presence of calculi or canal stenosis secondary to trauma. A number of articles and book chapters describe the infection as a consequence of the acute form of the disease, but the evidence is sparse.

Most authors have suggested that decreased salivary flow is the common denominator, but this may be due to inflammation as well. In many cases, the chronic disease is either autoimmune or of unknown etiology with bacterial infections present.

Viral or mumps

Mumps is one of the classic childhood infections, spreading directly from oropharyngeal secretions that contain paramyxovirus. Universal immunization, which began in 1977, has reduced clinical disease in developed countries. A child should receive the first measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine at one year of age and the second at age 46.

Episodic outbreaks of mumps have been observed, mostly in adolescents or patients in their 20s who did not receive a second vaccine. Before vaccination was available, exposure was nearly universal, and clinical illness caused 60-70% of those who were exposed to become ill.

Mumps disease was characterized by greatly enlarged and moderately inflamed parotid glands. The attacks caused pain in the gland and ear. Mumps was a benign disease in the vast majority of cases, but was sometimes complicated by meningoencephalitis, pancreatitis, orchitis, or deafness, especially in young adults.

Treatment was and is symptomatic and supportive.

For HIV and AIDS

Generalized lymphadenopathy has long been associated with HIV, but localized parotid enlargement is less well known. HIV mumps is much more common in children than in adults. A characteristic feature is a hard and chronically enlarged gland (unilateral or bilateral). Lymphoepithelial cysts are less common in children than in adults. Xerostomia with reduced saliva velocity occurs usually in the latter, but is rare in the child.

Infiltration of CD8-positive lymphocytes, possibly as a result of HIV, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or an interaction between the 2, enlarges the glands. Diagnosis of HIV infection is usually clinical with typical findings. Other forms of chronic parotitis in children are rare.

The picture is not typical for an acute bacterial infection. There is no specific treatment for this mumps, and it is not usually required. Some evidence suggests that parotid involvement is a good prognostic sign.

The name lymphoepithelial lesion is often applied to HIV mumps and adds confusion to many names of inflammatory diseases of the parotid gland. A group at the State University of New York presented a series of 50 patients with HIV and a mass in the tail of the parotid gland. Most of the patients were prisoners and drug users. Parotidectomy was performed in 35 patients, in patients earlier in the lateral lobectomy group and later in patients undergoing local removal of the involved tissue.

Prevention

Mumps vaccination is the best preventive measure. Vaccination is done at one year and at six years. Vaccination eliminates the disease and the dangerous consequences associated with it. The vaccine is considered safe even for allergy sufferers.

If there is a patient in the house, then so that the mumps disease does not spread to the rest of the household, the doctor prescribes antiviral drugs.

Video

Usually suffer from parotitis from 3 to 9-10 years. This is the time when the baby first encounters aggressive harmful microorganisms from the outside. "Contact" with someone first occurs in kindergarten, someone has primary school. If a child managed to avoid infection in primary school age, he can get mumps during puberty.

Citizens who have not been ill in their youth and have not been vaccinated against mumps pick up the virus from their young children. Yes, adults get it too. Parotitis is dangerous for its consequences: infertility, diabetes, meningitis, etc. For this reason, it is important to know how mumps is transmitted and whether there is a risk of contracting it a second time.

Mumps is contagious or not: the opinion of doctors

Any first-year medical student knows: parotitis is highly contagious. viral infection. From one person to another, it is transmitted literally by one sneeze. And no, you don't have to sneeze. You can simply be near the patient, talk with him or just "breathe the same air."

The mumps virus belongs to the same group pathogenic microorganisms as the causative agents of measles, rubella and some other diseases. He is extremely flighty. Being in the microparticles of the saliva of a sick person, it instantly finds a new victim and settles on its mucous membrane. The virus usually enters the mouth or nose. They communicate with the nasopharynx and salivary ducts of a person, and from there it is a stone's throw to the salivary glands, the "favorite home" of the mumps virus.

In the parotid and submandibular glands, the virus lives for 5-7 days. The patient's immunity suppresses the infection - the disease is on the decline. Otherwise, the virus spreads through the cells of the nervous system, pancreas, lining of the brain and other organs. This can lead to very undesirable and dangerous consequences.

How can you get swine

In view of the special danger of the disease, everyone - especially parents - needs to know that mumps is transmitted through:

• the flow of air exhaled by an infected person;
• dishes, toothbrushes, personal items with particles of the patient's saliva;
• direct contact (kissing).

Mumps can be infected by being in the same room with a sick child. When a person sneezes or coughs, the flow of air spreads the molecules of his saliva throughout the room instantly. And since mumps is extremely contagious to others, there can be many “victims” of one sneeze.

The first signs of the disease

The incubation period for mumps lasts 12-21 days. Everyone is different. At this time, there are no signs of the disease yet, so an infected person probably continues to infect others. Parotitis becomes contagious in this particular patient in 5-7 days after the manifestation (appearance of the first signs) of the disease. That is, the child may already be sick and contagious, but he is still being taken to kindergarten.

Once the incubation period is over, the immune system begins to produce antibodies and try to force the virus out of the occupied territory. This struggle, imperceptible to others, is manifested by the following symptoms:

• weakness in the whole body;
• a sharp rise in temperature to 38-40 degrees;
• big painfuledema under the jaw on one side of the face;
• puffiness of the cheeks;
• redness of the throat;
• increased salivation;
• sometimes thirst and digestive disorders;
• in rare cases - stomatitis (painful rashes on the oral mucosa).

The patient must be provided with bed rest, warm compresses on the inflamed neck area, gargling with a weak solution of soda (0.5 teaspoon per glass of warm water). All food for a sick child should be prepared in a liquid or puree form. From the menu, completely exclude fatty, spicy, fried and allergen-containing foods (pork, citrus fruits, strawberries, chocolate, etc.).

How many times do you get sick with mumps in your life?

Get sick with mumps usually only 1 time in life, in childhood. During the period of illness (it can last 7-10 days), the child develops lifelong immunity. Antibodies reliably protect the body from re-penetration of this infection. But in some cases it cannot be avoided. People with severely weakened, almost “killed” immunity can get sick with mumps for the second time. This happens when:

• oncological diseases;
• tuberculosis;
• blood diseases.

Patients with the listed ailments are not able to resist almost no infections. The question of whether mumps is contagious for these people, if they have already suffered it once, can only be answered in the affirmative.

How not to get swine

If everything is in order with immunity and the adult suffered mumps in childhood, in defense he doesn't need. Parents during illness of children can calmly look after them and not be afraid of danger. A mask or other protective equipment is not required. If there is no immunity to mumps, you should immediately get vaccinated.

Vaccination is allowed to be carried out in the first two days after contact with an infected child. Most likely, it will not be possible to avoid the disease, but it will pass much easier. The mumps vaccine is the primary defense against this disease. There is no cure for it. Antimicrobials have no effect on the mumps virus.

Immunization is carried out in childhood (1 and 6 years). There are monovaccines against mumps and complex preparations containing attenuated viruses of three childhood infections: measles, rubella and mumps itself. Doctors recommend the second option. It is not so burdensome for the child, and the injection will only have to be done once.

In addition to artificial immunization, it is necessary to take measures to strengthen one's own immunity. Hardening, a healthy lifestyle, regular medical examinations will help keep him in good shape. Make sure that there is no chronic infection in the body that can undermine the immune system. If the vaccination is passed and everything is in order with health, you can not be afraid of the pigs.

Mumps belongs to a group of infectious diseases that can cause numerous complications. Most often, children are susceptible to the disease, but there is a possibility of infection in adults.

Symptoms of parotitis do not appear immediately: during the incubation period, a person may not notice any changes. Particular susceptibility to the disease is observed in those who have not undergone routine vaccination.

The main cause of the disease is paramyxovirus. Entry into the body occurs through the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, so mumps can be transmitted from an infected person during conversation, coughing, sneezing or close contact through saliva. You can also become infected through household items, provided that the saliva of an infected person has got on them.

Predisposing factors that contribute to infection include:

• Weakening of the protective properties of the body.
• seasonality of the disease. Cases of infection are recorded throughout the year, but in autumn-winter period the number of infected increases significantly.
• High population density.
• Refusal to carry out routine vaccination.
• Failure to comply with the sanitary regime, which leads to the active spread of infection.

When it enters the mucous membranes, the virus begins to actively accumulate, after which it enters the blood channel.

In the future, pathogenic microorganisms begin to be distributed throughout all organs. The glandular organs are an ideal breeding ground for the bacteria of this virus, which is why they are affected. After the illness, the immune system is able to produce antibodies that prevent re-infection: resistance to mumps is formed for life.

Features of mumps

With this form of the disease, the prevalence of cases of gland damage on only one side is noted. The disease is accompanied by the appearance of pronounced edema in the ear and chin. A severe degree develops with the formation of pus in rare cases.

Mumps is a disease (symptoms in adults will be described below) that has fairly simple transmission routes.(airborne and contact), therefore outbreaks of epidemics are characteristic of this type of disease. The duration of the latent period is from 11 to 23 days, therefore, in the absence of any symptoms, a person can be a carrier of the disease.

The onset of the disease is characterized by an acute onset of symptoms that begin to develop actively from the very beginning of the disease.

The disease can affect not only the glands located in the ear area, but also those located in the jaw area. Parotitis can spread to the genital and mammary glands, pancreas. The disease is dangerous for the development of complications that can lead to the appearance of diseases such as nephritis, meningitis, myocarditis, pancreatitis.

Non-epidemic mumps

The non-epidemic form of the disease occurs much less frequently than the epidemic form. The main cause of the onset of the disease is a blockage of the duct intended for the removal of saliva, the ingress of foreign objects that preceded the disease of injury.

Infection in the human body could occur at the time of surgery or in the postoperative period, as well as against the background of infectious diseases.

There are 3 main forms of non-epidemic mumps:

• Catarrhal.
• Purulent.
• Gangrenous.

With a purulent form, intense pulsating-tearing pains occur. This is due to the accumulation of a large number of purulent masses, which are formed from the decay of glandular tissue. As the disease progresses, a fistula may form in the external auditory canal, which will grow into the peripharyngeal space.

This can cause the formation of peripharyngeal phlegmon. With a favorable course of the disease, after 12-15 days, improvements and a gradual extinction of the inflammatory process will be noticeable: the infiltrate will decrease in size, after which it will completely disappear.

The gangrenous form is characterized by the development of extensive necrosis of the affected tissue, which can cause sepsis, phlebitis, and thrombosis. The disease is accompanied by the manifestation of bright local symptoms and a significant increase in body temperature.

The inflammatory process can be sluggish, the rejection of the affected necrotic areas of the gland occurs slowly and for a long time. With a prolonged course of the disease, a fatal outcome is possible.

Preventive measures to prevent the onset of the disease include good oral hygiene and the timely use of salivary and disinfectants in case of xerostomia (insufficient salivation).

The first signs and symptoms of mumps in adults

After the virus enters the body, the symptoms of the disease will not appear immediately, and during the latent period, the infected person will not feel any changes in the state of health. Symptoms appear in the acute phase immediately after the end of the latent period.

Signs of the development of the disease are:

• A sharp increase in temperature to high rates (about 40 ° C). The temperature will not drop during the first week of the acute phase.
• Pronounced symptoms of intoxication, which are expressed in general malaise, severe headaches, lack of appetite, impaired stool.
• Lack of saliva in the oral cavity due to a sharp decrease in salivation.
• When opening the mouth, chewing food and swallowing, pain will increase significantly.
• Pain in the ear region, the intensity of which increases at the moment of jaw movement.

Mumps is a disease (symptoms in adults may have an individual character), the most striking sign of which is the formation of tumor-like edema of a specific nature in the area of ​​​​the auricles, which makes it possible not to confuse the disease with others.

With the epidemic type of parotitis, the development of the inflammatory process of the parotid salivary gland is observed, the consequence of which is the occurrence of swelling.

The affected tissues swell, resulting in swelling in the inflamed areas. Inflamed areas will not have a clearly defined shape, on palpation you can feel that they have remained soft. The most acute period ends by the 7th day of the course of the disease, after which the inflammatory processes gradually begin to fade.

Painful sensations will be especially acute when touching the affected areas, intense muscle and joint pains of a aching nature may appear.

In adults, mumps has a more acute form of the disease than in children. All symptoms of the disease, including signs of intoxication, will appear more clearly. The intensity of the development of the pathological process will determine the degree of likelihood of complications: pathological lesions of the central nervous system, pancreas are possible.

How is the diagnosis carried out

Diagnosis of the disease is carried out not only by the presence of characteristic symptoms, since the appearance of edema and swelling can also be observed with other infections. The most accurate way to diagnose mumps is an enzyme immunoassay performed in the laboratory.

This examination is aimed at identifying formed antibodies to the disease, which can be determined by assessing the state of immunity. Laboratory studies are aimed at determining the level of protein particles in the blood. Under the influence of pathogenic microorganisms, these proteins begin to be actively produced, saturating the blood with affected particles.

Antibodies of the IgM type are detected in 70% of cases on the second day of the development of the disease. With the further course of the disease, the presence of antibodies is confirmed in most cases. When conducting tests, there are cases of the absence of antibodies, which indicates a previous vaccination. This phenomenon is accompanied by a pronounced increase in the level of IgG antibodies.

The laboratory in which the examination will be carried out has its own established norms. After receiving the results of the analyzes, you can compare these norms in a special form. A negative result is considered to be the level of antibodies below the threshold value, and with an increased content, the result is positive.

Analyzes in the laboratory will be taken in the morning, on an empty stomach. The day before, it is not recommended to eat fatty foods.

Treatment of the disease with drugs: names of drugs, dosage regimen

Treatment of mumps in adults does not involve the use of specific drugs aimed at treating the disease. General medical therapy is limited to relieving symptoms. To eliminate the manifestations of the disease, it is not recommended to carry out therapeutic measures on your own.

Among the drugs, the doctor, after examining and diagnosing the disease, may recommend the following groups of drugs for use.

They are provided in the table:

Treatment in accordance with the recommendations of the doctor should be started immediately after confirmation of the alleged diagnosis. The dosage and regimen of taking medications will depend on the intensity of the development of the disease and the complexity of the form.

The likelihood of a relatively mild course of the disease increases with a quick response at the time of the onset of the first symptoms. Severe forms of mumps, which can cause complications, are most common in the unvaccinated population.

It should be remembered that along with drug treatment, the patient should be provided with bed rest, give a large amount of warm drink, and provide thorough hygienic care for oral cavity as a preventive measure to prevent the development of stomatitis.

Recipes of folk remedies

The use of alternative medicine should be based on compliance with the recommendations of the attending physician.

• Fatty meats and fish.
• Spicy, fried, too salty food.
• Smoked products.
• Fatty dairy products.
• Bakery products.
• Citrus juices and sour drinks.
• Alcohol, coffee.

Mumps is a disease (symptoms in adults are often expressed in an acute form), which involves the mandatory intake of medications. At home, with the permission of the attending physician, you can use the means, the effect of which is time-tested.

They are:

• 100 gr. flax seeds are poured with boiling water (100 ml). The composition should be cooked over low heat until a thick slurry is formed. After it cools down, 1 tbsp is added to the brewed porridge. natural honey. To store the composition, use glassware that can be tightly closed with a lid. The resulting mixture can be used as small compresses to be applied to swellings.
• During illness, you should carefully monitor the cleanliness of the oral cavity. For rinsing, you can use a decoction of the pharmacy herb sage. After brewing and straining the chopped herb, rinsing can be done several times a day.
• Brewed rose hips in the form of fresh compote should be drunk as a means to increase immunity.
• For rinsing the mouth and throat, you can use a decoction of chamomile, pre-brewed and filtered.

All non-traditional events are not an indication for cancellation drug treatment. They can be used as an aid. Before using any of the methods, be sure to notify your doctor about your intentions.

How long is the incubation period?

Mumps is a disease whose symptoms in adults have been described earlier, characterized by a long incubation period. On average, the latent period after infection lasts from 11 to 23 days. In some cases, 1-2 days before the start of a typical clinical picture development of prodromal phenomena can be observed.

In this case, a person will feel a slight fever, chills, pain in the muscles and joints, discomfort in the area of ​​the salivary glands. The acute form of the disease begins with a pronounced manifestation of symptoms. In 15% of adults, there are cases with a short latent incubation period, which is no more than 1 day from the moment the virus enters the body.

Possible complications and consequences of parotitis

In most cases, the disease is not dangerous. With timely diagnosis and treatment, the development of complications is significantly reduced.

However acute form diseases can lead to adverse consequences:

• According to statistical studies, there are 5 cases per 1000 people in which the infection has affected the brain tissue. Almost all cases of this complication had a favorable outcome, and the persistence of symptoms of a neurological condition was rarely observed.
• Inflammation of the pancreas occurs in 5% of people with mumps.
• Inflammation of the testicles in men is observed in 20-50% of cases. The process of damage to male organs in rare cases causes the inability to have children. Orchitis develops on days 5-7 and causes a new acute wave of the development of the disease. A new wave of fever is accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen, the testicle may increase to the size of a goose egg.
• For women, ovarian damage can occur in 5% of cases, which ends with a complete recovery with the right approach to the treatment of mumps.

Symptoms that can be suspected aggressive development of the disease:

• Headaches of unbearable intensity.
• Violation of the functions of the organs of vision.
• Profuse vomiting that cannot be stopped on its own.
• Pain in the abdomen, which can not be eliminated with the help of medicines.
• Cramping or numbness of a part of the body.
• Sensation of sharp pains in the scrotum or in the area of ​​​​the ovaries.
• Loss of consciousness.

If a pregnant woman becomes infected with parotitis, complications can occur in the first trimester: the risk of miscarriage or missed pregnancy increases significantly. At a later date, the disease is not dangerous and does not contribute to the occurrence of various birth defects.

To possible complications that arose due to the transferred disease, include:

• Infertility. A particular risk of this kind of complications occurs in people who have not been vaccinated according to routine vaccination and do not have developed immunity against this disease.
• Hearing loss, which can develop as a result of damage to the auditory nerve. In advanced cases, the situation is an irreversible process.
• Sensory disturbance caused by damage to brain tissue, and expressed in paresis or partial paralysis.
• Dry eye syndrome with the spread of inflammation to the lacrimal glands. Violation of the nutrition process of the mucous membrane of the eye leads to the appearance of pain.
• Diabetes, which was the result acute inflammation pancreas. As a result of tissue damage, the risk of irreversible disturbances in the processes of insulin formation increases.
• Mastitis, the occurrence of which can provoke a second wave acute symptoms in the form of fever and pain in the chest area.
• Myocarditis.

Preventive measures, especially during an outbreak of an epidemic, will not help protect the body from infection with mumps. The disease will be easier to tolerate with a well-formed immunity. To do this, it is recommended to lead an active lifestyle, adhere to a balanced diet, eat vegetables and fruits.

When the first symptoms appear in adults, it is recommended to immediately seek help from a doctor and follow the doctor's recommendations, which should be formed after diagnosing and confirming the disease.

Article formatting: Lozinsky Oleg

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