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Vitamin pp in injections. Instructions for use and all the details about nicotinic acid

pharmachologic effect

Vitamin and lipid-lowering agent. In the body, nicotinic acid is converted into nicotinamide, which binds to coenzymes of codehydrogenase I and II (NAD and NADP) that carry hydrogen, participates in the metabolism of fats, proteins, amino acids, purines, tissue respiration, glycogenolysis, and synthetic processes. Compensates for the deficiency of PP (vitamin B 3), is a specific anti-pellagric agent (avitaminosis of vitamin PP). Normalizes the concentration of blood lipoproteins; in high doses (orally 3-4 g / day) reduces the concentration of total cholesterol, LDL, TG, reduces the cholesterol / phospholipids index, increases the content of HDL, which have an antiatherogenic effect. It has a vasodilating effect at the level of small vessels (including the brain), improves microcirculation, has a weak anticoagulant effect (increases the fibrinolytic activity of the blood).

The hypocholesterolemic effect is noted after a few days, the decrease in TG - a few hours after administration.

Indications

Hypo- and avitaminosis PP: pellagra, inadequate and unbalanced nutrition (including parenteral), malabsorption syndrome (including against the background of pancreatic dysfunction), rapid weight loss, gastrectomy, Hartnup's disease ( hereditary disease, accompanied by a violation of the absorption of certain amino acids, incl. tryptophan), diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gluten enteropathy, persistent diarrhea, tropical sprue,).

Conditions of increased body need for vitamin PP: prolonged fever, diseases of the hepatobiliary region (acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver), hyperthyroidism, chronic infections, malignant tumors, prolonged stress, pregnancy (especially against the background of nicotine and drug addiction, multiple pregnancy), period lactation.

Hyperlipidemia, incl. primary hyperlipidemia (types IIa, IIb, III, IV, V).

Ischemic disorders cerebral circulation, obliterating diseases of the vessels of the extremities (obliterating endarteritis, Raynaud's disease), spasm of the vessels of the extremities, bile and urinary tract; diabetic polyneuropathy, microangiopathy.

Neuritis facial nerve, hypoacid gastritis, enterocolitis, colitis, non-healing wounds and trophic ulcers.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to nicotinic acid.

For oral administration: peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum in the acute phase, childhood up to 2 years (as a lipid-lowering agent).

For parenteral use: severe arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, gout, hyperuricemia, childhood.

Dosage

For the prevention of pellagra, adults inside 15-25 mg / day, children - 5-20 mg / day. With pellagra, adults inside 100 mg 2-4 times / day for 15-20 days, parenterally - 10 mg 1-2 times / day for 10-15 days. Children inside - 5-50 mg 2-3 times / day. For other indications, inside adults 20-50 mg (up to 100 mg), children - 5-30 mg 2-3 times / day. In ischemic stroke, 10 mg is administered intravenously.

Side effects

From the side of the cardiovascular system: flushing of the skin of the face and upper half of the body with a tingling and burning sensation, with rapid administration - a decrease in blood pressure, orthostatic hypotension, collapse.

From the CNS and peripheral nervous system: paresthesia, dizziness.

From the digestive system: with prolonged use - fatty degeneration of the liver.

From the side of metabolism: with prolonged use - hyperuricemia, decreased tolerance to, increased blood levels of AST, LDH, alkaline phosphatase.

Local reactions: soreness at the site of s / c and / m injections.

Others: allergic reactions.

drug interaction

Care must be taken when combined with antihypertensive drugs, anticoagulants and.

A nicotinic acid reduces the toxicity of neomycin and prevents the decrease in the concentration of cholesterol and HDL induced by it.

special instructions

Use with caution orally in patients with hemorrhages, glaucoma, gout, hyperuricemia, liver failure, arterial hypotension, hyperacid gastritis, peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum (in remission).

Use with caution parenterally in patients with hemorrhages, glaucoma, liver failure, arterial hypotension, hyperacid gastritis, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum (in the acute phase).

During treatment, it is necessary to monitor liver function.

It is not advisable to use for the correction of dyslipidemia in patients with diabetes mellitus.

To prevent complications from the liver, it is recommended to include foods rich in methionine (cottage cheese) in the diet or use methionine and other lipotropic agents.

Application in childhood

Contraindications:

- for oral administration: children under 2 years of age (as a lipid-lowering agent).

- for parenteral use: children's age.

For impaired liver function

Use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment.

With prolonged use of nicotinic acid in high doses, the development of fatty infiltration of the liver is possible.

During treatment, it is necessary to monitor liver function. To prevent complications from the liver, it is recommended to include rich foods (cottage cheese) in the diet or use methionine, lipoic acid and other lipotropic agents.

Nicotinic acid is a water-soluble vitamin, another name for which is PP, niacin, or B3. The name R. R. comes from the Latin Preventive Pellagra. It's biologically active substance is a direct participant in all redox processes in the body.

deficit in the body of this vitamin can lead to the development of pellagra. This disease is characterized by a triad of symptoms "Three D" - dermatitis, diarrhea and dementia.

Composition and form of release

The pharmaceutical industry produces nicotinic acid in the form of tablets for oral administration and solution for injection. INN active substance- nicotinic acid.

Solution for parenteral administration is available in glass ampoules 1 ml. The package contains 10 ampoules. Each milliliter of a 0.1% solution contains 10 mg of the active ingredient and auxiliary components. The solution is a clear, colorless liquid.

Nicotinic acid tablets contain 50 mg of the active ingredient and can be sold in two types of packages:

Vials of dark glass or polymeric material, which contain 50 tablets.
Contour cells of 10 tablets. Each carton contains 5 cells.

Pharmacological and biochemical properties

Niacin is in its own way unique drug. Being a vitamin, it does not belong to dietary supplements, but to medicines.

Vitamin PP is one of the most effective means to lower blood cholesterol levels.
Under the action of nicotinic acid, enzymes are activated that are responsible for the production of energy in cells from lipids and carbohydrates. This energy is necessary for the normal functioning of all cells of a living organism. With insufficient content of vitamin PP, energy reserves in tissues and cells are depleted.
Vitamin PP is directly involved in the production of sex hormones - testosterone, progesterone, estrogen. In addition, with the participation of niacin, insulin, thyroxine, and cortisol are produced.
The vasodilating therapeutic effect of vitamin PP is widely used to treat a number of surgical and neurological diseases.
The lipid-lowering effect is to reduce the level of atherogenic cholesterol fractions in the blood.
Under the influence of nicotinic acid, the balance of lipid fractions is normalized, the concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides decreases.
Blood circulation in the microcirculatory bed improves, which helps to improve the nutrition of various tissues and organs. This pattern also applies to brain tissue.
Decreases the tendency to thrombosis and reduces the risk of thrombosis and thromboembolism
In patients with a previous acute myocardial infarction, the use of this medicinal product significantly increases the survival rate and accelerates the recovery time.
Under the influence of nicotinic acid, the main risk factors for development are eliminated cardiovascular diseases, low-density lipoprotein levels decrease. The level of high-density lipoproteins at the same time increases.
In people with type 1 diabetes, the use of this drug can significantly reduce the dosage of insulin administered. In addition, the regular use of vitamin PP can prevent the development of diabetes. This biologically active substance protects the cells of the pancreas from damage.
Niacin reduces the severity of pain in arthritis and osteoarthritis, improving the mobility of large joints.
The sedative effect of this drug is described. Its use potentiates the effect of taking psychoactive drugs, which is widely used in complex treatment schizophrenia, endogenous depression, alcohol and drug addiction.
With the help of preparations based on this vitamin, it is possible to carry out a detoxification effect in case of various kinds of poisoning.
Regular intake of this vitamin reduces the frequency and severity of migraine attacks.
Niacin improves the condition of the skin and hair.

Indications for use

Vitamin PP has a very extensive list of indications for use. You can drink pills and make injections of this drug for both therapeutic and prophylactic purposes:

Hypovitaminosis and avitaminosis PP, which are caused by a lack of its intake with food.
Long-term parenteral nutrition.
Malabsorption syndrome caused by disorders in the pancreas or intestines.
Hartnup disease.
Chronic diseases of the digestive tract, accompanied by severe diarrhea.
Condition after gastrectomy (surgical removal of one or two thirds of the stomach).
Chronic diseases of the liver and biliary system.
Diseases thyroid gland accompanied by hyperthyroidism.
chronic stress.
Oncological diseases.
Chronic infectious processes.
Atherosclerosis of the vessels, accompanied by hyperlipidemia, triglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia.
Obliterating diseases of the arteries lower extremities(Raynaud's disease, etc.).
Cerebrovascular disease with ischemic circulatory disorders, ischemic strokes, visual disturbances and tinnitus.
Diseases accompanied by spasm of peripheral vessels, biliary and urinary tract.
Diabetes and its complications - diabetic angiopathy and polyneuropathy.
Chronic gastritis with reduced secretory function.
Neuritis and neuropathy of the facial nerve.
Colitis or enterocolitis.
Trophic ulcers or wounds that do not heal for a long time.
Osteochondrosis of the spine in various departments.
Chronic hemorrhoids.
Various types of obesity.
Acute and chronic poisoning with alcohol or drugs.

For prophylactic purposes, vitamin PP can be used to prevent the development oncological diseases, hemorrhoids, obesity. In addition, this acid improves concentration and improves visual acuity.

Dosage and method of administration

Niacin is a drug that must be taken strictly according to existing regimens. In no case should you self-medicate and try to drink or inject it yourself. Such self-medication not only will not benefit your body, but can cause substantial harm.

With a lack of vitamin PP in the body, it is prescribed in tablets orally after a meal. Take 2 tablets 2 or 3 times a day. The duration of the therapeutic course is 15-20 days.

For the treatment of other diseases not associated with niacin deficiency, it is prescribed 1-2 tablets per day. The maximum single dosage should not exceed 2 tablets, and the daily dosage should not exceed 6. This scheme is used if the doctor does not prescribe the intake in another way.

For the treatment of diseases associated with disorders blood circulation, low acidity of gastric juice, migraine and migraine-like attacks, neuritis of the facial nerve, the drug is administered orally, 1-2 tablets 4-5 times a day. The total duration of the therapeutic course should not exceed 30 days.

Injections of this drug are prescribed for therapeutic purposes at the rate of 10 mg of the drug 2-3 times a day. The drug can be administered subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously. Full course of injections usually 10-14 days. Instructions for the use of nicotinic acid injections also provide for an administration scheme with a sequential increase in dose from 1 to 5 ml per day, and then a reduction to 1 ml.

In the treatment of the acute phase of ischemic stroke, 10 mg of the solution is injected intravenously.

For the treatment of other diseases, this dosage is prescribed twice a day. Maximum daily dose for an adult is 300 mg of the drug, and a single dose is 100 mg.

Drug for the treatment of Hartnup's disease appointed at a dosage of 40-200 mg per day.

Side effects and symptoms of overdose

If the dosage of the drug and the treatment regimen are calculated incorrectly, the development of the following undesirable side effects:

Severe hyperemia of the skin of the face and upper half of the body. This is possible in patients with hypersensitivity to the drug or when taking the drug on an empty stomach.
Feeling of heat and dizziness.
Urticaria and itching of the skin.
Paresthesia (loss of sensation in the limbs, numbness).
With rapid introduction into the venous bed, a sharp decrease is possible blood pressure.
Gout.
Acanthosis.
An increase in blood glucose.
Increase in arrhythmias.
Swelling of the retina with blurred vision.

Contraindications to the appointment

severe forms arterial hypertension(for intravenous administration).
Severe form of vascular atherosclerosis (for intravenous administration).
Hypersensitivity and individual intolerance.
Pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding).
Children's age is younger than 2 years.

It should be borne in mind that prolonged use of this drug can provoke fatty degeneration of the liver. To avoid this, you can combine treatment with the use of foods rich in methionine. You can consult with your doctor and take drugs containing methionine or having a lipotropic effect according to his prescription.

Nicotinic acid preparations

Vitamin PP is part of such medicines as Vicein, Cantinol nicotinate, Nikoverin, Nikoshpan, Lipostabil, Spasmocor.

In these drugs, niacin can be in the form of pure nicotinic acid or in the form of nicotinamide.

Nicotinamide is integral part preparations Niacinamide, Niconacid, Nicotinamide Vial or Bufus in tablets or ampoules, Apelagrin, Niacin.

These medicines are dispensed in the pharmacy network by prescription.

The drug is used for the prevention and treatment of vitamin PP deficiency (B3), atherosclerosis, spasm of cerebral, coronary and peripheral arteries, neuropathy. high doses and long-term use disrupt the liver, metabolic processes. It is recommended to include cottage cheese in the diet when using Nicotinic acid.

This medication has vitamin activity and is involved in tissue respiration reactions, the formation of proteins, fats and the breakdown of glycogen stores in the liver and muscles. The presence of Nicotinic acid in the blood accelerates the processes of oxidation, energy production. To the main medicinal properties relate:

prevention of progression of atherosclerosis;
improved blood flow;
expansion of peripheral, coronary and cerebral vessels;
reduction of manifestations of intoxication;
improvement of the liver, stomach and intestines (in small doses);
accelerated healing of wounds and ulcers;
restoration of impulse conduction in nerve fibers.

Nicotinic acid is called an antipellagric agent, since its deficiency develops a symptom complex of "three D": skin lesions (dermatitis), persistent diarrhea (diarrhea) and dementia (dementia).

When taking high doses of the drug, reddening of the skin of the face and torso, dizziness, hot flashes, numbness in the extremities occur, with increased sensitivity to Nicotinic acid, blood pressure decreases significantly, heart rhythm disturbances, nausea and vomiting, persistent itching of the skin may occur. When examining patients who have taken this drug for a long time, they find:

an increase in the content of glucose and uric acid in the blood;
fatty degeneration of the liver;
weight gain associated with impaired carbohydrate and fat metabolism;
damage to the mucous membrane of the stomach, duodenum and small intestine.

One of the side effects is accelerated hair growth when applied externally. It is used by beauticians to treat baldness.

Indications for use

Nicotinic acid is used to treat pellagra, and is also prescribed for prophylactic purposes in conditions that may be accompanied by hypovitaminosis of vitamin PP:

strict diets, monotonous nutrition;
parenteral administration of nutrient mixtures;
decreased secretion of pancreatic enzymes;
violation of absorption processes in the intestine;
sharp weight loss;
resection of the stomach;
hereditary pathology with insufficient absorption of tryptophan (Hartnup's disease);
nonspecific ulcerative colitis;
enteropathy, enerocolitis;
recurrent diarrhea;
prolonged infectious diseases;
acute and chronic inflammatory liver diseases;
malignant neoplasms;
increased thyroid function;
constant stress.

During pregnancy and lactation, Nicotinic acid is used with caution, but it can be prescribed to women during such periods when smoking and drug addiction, multiple pregnancy. This drug is part of complex therapy, ischemia of the brain and lower extremities.

Nicotinic acid is indicated for polyneuropathy, vasospasm, biliary tract, ureters, neuritis of the facial nerve, gastritis with insufficient production of hydrochloric acid, as well as with long-term non-scarring wounds and ulcers, alcohol and drug intoxication.

What is prescribed for cardiac problems

Under the influence of Nicotinic acid, the production of low-density lipoprotein complexes, which provoke the development of atherosclerosis, decreases. The antiatherogenic effect is also manifested by the normalization of total cholesterol (after a month), triglycerides (on the first day of admission). The level of high-density lipoproteins increases, which protect the inner lining of the arteries from attachment.

The course of taking the medication prevents the progression and blockage of the arteries that feed the internal organs.

This drug is used to treat patients with heart disease also due to such actions:

has a vasodilating effect;
activates systemic blood circulation and microcirculation;
prevents the formation of blood clots.

The use of tablets, intramuscularly

You need to drink tablets strictly after meals. Many patients, when taken on an empty stomach, develop severe reddening of the skin and hot flashes, abdominal pain and heartburn. The prophylactic dose is 25-50 mg, and with pellagra it is increased to 100 mg. The maximum daily dose is 500 mg.

For some patients suffering from atherosclerosis, the doctor may recommend a gradual increase in dosage - from 50 mg after dinner with a daily addition of 50 mg to 2 - 3 g of Nicotinic acid per day, provided that it is well tolerated. Intravenously, the drug is administered for ischemic stroke, 1 ml of a 1% solution per day. Droppers with medicine are prescribed daily or every other day in an amount of 10 to 15.

Intramuscular and subcutaneous injections may cause severe pain, so they are most often not used, replacing Xanthinol with nicotinate.

Contraindications

hypersensitivity;
peptic ulcer;
liver failure;
gout;
urolithiasis disease;
progressive circulatory failure.

There are a number of diseases in which this drug can be prescribed, but in small doses, in short courses, under constant medical supervision, subject to laboratory monitoring of liver function. These include:

gastritis with preserved acidity;
hepatitis;
diabetes;
chronic alcoholism.

Large doses are prohibited for pregnant women and during lactation. It should be borne in mind that long-term treatment with Nicotinic acid (atherosclerosis, pellagra) should be carried out against the background of the inclusion of cottage cheese in the diet, the prophylactic intake of Methionine, Espa-lipon, Essentiale or their analogues to protect the liver from damage.

Nicotinic acid is used to improve metabolism, prevent the occurrence and progression of the formation of cholesterol plaques, especially if high blood cholesterol is combined with an increase in triglycerides. The drug dilates blood vessels, improves blood rheology and inhibits the formation of blood clots. It is indicated for angina pectoris, spasms of the cerebral, coronary and peripheral arteries, as well as for patients who have an increased need for vitamin PP.

Long-term use of high doses is accompanied by a violation of the liver, therefore, it is recommended to take hepatoprotectors and a diet with regular consumption of cottage cheese.

Useful video

Watch the video about the effect of nicotinic acid:

Overdose

Symptoms: increased side effects from the cardiovascular system - arterial hypotension, headache, possible loss of consciousness, dizziness, feeling of a rush of blood to the head.

Treatment: drug withdrawal, detoxification therapy, symptomatic treatment. There is no specific antidote.

Release form and packaging

1 ml in neutral glass ampoules for syringe filling or imported, or sterile ampoules for syringe filling imported, with a break point or a break ring.

Each ampoule is labeled with label paper or writing paper.

5 or 10 ampoules are packed in a blister pack made of PVC film and aluminum or imported foil.

Boundary packages are placed in boxes made of cardboard or corrugated cardboard.

The approved instructions for medical use in the state and Russian languages are included in the group package with blister packs. The number of instructions is nested according to the number of boxes or packages.

Storage conditions

Store in a place protected from light, at a temperature not exceeding 30 ° C.

Keep out of the reach of children!

Shelf life

Do not use after the expiration date.

Terms of dispensing from pharmacies

On prescription

Manufacturer

Registration certificate holder

Chimpharm JSC, Republic of Kazakhstan

Address of the organization accepting claims from consumers on the quality of products (goods) on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Chimpharm JSC, Republic of Kazakhstan

Shymkent, st. Rashidova, 81

Phone number 7252 (561342)

Fax number 7252 (561342)

E-mail address [email protected]

Injections of nicotinic acid (nicotine) are prescribed for various diseases. The thing is that it affects the body in different ways with certain ailments. This drug belongs to the vitamin group of medicines.

Why are nicotinic acid injections prescribed and their beneficial properties

Basically, this drug has a positive effect on the body:

normalizes the metabolic process;
restores the neural structure;
leads to a normal state of blood circulation in certain areas and throughout the body as a whole;
promotes vasodilation, normalization of oxygen absorption and restoration of oxidation processes inside the body;
removes toxins from the body.

Nicotinic acid injections - indications

The drug is used to treat many ailments:

stroke;
circulatory disorders in the head and limbs;
noise in ears;
pellagra;
poor glucose tolerance;
haemorrhoids;
obesity;
liver disease;
blurred vision;
with medication, alcohol or occupational intoxication.

Often the drug is prescribed for prevention. It helps to reduce the possibility of formation cancerous tumors in the body and accelerates the breakdown of fats, which favorably affects their absorption in the body. In addition, it is prescribed to: remove any symptoms of hemorrhoids; treatment of gastritis; improving memory and vision.

Contraindications to the use of nicotinic acid injections

Despite the many positive properties, nicotine still has contraindications. So, it is not desirable for use by people who have the following ailments: atherosclerosis; stomach ulcer; problems with the duodenum; gout; hepatitis at different stages; diabetes mellitus or simply their body does not interact with the drug.

However, it should be taken with some caution to patients:

with glaucoma and arterial hypotension;
during pregnancy or during lactation.

Side effects

If nicotinic acid injections are prescribed for the treatment of bones, for example, with osteochondrosis, you need to be prepared for some side effects. With short-term use, the main ones are: skin rash and itching, unstable breathing, the appearance of pain and dizziness. In addition, there is a feeling of increased body temperature. Basically, after a while, all the symptoms go away on their own.

With prolonged use of nicotinic acid in injections, for example, to improve blood circulation, it is imperative to monitor other indicators of the body. The thing is that if the drug enters the body excessively, the following problems may develop:

liver dystrophy;
impaired glucose uptake;
violation of the composition of the blood.

At the same time, the injections themselves are considered painful.

Consequences of an overdose

The dose is assigned to each person separately, based on personal indicators of the body and age. If the amount of the drug for injection is incorrectly calculated, some discomfort may occur. So, the most common is a temporary rush of blood to the upper body and head, itching all over the body and indigestion. Symptoms generally go away on their own after a while, or are treated separately.

Application for weight loss

One of the most popular ailments, from which injections of the drug nicotinic acid help, is overweight. Many nutritionists and personal trainers prescribe this particular medication, as it promotes the burning of fat cells. It is prescribed both in injections and tablets.

Nicotinic acid - injections for health

Vitamin PP is just as important for the body as other trace elements. Nicotinic acid has an active effect on the body, injections of which are used to treat a huge number of diseases.

A distinctive feature of nicotinic acid

It is not recommended for diabetics, as it negatively affects blood vessels. It should be taken into account that nicotinic acid is better absorbed in tablets, injections are too painful. During injections (after 10-20 minutes), redness begins to be observed, therefore it is recommended to lie down for several minutes after the procedure. But even when taken orally, the dose should be increased little by little. Usually this drug is prescribed in an amount of 50-300 mg per day. It removes methyl radicals from the body, so it is taken simultaneously with methionine, vitamin U and choline chloride. And the diet should include more cottage cheese. The drug can be obtained at the pharmacy in the form of tablets of 50 mg or ampoules of 1 ml of a 1% solution.

Action spectrum

Acid is known not only as a vitamin, it is also famous for its other properties. So, it is widely believed that nicotinic acid is useful for lactation. To do this, it is recommended to take the medicine 2 times a day half an hour before the start of feeding (1-1.5 tablets each - it is advisable to find out the dosage from a specialist).

beauty acid

Most beauties who strive to grow chic hair face it sooner or later. pharmaceutical agent. Many cosmetologists recommend a course of this drug, as they know that nicotinic acid for the skin is a means of its rapid recovery. Within a couple of weeks after taking the course of the drug, the skin becomes much more radiant and healthy.

Side effects of nicotinic acid

Like any other drug, it cannot but have negative effects. They are associated with the release of histamine, and this is reflected in a person as follows: redness of the skin appears, accompanied by itching. Pressure may also decrease, dizziness, nausea and diarrhea may appear. And even if all these phenomena were caused by nicotinic acid, injections do not have to be canceled yet. Gradually, the body will adapt to the release of histamine and after a while will stop responding so actively to it. But in some cases, a revision of the doses and duration of the drug is required.

Contraindications for the use of nicotinic acid

First of all, nicotinic acid should be used with caution for those who experience digestive problems - it can, for example, cause an exacerbation of stomach ulcers and inflammation of the duodenum. It is forbidden to prescribe tablets to children under the age of two years and parenterally at any age. Care should be taken to take nicotinic acid for people suffering from gout, disorders of the liver and kidneys, as well as those who have a tendency to bleed. If nicotinic acid is used for too long, injections can cause appetite disorders, vomiting, diarrhea and even liver dysfunction, exacerbation of diabetes.

"Nicotine". Injections and tablets, their purpose and indications for use

Vitamin PP (nicotinic acid, niacin, nicotinamide) is one of the most important components of the human body. The lack of this vitamin entails the appearance of a serious disease - pellagra, which, if left untreated, can lead to death. Pellagra is manifested by a depressive state of the patient, sometimes - diarrhea, vomiting. Often with pellagra, the patient has hallucinations, accompanied by confusion of thoughts. Appearance Such signs of the disease should cause concern, is the lack of nicotinic acid the cause of these symptoms? In the people, this component is often called simply - "nicotine". Injections, instructions for their administration, consultation, basic recommendations can only be issued by competent employees of medical institutions.

Where is nicotine naturally found?

The main suppliers of vitamin PP (nicotine) are food. A lot of nicotinic acid contains meat, fish, milk, liver, pectoral muscles of chicken. Plant foods such as tomatoes, cucumbers, potatoes are also pantries that contain nicotine. Injections, diet food, tablets are prescribed by a doctor in case of insufficient or complete absence of this vitamin in the patient's food products.

The body's need for nicotine

The need for this vitamin preparation in different people varies, depending on age and physiological state. A healthy adult who consumes a normal diet containing nicotine will likely not need injections because daily rate consumption in such people is only about 20 mg of the vitamin. In boys, the need for nicotine is higher than in girls, and women during pregnancy, as well as when breastfeeding, should consume 25 mg of the drug daily.

Nicotine for babies

The daily norm of vitamin PP for six-month-old babies is relatively high. It should not be lower than 6 mg. It is advisable to take into account the composition of food in a child who simply needs nicotine for growth and development. Injections of vitamin PP, which adults receive, can harm babies. In addition to the possibility of causing a breakdown of the child's nervous activity by injections, there is a danger of severe burning of the skin, which can also bring harm to a small organism.

Diagnosis

With the main symptoms of a disease caused by a lack of necotinic acid (nicotine), instructions, as well as recommendations for effective treatment can be obtained by patients only after accurate confirmation of the diagnosis. When it is formulated, as the main argument, the quantity, composition and even the method of cooking are taken into account. By analyzing only these components, you can definitely make a diagnosis. This is due to the good tolerance of cooking with vitamin PP. It is not lost during freezing of products, during drying, and also after exposure to high temperatures. Thus, extreme conditions are needed under which a person will completely stop receiving products containing an irreplaceable vitamin. This fact is of paramount diagnostic value.

Treatment of a disease caused by a lack of nicotine

After confirming that the cause of the disease is a lack of such an element as nicotine, injections will be most effective method treatment. This is due to the fact that injections of nicotinic acid begin to act very quickly, without causing an irritating effect on the gastrointestinal tract, which is typical for tablets. However long application the drug, as well as its increased doses, can harm the body. It has been proven that vitamin PP prevents the body from absorbing methionine, and this entails the occurrence of another disease. Therefore, it is recommended during injections of nicotinic acid to enrich the diet with foods that have a high content of methionine - cottage cheese, milk, cheese, eggs, fresh fish, soy products and meat.

Nicotinic acid (shots)

Nicotinic acid (injections) refers to specific antipellagric agents. In this regard, the drug has the designation "PP-vitamin". Nicotinic acid (shots) when used on initial stages pellagra contributes to the elimination of its phenomena.

In addition to anti-pellagric properties, vitamin PP improves carbohydrate metabolism, has positive impact with diabetes in mild forms, diseases of the heart, liver, peptic ulcer in duodenum and stomach and enterocolitis. Nicotinic acid (shots) has a vasodilating property, and also promotes wound healing.

PP-vitamin has a lipoproteinemic effect, reducing the level of lipoproteins in the blood.

Nicotinic acid (injections) contributes to the normalization of the brain and nervous system. In addition, its positive effect on the cardiovascular system, digestion is noted. Nicotinic acid for the skin is one of the main assistants in maintaining it in a healthy state. In addition, PP-vitamin helps to ensure normal vision, is involved in improving blood circulation, reducing high blood pressure in the blood due to its vasodilating properties.

Nicotinic acid for lactation is a stimulant. Vitamin PP is involved in vascular blood filling and acceleration of blood circulation in the mammary gland.

The drug is available in ampoules.

In ischemic stroke, PP-vitamin is administered intravenously. The dosage is one milliliter of a one percent solution.

Intravenous administration must be carried out slowly. Rapid intravenous administration solution can cause a significant decrease in blood pressure. Intramuscular and subcutaneous administration of nicotinic acid causes pain.

Taking the drug orally (in the form of powder or tablets), in particular, on an empty stomach or by persons with hypersensitivity, can cause dizziness, redness of the upper torso and face, a feeling of a rush of blood to the head, paresthesia (numbness in the limbs), nettle rash. As practice shows, these manifestations are eliminated on their own after a certain period of time.

Intravenous drug is contraindicated in persons with hypertension in severe form (with a pronounced persistent increase in blood pressure) and atherosclerosis.

If hypersensitivity to nicotinic acid is detected, the drug is recommended to be replaced with nicotinamide. An exception may be cases of using the drug as a vasodilator.

In order to increase lactation, the drug is prescribed fifty milligrams orally up to three times a day ten to fifteen minutes before breastfeeding.

When prescribing during lactation, it is necessary to warn the patient about possible reaction of a short-term nature (redness on the face and upper body, a feeling of fullness mammary glands, in rare cases itching). The appointment of nicotinic acid is recommended in combination with ascorbic acid.

It should be noted that long-term intake of vitamin-PP in large doses can provoke the development of fatty liver. In order to prevent this complication, foods rich in methionine (an amino acid not synthesized in the body) should be included in the diet, or methionine and other lipotropic (selectively interacting with fats) agents should be prescribed.

dandruff,

slow hair growth

However, it also has contraindications and can lead to severe redness of the scalp, itching, headache and dizziness if:

you are prone to allergies, hives, and intolerance to certain drugs;
you suffer at least occasionally from high blood pressure.

The harm of nicotinic acid can be manifested by the appearance of side effects: severe irritation of the scalp, as well as dizziness and headache. In this case, immediately wash off the drug from the head!