Basophils - the causes of an increase in the blood in adults, what does this mean? What are basophils (BA, BASO) in the blood Basophils are at the upper limit of normal.

The norm of basophils in the blood in adults (women and men) is 0.5-1%, in children it is slightly higher. Most of them in newborns - 0.75%, then it decreases to 0.5%, up to a year it increases to 0.6%, up to 12-14 years old - up to 0.7%, after which the value stabilizes, as in adults. This is due to the peculiarities of the stages of development of the child's body: the formation of immunity, various infections, the occurrence allergic reactions and injuries, the development of the endocrine system.

Causes of elevated basophils

When the number of basophils is increased, this condition is called. The following diseases can lead to its development:

You can read about the increased level of basophils in the blood in children.

An increase in basophils also develops with a lack of iron ions, vitamins B9, B12, C in the body. This happens both in violation of iron absorption in diseases of the stomach and intestines, and in healthy people with reduced nutrition and a lack of vitamins, meat food.

Treatment of basophilia

The first thing to do with an increase in the level of basophils in the blood is to undergo an examination. It should be prescribed by a doctor, taking into account the history, complaints of the patient, the results of his examination. There are times when there are no complaints, no clinical manifestations, then a general examination is prescribed.

If a disease is detected, treatment is prescribed, and as the level of basophils recovers, it will gradually normalize. If no pathology has been identified, the diet should be adjusted: increase the proportion of foods containing iron, vitamins of group B. A good effect will be taking iron supplements and multivitamins, or drugs that combine iron with folic acid (vitamin B6), ascorbic acid, vitamin B12 (hemoferon, vitaferon, sorbifer and others).

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Causes of low basophils

A decrease in the level of basophils is called basopenia, it is more typical for an adult organism and can be caused by:

  • Severe forms of pneumonia.
  • Severe infections.
  • Severe forms of allergies.
  • Adrenal insufficiency.
  • Thyrotoxicosis (increased function thyroid gland).
  • Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome (endocrine disease in violation of the function of the pituitary gland).
  • Prolonged stressful situations.
  • General weakening of the body, decreased immunity.

Basopenia can be observed in cancer patients during radiation therapy, chemotherapy, which inhibit hematopoiesis.

Treatment of basopenia

Basopenia requires examination, because it is often caused by serious diseases. As they are treated, an increase in the level of basophils in the blood will be a good prognostic indicator, indicating recovery or remission.

If basopenia is associated with a general weakening of the body, with a decrease in immunity, then the action plan should be as follows:

Basophils in pregnant women

With the onset of pregnancy in women, an increase in the total number of leukocytes is noted in the first months, mainly due to neutrophils. It can grow during pregnancy from 4-9 to 13-15 thousand (per microliter of blood), and returns to normal only after childbirth. This is due to the development of the fetus, the neutralization of its toxins. Against this background, there is a certain relative decrease in the number of basophils, due to an increase in the percentage of neutrophils.

Basopenia is also noted in the 1st trimester of pregnancy due to an increase in the volume of circulating blood, fluid inflow. But this decrease in their content is also false, because only the concentration decreases, and the absolute amount remains unchanged.

Normally, the relative amount of basophils in the blood should not exceed 1%. Basopenia and basophilia may indicate the presence of inflammatory processes, blood diseases, etc.

The determination of basophils in the framework of the leukocyte formula of a clinical blood test is carried out to identify inflammatory processes and allergic reactions.

Basophils themselves are a type of leukocyte and are blood cells derived from a granulocyte germ.

General information

Basophils are granulocytes that are distributed in the peripheral blood. They are produced by the bone marrow and released into the serum, after which they settle in the tissues. Life cycle basophil is about 7-12 days.

When an inflammatory process occurs, basophils and other white bodies are sent to the focus. They are responsible for the production of histamine (fighting an allergic reaction), serotonin (a neurotransmitter that suppresses stress and depression), and heparin (a substance that reduces blood clotting).

Basophils also contain prostaglandins, which, together with histamine, bind the irritant (allergen) and neutralize it. At this moment, the patient notes the development of inflammatory processes (fever, fever, weakness, swelling of tissues, etc.).

All this is a reaction to increased blood flow and an increase in the permeability of blood vessels, for which basophils are responsible.

The main purpose of basophils is to participate in an immediate and, less commonly, delayed type hypersensitivity reaction. They are among the first at the site of inflammation and, as it were, call on other blood cells to fight foreign agents.

This process is called phagocytosis and is one of the functions immune system person. If the inflammatory process continues for more than 3 days, the bone marrow begins to produce more basophils.

This medical condition is called basophilocytosis.

Also, basophils affect blood clotting with the help of natural heparin, increase capillary permeability, promote the creation of new vessels, and stimulate the contraction of smooth muscle tissue.

Indications for analysis

An analysis for basophils is necessary in the following cases:

  • planned preventive control;
  • examination before surgery;
  • diagnostics of inflammatory and infectious processes, as well as blood diseases;
  • monitoring the effectiveness of the therapy.

A decrease in the number of white cells (basopenia) in children can cause dysfunction of the endocrine system, disruption of the hematopoiesis process and, as a result, the development of leukemia. In women, basopenia may indicate pregnancy.

Usually, a study on basophils is not carried out separately, but the results are deciphered within the framework of the leukocyte formula. The level of basophils gives an idea of ​​various inflammatory processes, allergic reactions (important for the diagnosis of anaphylactic shock), oncological diseases (blood cancer).

The construction of the leukocyte formula is carried out on the basis of a detailed clinical blood test.

The norm of basophils

When deciphering the results of the leukocyte formula, the following indicators are considered the norm of basophils:

  • newborns - 0.75%;
  • babies (1 month of life) - 0.5%;
  • infants (2-12 months) - 0.4-0.9%;
  • children (12 years old) - 0.7%;
  • teenagers (from 12 to 21 years old) - 0.6-1%;
  • adults (over 21 years old) - 0.5-1%.

Immediately after birth, the number of basophils in a person is increased. This is due to the formation of an independent immune system. In the first month of life, the indicator falls slightly, stabilizes by the age of 12 and rises again already in adulthood.

In the analysis form, you can see the following indicators of basophils: BA% (relative percentage to other leukocytes) and BA # (absolute amount, which is normally 0.01-0.065 * 109 grams / liter).

Increased basophils (basophilia)

The condition develops with an increase in the number of basophils by more than 0.2 * 109 g / l.

Important! Basophilia can be caused by hormonal drugs(estrogens), antithyroid drugs.

In clinical practice, an increase in basophils is rare and is typical for:

  • diseases of the digestive tract (chronic form):
  • pathologies of the circulatory system:
  • individual reaction to an irritant (allergy);
  • stages of early remission of infectious diseases;
  • Hodgkin's disease (malignant pathology affecting the lymphatic system);
  • hypothyroidism (deficiency of the thyroid gland, expressed in a decrease in its secretory function);
  • oncology (cancer of the blood, lungs).

An increase in the number of basophils indicates a violation of the immune system and the active invasion of a foreign agent. Also, chronic basophilia is noted in patients who have had their spleen removed.

Decreased basophils (basopenia)

With basopenia, the number of basophils is pathologically reduced (less than 0.01 * 109 g / l).

Important! A decrease in basophils is often noted in the first trimester of pregnancy, which is associated with an active increase in the blood supply (liquid phase) without an increase in the number of blood cells. But in this case, basopenia is considered false and does not indicate a pathological process.

Basopenia is also noted during ovulation (middle menstrual cycle), while taking chemotherapy drugs, corticosteroids and other "heavy" medications for the body.

The number of basophils can be reduced in a number of pathologies:

  • acute infections and diseases;
  • nervous and mental disorders;
  • hyperthyroidism (increased secretory activity of the thyroid gland);
  • acute inflammation of the lungs.

Only a qualified specialist can decipher the leukocyte form for the number of basophils: a therapist, infectious disease specialist, hematologist or functional diagnostician.

  • 8-12 hours before the procedure, the last meal is taken, and 2-4 hours - water;
  • The day before the analysis, the patient should give up sports training, sexual intercourse (stress for the body), weight lifting and any other physical and psychological stressful situations. You should also exclude from the diet spicy, fatty foods, semi-finished products and snacks (chips, crackers, etc.), alcoholic and tonic drinks (energy, strong coffee, etc.);
  • Immediately before donating blood, the patient informs the doctor about taking medications and recently completed courses of drug therapy.

Source: http://www.diagnos.ru/procedures/analysis/ba

Basophils are the norm

Basophils are the smallest group of leukocytes. They belong to the granulocytic subspecies of white blood cells, are born and mature in the bone marrow.

From it, basophils move into the peripheral blood and circulate along the channel for only a few hours. This is followed by cell migration into tissues.

They stay there for no more than twelve days and fulfill their mission: neutralization of foreign and harmful organisms that are undesirable for human body.

Functions of basophils

Basophils contain within themselves granules of heparin, histamine, serotonin - biologically active substances.

When they come into contact with allergens, degranulation occurs, that is, the contents are excreted outside the basophils. This helps bind allergens.

An inflammatory focus is formed, which attracts other groups of leukocytes that have the ability to destroy alien and uninvited guests.

Basophils are prone to chemotaxis, that is, free movement through tissues. This movement occurs under the action of special chemicals.

They also have a predisposition to phagocytosis - the absorption of harmful bacteria and microorganisms. But this is not the main and not natural function for basophils.

The only thing that the cells must unconditionally perform is instantaneous degranulation, which leads to an increase in blood flow, an increase in vascular permeability, and the mobilization of other granulocytes directly to the site of inflammation.

So, the main purpose of basophils is to subdue allergens, limit their action and not miss the progress through the body.

The norm of basophils in the blood

The normative content of basophils, as a rule, is determined as a percentage of the total population of leukocytes: VA%.

The number of cells can also be measured in absolute terms: VA# 109 g/l.

The optimal number of basophils remains unchanged throughout life (x109 g/l):

  • minimum: 0.01;
  • maximum: 0.065.

The specific gravity of cells slightly depends on age. For adults, the norm is within the following limits: not less than half and not more than one percent.

For children, the optimal content of basophils is interpreted unambiguously (in%):

  • newborn baby: 0.75;
  • one month old: 0.5;
  • one year old child: 0.6;
  • up to 12 years: 0.7.

At first, the proportion of cells is larger (0.75%), then decreases by the year and increases again. After twelve years, the percentage of basophils should already correspond to the norm for adults.

Deviations from the norm

Basophils are elevated

Exceeding the norm by basophils is called basophilia. It occurs quite rarely, but its causes are well studied and known to specialists.

First of all, this is a manifestation of an allergic reaction.

Also, basophilia can accompany such ailments:

  • Hematological, that is, blood diseases, in particular:
    • chronic myeloid leukemia;
    • lymphogranulomatosis or Hodgkin's disease: more common in adolescents, and incidence peaks are observed at 20 and 50 years;
    • acute leukemia;
    • true polycythemia.
  • Chronic inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Hypothyroidism.
  • Acute hepatitis, which is accompanied by jaundice.
  • hemolytic anemia.

Taking antithyroid drugs or estrogens can also cause the growth of basophils.

Sometimes basophilia occurs when there is not enough iron in the body. In rare cases, it warns of the appearance of a neoplasm in the lungs.

If a person had an operation to remove the spleen, then basophilia will be his companion for the rest of his life.

An increase in the proportion of cells in women is possible at the beginning of the menstrual cycle, as well as during the ovulation period.

Basophils are lowered

A decrease in basophils beyond the normal range is basopenia. It is not possible to assess how difficult it is, since the lower value of the norm is too meager.

A decrease in basophils is observed when the following pathologies are present in the body:

  • Acute infectious diseases.
  • Hyperthyroidism.
  • Cushing's disease and syndrome.
  • Pneumonia.

The reason for the decrease in basophils may be experienced stress, as well as long-term use corticosteroids.

Basopenia is not considered a pathology for women who are carrying a child. It manifests itself in the third trimester of pregnancy. During this period, blood volumes increase rapidly, but there is an increase in plasma, and not in the number of cells.

Their number remains within the normal range. Therefore, reduced basophils in women in an interesting position are quite acceptable.

A decrease in the level of basophils below the norm can occur during the period of recovery from infectious diseases.

Cells often completely disappear from the blood during chemotherapy sessions or during treatment with some other complex and difficult medications for the body.

How to return basophils back to normal

There is no separate treatment that allows you to return basophils to normal. There is a therapy for ailments that are accompanied by basophilia or basopenia.

And yet, if the study revealed an excess of cells over the norm, it does not hurt to take care to increase the content of vitamin B12 and iron in the body. They will help normalize blood formation and brain function.

Do not neglect natural sources that contain B12. First of all, the diet should be diversified with animal products: meat, milk, eggs. Soy milk and yeast also contain B12.

To replenish iron stores will help:

  • veal and chicken liver;
  • a fish;
  • red meat.

With moderate use of dry white wine, iron absorption is activated. Orange juice, which is not forbidden to drink in unlimited quantities (if there are no contraindications), can also contribute to this process.

To regulate the level of basophils, it is enough for a healthy person to switch to proper nutrition and remove such unpleasant habits as smoking or addiction to strong drinks.

In some cases, basophils return to normal after the withdrawal of certain medications - in particular, antithyroid or containing estrogens.

Source: http://OnWomen.ru/bazofily.html

The norm of basophils in a blood test, the reasons for the increase in the result

One of the most important indicators of a general clinical blood test is the count of the leukocyte formula.

The calculation of the percentage of different types of leukocytes from their total number is called the leukocyte formula.

What are basophil cells

Basophils occupy the smallest position in the total number of leukocytes. Normally, their number does not exceed 1% of all white blood cells. They belong to granulocytes, that is, cells that have granules in the cytoplasm with various biologically active substances.

Basophil granules are intensely stained with basic aniline dye, hence the name of these cells. Under a microscope, they look like cells with a large weakly segmented dark blue or purple nucleus (often S-shaped), their cytoplasm is filled with large granules, stained in various shades of purple, the nucleus behind these granules is poorly visible.

Basophilic leukocytes are formed in the bone marrow, then they enter the bloodstream, where they circulate for only a few hours. Then they enter the tissues, where they perform their main function.

Why are basophils needed?

The main function of these cells is detoxification. They are directly involved in the body's immune responses.

Basophil granules contain histamine, heparin, serotonin, leukotrienes, as well as factors that attract neutrophils and eosinophils to the focus of inflammation.

In the tissues there are mast cells - analogues of basophils. They are very similar in structure and function. Scientists are still arguing about their origin. For a long time, it was believed that basophils, when they pass into tissues, turn into mast cells. Now the version is more reliable that they differentiate much earlier and, possibly, come from one predecessor.

Basophils, like mast cells, have on their membrane receptors for Ig E (these are antibodies that are produced by lymphocytes in response to an allergen). When a foreign protein enters the body, it binds to Ig E, and the mechanism of degranulation of basophils and mast cells (mast cells) is triggered.

Biologically active substances come from the cell into the tissues, cause expansion, as well as an increase in vascular permeability. This is a manifestation of an allergy: tissue edema occurs, which externally can be manifested by swelling of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract (attack bronchial asthma), the appearance of blisters on the skin, itching, redness, runny nose, watery eyes.

How are basophils counted and labeled?

According to all academic canons, the leukocyte formula is read by a laboratory assistant in a stained blood smear under a microscope.

Recently, hematology analyzers have been used almost universally in clinics. The principle of their work is the differentiation of cells according to their volume, light refraction, electrical resistance and other parameters. The advantage of hemoanalyzers is that they save time and are also able to evaluate a much larger number of cells than manual counting.

However, not all of them are able to give out a complete leukocyte formula. The simplest analyzer, supplied to polyclinics under the National Health Project, distinguishes leukocytes only by their volume and distinguishes 3 populations: granulocytes (GRN or GR), lymphocytes (LYM or LY), and middle cells (MID), which are most often associated with monocytes.

Basophils in this analysis can be both in the GRN group and in the MID. Ideally, the calculation of the leukocyte formula after examination with such an analyzer should be supplemented by conventional smear microscopy, but this does not happen everywhere.

A more high-tech hemoanalyzer is able to distinguish between all 5 types of leukocytes. Basophils in deciphering are designated BAS or BA. If all automatic indicators are within the norm, the recalculation is not performed. If the analyzer shows deviations in the leukocyte formula, the doctor may prescribe a second analysis with smear microscopy.

Why do basophils rise?

basophils in the blood formula - no more than 1%. They may not be in the smear at all, this is not considered a pathology.

An increase in basophils in the blood (basophilia) is quite rare.

What do elevated basophils mean? As already mentioned, basophilic leukocytes are active participants in allergic reactions, both immediate and delayed. Therefore, the main reason is allergies.

When an allergen enters the body, mast cells, that is, tissue basophils, are the first to react to it. A focus of allergic inflammation is formed. Basophils from the blood also rush to this focus. During this period, their increase is noted.

The second reason for basophilia is their increased formation in the bone marrow. This condition can be with myeloid leukemia, erythremia and some other diseases of the hematopoietic system.

The main conditions in which basophils can be elevated

If basophils are elevated in an adult, then there may be several reasons:

It is believed that the norm of basophils in a child is somewhat lower than in adults (no more than 0.5%), but it is clear that this difference is very arbitrary. In any case, if the laboratory assistant sees one basophil per 100 cells, the analysis will show the figure 1%, and this will not be a pathology.

Elevated basophils in a child most often indicate an allergy or helminthic invasion. Much less often, the cause will be something else. If a blood test is taken after vaccination, basophilia can also be observed.

The decrease or absence of basophils in the blood has no diagnostic value.

Possible questions about basophils

Question:
Should I be afraid of an increase in basophils in the blood?

Most often, no. If there is a clear allergic reaction or an autoimmune disease in the acute stage, then their increase fits into clinical picture. Moreover, eosinophils also increase. Usually this is a temporary phenomenon, and after the start of treatment, everything returns to normal.

Another thing is if basophilia is found in a person who is not bothered by anything. Additional testing may be required. But before that, it is recommended to repeat the blood test, preferably in another laboratory.

Question:
Can an increase in basophils be a sign of blood cancer?

Yes, it can, but quite rarely. And with this pathology, basophils alone will almost never be elevated in isolation. "Red flags" in this case should be a sharply increased or significantly reduced total number of leukocytes, erythrocytes, platelets, and other changes in the blood test.

Question:
Is it necessary to treat an increase in basophils in the blood?

Basophilia is a symptom. And the disease needs to be treated. An asymptomatic increase in basophils does not need to be treated.

Question:
The doctor prescribes a second analysis. Should I trust this doctor and this laboratory?

One blood test can never draw any conclusions. The doctor may doubt the analysis, and this is normal. It may be necessary to manually recalculate the formula after hardware analysis.

And, finally, in medicine quite often there are situations when some waiting and observation is required instead of an immediate expensive examination.

You can take the initiative and retake blood in another laboratory.

But if basophilia is observed in 2-3 consecutive tests, this is already a reason to undergo a more thorough examination.

Source: http://zdravotvet.ru/bazofily-norma-povysheny-prichiny/

Why are basophils elevated in the blood, what does this mean?

The smallest group of leukocytes are basophils, which perform many functions in the human body.

In particular, they not only maintain blood flow in small vessels and provide a migration path for other leukocytes into tissues, but also effectively influence the growth of new capillaries.

If an adult has elevated basophils in the blood, then this indicates the development of the disease - basophilia. The causes of this condition are different, below we will consider the main ailments, due to which basophils in the blood rise above normal.

Functions of basophils

The main function of this type of granulocytes is participation in the inflammatory process and the development of allergic reactions, namely anaphylactic shock. In addition, basophils block toxins (poisons of insects and animals) that have entered the body through the skin and reduce blood clotting due to the presence of heparin in them. At the site of destruction of basophils, tissue edema, itching, and redness occur.

We can summarize the main functions of basophils in the human body:

  • suppression and "blocking" of allergens;
  • an obstacle to the spread of foreign particles throughout the body;
  • preservation of the body's defenses;
  • regulation of permeability and tone of microvessels;
  • maintaining the water and colloidal state, as well as skin metabolism;
  • neutralization of toxins and poisons, including insects;
  • participation in the processes of coagulation and phagocytosis.

If basophils are elevated in an adult, this means that the problem must be looked for in the anamnesis, analyze previous illnesses, and the patient's living conditions. Next, we will consider in more detail why basophils in the blood of an adult are elevated, and what diseases lead to such indicators.

The norm of basophils

The normal number of basophils varies depending on age and is calculated as a percentage of the total number of leukocytes in the blood:

  • for an adult: 0.5-1%;
  • newborn: 0.75%;
  • 1 month: 0.5%;
  • 1 year: 0.6%;
  • 2 years: 0.7%

As you can see, the norm of basophils in the blood is from 0.5% to 1% of the total number of leukocytes. In absolute terms, this is about 0.3 nanoliters per liter of blood.

Causes of elevated basophils

Why are basophils elevated in the blood in an adult, what does this mean? Various conditions can provoke an increase in basophil values ​​above normal, ranging from an immediate reaction to the administration of a drug to a long-term inflammatory process.

Consider the main causes of elevated basophils in an adult:

  1. Allergic reactions. Upon contact with the allergen, special granules contained in the cells are released. Because of this, typical allergy symptoms occur: itching, rash, swelling, etc.
  2. In acute infectious diseases of the liver, basophils are also elevated.
  3. Inflammation (including chronic) located in the gastrointestinal tract. The effect is especially pronounced when acute inflammation intestines.
  4. Often, basophils in the blood are elevated in the period preceding menstruation.
  5. Constant exposure to small doses of radiation (for example, this applies to those who work with X-ray machines).
  6. Diseases of the circulatory system.

In this way, general analysis blood with an increased number of basophilic granulocytes, first of all, indicates the penetration of a foreign antigen, which, according to its characteristics, absolutely does not fit into the antigenic composition of this organism, therefore the latter tries to reject the enemy as quickly as possible.

Sometimes, the response is very stormy and swift (anaphylactic shock), then the patient needs the same rapid medical care (injection of adrenaline, hormones), otherwise a sad outcome will quickly come.

Physiological causes

Physiological processes that cause an increase in basophils:

  1. During menstruation, at the beginning of ovulation, when the level of estrogen in the blood rises.
  2. During the recovery of the body after an infection.
  3. Basophils increase as a result of a small exposure to radiation doses, radiologists and laboratory assistants often suffer from it.
  4. After taking contraceptives medications, which contain a large amount of estrogen.

Thus, the causes of basophilia are many, so a thorough examination should be carried out to identify the cause of each specific case. Self-medication is categorically unacceptable.

Elevated basophils in a child

What does it mean? The condition when the basophils in a child are elevated is called basophilia and the causes of its occurrence are different:

  1. Poisoning.
  2. Insect bites.
  3. Helminth infection..
  4. hemolytic anemia.
  5. Deficiency in the blood of iron
  6. Sinusitis is chronic.
  7. nephrotic syndrome.
  8. Infectious diseases
  9. Reception of some medicines.
  10. Generalized allergy, drug or food.
  11. Myxedema, or insufficient supply of tissues and organs with thyroid hormones.
  12. Blood diseases: chronic myeloid leukemia, acute leukemia, polycythemia vera, Hodgkin's disease.
  13. Gastrointestinal pathologies of chronic course, for example, ulcerative colitis. Basophils may increase with transition acute illness into sharp form.

A decrease in the level of basophils is possible only with the timely treatment of the underlying disease that caused their increase, while it is necessary to introduce foods containing vitamin B12 (dairy, eggs, kidneys) into the child's diet.

What to do if basophils in the blood are elevated

In most cases, basophilia is cured if the immediate cause of its occurrence is eliminated, in particular, the underlying disease is cured. But in some cases, a high level of basophils can be observed in relatively healthy people., Then you need to use these recommendations:

  1. Increase the saturation of the body with vitamin B12, because it is actively involved in the formation of blood cells and brain function. This can be done by taking special preparations or adding dishes from meat, kidneys, eggs and milk to your diet.
  2. Include iron-containing vitamins and foods in the diet: liver (especially chicken), buckwheat, fish and other seafood.

If basophils in the blood are elevated, in some cases, it is enough to stop taking medications: antithyroid, estrogen-containing and the like. In women, basophilia can be observed during ovulation, in the first days of the menstrual cycle, and also during pregnancy. This is due to a direct relationship between the level of estrogen and progesterone in the blood and the number of basophils.

Source: http://simptomy-lechenie.net/povyshennye-bazofily-v-krovi/

Basophils: functions, norm, increase in blood levels - causes, mechanism and manifestations

Basophils (BASO) are a small group of representatives of the granulocytic series. These small (less than neutrophils in size) cells, after formation, go immediately to the periphery (in the tissue), without creating a reserve in the bone marrow. Basophils do not live long, up to a week.

They weakly phagocytize, but this is not their task. Basophils are carriers of receptors for immunoglobulin E, producers of histamine and other stimulating substances, take part in the coagulation process (they produce an anticoagulant - heparin).

The tissue form of basophils is mastocytes, which are usually called mast cells. There are many basophils in the skin, serous membranes, and also in connective tissue surrounding capillaries. These leukocytes have many more useful properties, however, the basophils themselves in the blood are nothing at all - 0-1%, but if the body needs them, their number will increase.

There are no lower values.

The norm of basophils in peripheral blood in adults is 0-1%, but this does not mean that they may not be in the body at all, for example, an allergic reaction instantly activates them and their number will increase. There is no such thing as "basophilopenia" in medical practice.

Despite the fact that the leukocyte formula in children tends to change with age, experiencing two crossings, all these changes do not affect basophils - they remain on the same digit of the norm - an average of 0.5% (0-1%), and in a newborn child in general, they can not always be found in a smear.

In general, the ratio of white cells in the formula (in percent) in infants can vary markedly even during the day (crying, anxiety, introduction of complementary foods, temperature changes, diseases), therefore, to obtain a more accurate result, the results are evaluated by absolute values.

The absolute content of basophils in the norm will be in the range: from 0 to 0.09 X 109 / l (0.09 Giga / liter).

The reasons for the increased values ​​of basophils can be various conditions, ranging from an immediate reaction to the administration of a drug and ending with a long-term inflammatory process. In a word, the levels of these cells are increased in the case of:

  • Acute hypersensitivity reactions;
  • Some hematological diseases (hemophilia, erythremia, hemolytic anemia, chronic myeloid leukemia)
  • After the introduction of prophylactic vaccines;
  • Viral infections (chickenpox, flu);
  • rheumatoid arthritis;
  • tuberculosis process;
  • iron deficiency anemia;
  • nonspecific ulcerative colitis;
  • Malignant neoplasms of epithelial tissue.

Thus, a general blood test with an increased number of basophilic granulocytes primarily indicates the penetration of a foreign antigen, which, according to its characteristics, absolutely does not fit into the antigenic composition of this organism, therefore the latter tries to reject the enemy as quickly as possible. Sometimes, the answer is very stormy and swift ( anaphylactic shock), then the patient needs the same prompt medical assistance (injection of adrenaline, hormones), otherwise a sad outcome will quickly come.

Important functions of a small group

A large number of stimulating substances, receptors for immunoglobulin E (IgE), cytokines, and complement are concentrated on the surface of basophils. They carry out reactions of immediate type (granulocyte-dependent type), where these cells play a major role. We can see the involvement of basophils in the development of anaphylactic shock. Seconds - and a person needs emergency help.

Basophils produce histamine, serotonin, heparin, proteolytic enzymes, peroxidase, prostaglandins and other biologically active substances (BAS), which are stored in their granules for the time being (this, it turns out, is what they are for). The ingress of a foreign antigen causes basophils to quickly migrate to the place of the "accident" and throw out biologically active substances from their granules, and thereby contribute to restoring order in problem areas (expansion of capillaries, healing of wound surfaces, etc.).

As noted, basophils are participants in the production of a natural anticoagulant - heparin, which prevents blood clotting where this is not necessary, for example, during anaphylaxis, when there is a real danger of developing thrombohemorrhagic syndrome.

Embodying the functional abilities of tissue mast cells, basophils concentrate binding sites with high affinity for IgE (they are called high-affinity receptors - FcεR) on their surfaces, which ideally meet the needs of this class of immunoglobulins (E).

These sites, that is, FcεR receptors, unlike other Fc structures, have the ability to bind antibodies freely moving in the bloodstream, which is why they are classified as high-affinity.

If basophils are naturally endowed with the advantage of possessing such receptors, then free-floating antibodies quickly “feel” them, “sit down” on them and firmly “stick” (bind).

By the way, eosinophils also have the same receptors, so they always accumulate in the areas of immediate type hypersensitivity reactions, where, together with basophils, they perform effector function(cells-effectors of IgE-mediated allergic reactions).

Schematically, all this interaction between antibodies and receptors of basophilic granulocytes can be represented as follows:

  1. Antibodies, moving along the bloodstream, look for suitable receptors that are located on the membranes of basophilic leukocytes. Having found the desired object, antibodies attach to it, which makes it possible to attract antigens similar to their specificity.
  2. Antigens, having penetrated into the body, fall into the waiting for them, associated with basophilic granulocytes, antibodies.
  3. Interacting with antibodies, specific antigens "crosslink" with them, resulting in the formation of IgE aggregates.
  4. The receptors signal to basophils and mast cells to trigger a local inflammatory response. This causes them to become active and begin to release the contents of the granules, that is, biogenic amines and other mediators of immediate hypersensitivity.
  5. In an instant, histamine with serotonin and heparin are released from the granules of basophils (degranulation), causing local expansion of the vessels of the microvasculature in the focus of inflammation. The permeability of the capillary walls increases, the blood flow in this area increases, fluid accumulates in the surrounding tissues, and granulocytes circulating there rush from the blood flow to the place of the “catastrophe”. During degranulation, the basophils themselves do not suffer, their viability remains preserved, everything is simply arranged in such a way that the granules are sent to the cell periphery and go out through the membrane pores.

Such a rapid reaction can become a defender of the body or serve as a factor that attracts other participants in the immune response to the infectious focus:

  • Neutrophils, which have all the properties of phagocytic cells;
  • Macrophages and monocytes that capture and process foreign substances;
  • Lymphocytes that destroy antigens or give commands to produce antibodies;
  • the antibodies themselves.

But still, first of all, such events (reactions of an immediate type) form the basis for the development of anaphylaxis, and then they are already perceived in a different capacity.

Histamine and serotonin are not characterized by a long-term effect, because these substances cannot exist for a long time. Meanwhile, the local inflammatory focus does not disappear with the cessation of the action of serotonin and histamine, the fight against infection is supported by other components of the reaction (cytokines, vasoactive metabolites - leukotrienes and other substances produced in the focus of inflammation).

Clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis and emergency case - shock

Clinically, an allergic (anaphylactic) reaction can manifest itself:

  1. Anaphylactic shock, which is one of the most severe manifestations of allergies (loss of consciousness, falling blood pressure) and requires immediate medical care;
  2. An attack of suffocation in patients with asthma;
  3. Continuous sneezing and swelling of the nasal mucosa (rhinitis);
  4. The appearance of a rash (urticaria).

Obviously, the fastest response of the body to the intake of a foreign antigen is anaphylactic shock. The onset time is seconds.

Many people have witnessed or experienced cases when an insect sting (usually a bee) or the administration of drugs (usually novocaine in a dental office) caused a sharp drop in pressure, which posed a threat to life.

This is anaphylactic shock, which a person who has experienced such a horror should remember for the rest of his life, because the second case will develop even more rapidly. However, each subsequent response is more difficult than the previous one - after all, there are already antibodies. And it’s good if there is an anti-shock first aid kit with adrenaline and glucocorticoids nearby ...

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Now you will find out what it says if, as a result of a blood test, basophils were elevated in an adult. The leukocyte formula is a study on deciphering the number of each subpopulation of leukocytes. The results are presented as a percentage of each type of cells or their absolute number.

Normally, basophils represent the smallest population of leukocyte cells. Their number determines the presence or absence of an allergic reaction in a patient. However, their value can change against the background of other pathologies: oncology, infection or inflammatory lesions of intestinal tissues, some types of anemia, kidney damage, etc.

The price of the "Leukocyte formula" analysis in private laboratory departments is from 150 rubles. Deadlines depend on the workload of the laboratory, maximum - 1 day.

Basophils are a subpopulation of white blood cells. Distinctive feature is the ability of the nucleus to absorb the basic dye. This ability makes it easy to differentiate basophils from other cells in the blood.

Recall that eosinophilic granulocytes stain intensely pink, and neutrophils absorb acidic and basic dyes.

In view of the high content of histamine granules, leukotrienes, prostaglandins and other mediators of allergic reactions, the nucleus in the cytoplasm is practically indistinguishable. The size of the cells in a comparative aspect significantly exceeds the representatives of other subpopulations of leukocytes: neutrophils and eosinophils.

Why are basophils needed?

Basophils were originally thought to act as precursors for mast cells in the blood. The basis for this statement was their morphological and functional similarity. Both cell types contain granules and allergy mediators in the cytoplasm. And upon contact with class E immunoglobulins, they release histamine.

However, a detailed study of the cells refuted this assumption. It was found that basophils enter the bloodstream from the bone marrow already mature. At the same time, mast cells mature in the human systemic circulation and only after that penetrate into tissue cells. It is fair to assert only about the relationship of these two types of cells.

The main role of basophils: participation in the development of an allergic reaction - anaphylaxis. It occurs against the background of repeated contact of a person with a substance to which he shows individual intolerance. The incidence of deaths reaches 20%. In this case, basophils in the blood are elevated to critical values.

The mechanism of the defense reaction is based on the ability to quickly destroy basophilic granulocytes and release their cellular contents. Upon contact with the antigen-antibody complex, the cells also dissolve.

The mediators of an allergic reaction enter the blood in large quantities, which trigger a typical immune response. The protective mechanism allows you to block the spread of toxins through organs and tissues in the human body. A natural influx of fluids from various types leukocytes.

Another feature is the ability to penetrate through the walls of blood vessels beyond their limits and continue to exist in the tissues of organs. In this case, basophils become full-fledged tissue mast cells.

There is information about their phagocytic activity and the ability to move when exposed to a chemical stimulus. However, under natural conditions, the implementation of this function is minimized.

Basophils - the norm in women, men and children by age in the table

In percentage terms, the number of basophilic granulocytes is minimal compared to neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils. The number of cells does not depend on the time of day, however, to obtain the most accurate results, it is recommended to take an analysis in the morning before 10 am.

Important: the norm of basophils in the blood in women, men and children is identical.

It should be noted that absolute values ​​reflect a more accurate picture of health than percentages. If a person has elevated basophils in a clinical blood test, then a second study is prescribed using a leukocyte formula. If necessary, the number of cells is counted manually under a microscope.

If basophils are elevated in an adult, what does this mean?

If basophils are elevated in an adult, then initially the doctor makes an assumption about the development of an allergic response. Allergens can be food, plant pollen, pet dander and epithelium, mites, plant pollen and drugs. Their number reaches tens of thousands, so the determination of a specific allergen in practice is difficult (for this, a set of special tests with allergens is performed).

The doctor collects the patient's history, including hereditary predisposition to individual intolerance to various substances. Diagnosis is facilitated by information about the specific reaction of the human body to contact with certain allergens. If it is impossible to determine the irritant by an allergic history, a skin test or measurement in the blood of specific class E immunoglobulins is performed.

At present, complex allergochips have been developed. Due to which it is possible to instantly establish the sensitivity of the patient to 110 allergens from 50 sources. The disadvantage of the technique is its high cost.

If experts ruled out an allergic reaction, and basophils are elevated even with repeated tests, then additional studies are carried out.

Causes in common diseases

One of the causes of this condition is ulcerative colitis, when inflammation of the mucous epithelium of the human colon occurs. Possible reasons: hereditary predisposition, infection with pathogens, complication after taking oral contraceptives or smoking.

Basophils above the norm are determined in the results of tests for chronic hemolytic anemia. The incidence of the disease is extremely rare. It manifests itself in the form of uncontrolled destruction of red blood cells. As a result, the synthesis of red blood cells is activated in the human body and the concentration of their decay products is significantly increased.

The prognosis of the outcome is typically favorable. In the case of the development of the disease against the background of external factors, as a rule, their cancellation leads to recovery. The exception is the congenital form of pathology, but in this case, the methods modern medicine provide a person with long-term remission.

The patient should also be checked for oncological diseases different localization. First of all, it is necessary to exclude a malignant lesion of the circulatory system (leukemia). As a rule, these pathologies are accompanied by deviations from the norm of all parameters of a clinical blood test.

Despite the fact that phagocytosis is not the main function of basophilic granulocytes, their increase can be observed during infectious infections. For example, tuberculosis, chickenpox or viral flu. Human immunity is activated and increased production all protective blood cells.

Also, the level of basophils can increase with chronic myeloid leukemia (eosinophilic-basophilic associations), myxedema (decrease in the synthesis of thyroid hormones), nephrosis, Hodgkin's disease, after splenectomy, as well as during therapy with estrogen and antithyroid drugs.

What does it mean when basophils are elevated in a child?

The reasons for the increase in basophils in a child are not always pathological. A short-term increase in their concentration is noted in children with:

  • the need to take medications. Especially if they contain components that cause an allergic reaction;
  • the introduction of foreign proteins;
  • latent inflammatory process, which does not manifest itself in the form clinical symptoms. In this case, it is recommended to undergo a comprehensive examination and exclude sluggish inflammation;
  • a recent vaccination or insect bite, which can trigger an allergic response.

Therefore, if you get results that deviate from the norm, you should not worry. It is recommended to re-analyze the child 5-7 days after the exclusion of the influence of external factors.

With the repeated detection of overestimated indicators, a large-scale diagnostic examination of a small patient is carried out in order to establish a diagnosis. The reasons for the increase in the concentration of basophilic granulocytes are similar to adult patients.

What does it mean when basophils are lowered in an adult?

A moderate decrease in the index against the background of therapy with a high content of basophilic granulocytes is a sign of correctly selected methods of treatment.

In most cases, a decrease in the level of basophils in the blood has no diagnostic value. The exception is cases when there is a complete absence of basophils and a decrease in all leukocyte cells.

Possible causes of such changes in the blood:

  • exhaustion of the body against the background of chronic pathologies;
  • suppression of the immune system;
  • pronounced physical or emotional stress;
  • disruption of the endocrine system and disruption of normal hormonal levels. For example, an excess of thyroid or anterior pituitary hormones;
  • side effect from prednisolone treatment;
  • decrease in the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow;
  • acute stage of pulmonary inflammation.

If in the results of the analysis in an adult or a child in the column "basophils" 0 (zero) is indicated, then this may be a variant of the physiological norm. In the absence of symptoms of pathologies, the condition does not require medical attention. The required amount of basophilic granulocytes is produced by the bone marrow as needed.

How to reduce the level of basophils?

All treatment should be prescribed exclusively by a specialist. The complex of therapy is determined by the underlying disease that caused a decrease or increase in the level of basophilic cells.

If the deviation from the norm is insignificant, then the patient is prescribed a complex of vitamins. For example, B vitamins have a positive effect on the process of hematopoiesis and regulate the number of cells of leukocyte subpopulations.

You can also get vitamins from food, for example:

  • beef meat and beef offal (liver, kidneys, tongue);
  • pork liver;
  • rabbit;
  • egg yolks;
  • seafood (clams, oysters, crabs);
  • fish (herring, mackerel, chum);
  • fermented milk products (kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese);
  • lettuce leaves;
  • spinach;
  • green onion.

Regular consumption of these products will help to prevent the development of anemia.

If the patient took medications, then they should be canceled and the analysis repeated. It is possible that drugs are the reason for the increase in the concentration of basophilic granulocytes.

In case of infectious infections, it is necessary to initially conduct a course of antiviral therapy. The etiological affiliation of the infectious agent is determined: virus, bacteria or microscopic fungi.

If a bacterial infection is detected, an additional test is performed - an antibiogram, which allows you to choose the most effective drug. Therapy viral infection consists of the appointment of antiviral and immunostimulating drugs. Mixed infection involves the selection of different groups of drugs. fungal diseases are treated similarly to bacterial infections, only with the use of antimycotics.

Summary

  • an increased level of basophils, as a rule, is observed when a person comes into contact with an allergen. Limiting contact with it leads to the normalization of the laboratory indicator;
  • with the unambiguous exclusion of allergies and infectious infection, an additional study is carried out to identify oncological lesions lymph nodes and bone marrow;

    • Laureate of the All-Russian competition for the best scientific work in the nomination "Biological Sciences" in 2017.

For the most part, only doctors know what the norm of basophils should be, what kind of particles they are and what duties they have.

But these cells play an important role in protecting a person from harmful organisms: a deviation in the content of basophils in the blood from the norm may indicate the development of some serious diseases.

Basophils are one of the smallest types of leukocytes, white blood cells. They are produced by the human bone marrow.

After birth, basophilic leukocytes move into the blood for several hours, after which they live in body tissues.

The life span of basophils is short - only twelve days, but all this time white blood cells are trying to fulfill their purpose: to protect a person from harmful organisms.

Basophils consist of biologically active substances - serotonin, histamine, heparin, which are in the form of granules.

The protective function of cells is to detect harmful organisms (usually various allergens) and neutralize uninvited guests by degranulation.

This means that during contact with foreign cells, basophils decompose, releasing biologically active granular substances, thereby binding pests.

As a result of degranulation, an inflammatory focus is formed, which attracts other groups of leukocytes that can destroy harmful organisms or remove them from the human body.

This increases blood flow, which allows white blood cells to reach the affected area faster.

We can say that basophils are the first line of defense of the human body in defense against harmful organisms. Their main function is to detect allergens, stop their further progress and call for help.

The rate of basophils in the blood is usually measured as a percentage. The indicator indicates the proportion of basophilic leukocytes in the total number of white blood cells.

Some laboratories determine the rate of basophils in absolute terms. In men, as in women, over 12 years old, values ​​​​from 0.5 to 1 percent, or 10 - 65 * 10 12 cells per liter of blood, are considered healthy.

In a newborn child, the norm is 0.75%, when the baby is one month old - 0.5%. Per year, 0.6% is considered a normal value, up to twelve years - 0.7%.

It should be noted that the percentage of basophils in leukocytes is not always informative.

For example, in women in the last trimester of pregnancy, the total number of white blood cells increases significantly, which somewhat distorts the overall picture. During the onset of the menstrual cycle and during ovulation, the total number of basophils rises.

After surgery to remove the spleen, the patient's basophilic white blood cell count will be higher than that of a healthy person.

As a rule, the number of basophils in the human body is a constant value. Only with some ailments, which are quite rare, temporary deviations from the norm are observed, so a detailed blood test is very important.

In the case of an increase in the number of basophils relative to the norm, doctors diagnose basophilia, a decrease - basopenia.

Deviations from the norm

The number of basophils exceeds the norm, as a rule, with allergic reactions (urticaria, dermatitis, eczema) and diseases of the circulatory system (acute and chronic leukemia, polycythemia, lymphogranulomatosis).

In addition, basophilia can be a sign of the development of an inflammatory process in the body. The human body fights the disease and triggers immune responses. As a rule, in this case, the deviation from the norm is insignificant.

Besides, increased amount basophils may indicate the presence of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (ulcer duodenum or stomach, ulcerative colitis), diabetes, insufficient production of hormones by the pancreas.

Poisoning the body with various toxins, long-term use of corticosteroids and hormonal drugs can also cause deviations from the norm in a big way. Sometimes when initial stage cancer of the lungs or bronchi, the number of basophils also increases.

If the number of basophilic leukocytes is below normal, then this indicates the development of infectious diseases, hyperthyroidism (increased production of hormones by the pancreas) or hypercortisolism (excessive activity of the adrenal cortex).

Scientists have proven that during stressful situations, excessive physical activity and exhaustion of the body, the content of basophils in the blood may decrease.

In addition, women in a position in early pregnancy can suffer from basopenia. This is due to an increase in the volume of blood in the body, while the number of basophils remains unchanged.

The deviation of the content of basophilic leukocytes from the norm may be due to improper preparation for the test.

Doctors warn that it is necessary to donate blood for research on an empty stomach.

The last meal should be at least eight hours before the test. It is forbidden to eat heavy and fatty foods, drink alcohol, play sports the day before blood sampling.

If the patient has just such a situation, then it is imperative to warn the doctor before taking the analysis about all the medications taken. The doctor will definitely take this factor into account when receiving the result and decoding the data.

If a detailed blood test showed a deviation in the number of basophils from the norm, then this may indicate the presence of various diseases.

In this case, the doctor may prescribe additional examinations for an accurate diagnosis and proper treatment.

In the article, we consider the norm of basophils in the blood.

Basophils are the smallest category of leukocytes. They belong to the granulocytic type of white blood cells that appear and mature in the bone marrow. From there, basophils move and enter the peripheral blood, circulating along the channel for several hours. This is followed by cell migration into the tissues. They are present there for no more than twelve days and fulfill their mission, which is to neutralize harmful and foreign organisms that are undesirable for the human body.

What is the norm of basophils, we will tell below.

Functions of basophils

Basophils include granules of histamine, heparin and serotonin, which are biologically active substances. When they come into contact with allergens, degranulation occurs. This allows you to bind allergens. Inflammatory foci are formed, which attract other groups of leukocytes, which have the ability to destroy alien, and, in addition, uninvited guests.

Basophils are prone to chemotaxis, namely to free movement through the tissue. There is a similar movement under the influence of special chemical components. They also have a predisposition to phagocytosis, that is, to the process of absorbing harmful bacteria and organisms. But this is not the main and not a natural function for basophils.

Instant degranulation process

The only thing that these cells must constantly perform is the process of instantaneous degranulation, which leads to an increase in blood flow, and, in addition, to an increase in vascular permeability and the mobilization of other granulocytes directly in the focus of inflammation. So, the main purpose of basophils is to pacify allergens, limit their action and prevent them from moving through the body.

Normal value

Next, we find out what is the norm of basophils in adults. For men, it is, as a rule, from 0.5 to 1 percent stable. The average normal basophil count for women is the same. But at different periods of life, the norm of basophils can still fluctuate slightly.

For example, an overestimated figure may indicate an increase in estrogen levels. As a rule, a similar manifestation is observed at the beginning of menstruation and during ovulation.

What is basopenia?

A level less than 0.01*109 grams per liter is called basopenia. This is normal during pregnancy. This condition can occur immediately after rubella or an X-ray examination. Permissible fluctuations are from 0 to 0.2 * 109 grams per liter.

There are deviations of basophils from the norm in adults for various reasons. Often this means that a pathological process occurs.

Among women

Basophils are produced by the bone marrow. Immediately after entering the body, they circulate for several hours throughout circulatory system, and then move into the tissue. Once the bodies find the foreign agent, they release histamine from the granules along with serotonin and prostaglandin. Further, the foreign agent is bound by these substances. Additional cells arrive at this focus of inflammation, which also destroy the agents.

The norm of basophils in women at different ages is slightly different. So, for example, in the fair sex until the age of twenty-one, such cells in the blood are in the amount of 0.6 to 1%. In older women, from 0.5 to 1%.

The norm of basophils in children

As a rule, the level of such blood elements as basophils is fixed as a percentage in relation to the total number of leukocytes. These cells are also measured in absolute units. Their number, as a rule, is unchanged throughout a person's life, starting from childhood. But here the specific gravity of such cells varies, as it is within special limits depending on age:

  • In newborns, the norm is 0.75%.
  • For one-month-olds - 0.5%.
  • In children under the age of one year - 0.6%.
  • At the age of a child under twelve years of age, this figure is 0.7%.
  • And after twelve years, it ranges from 0.5 to 1%.

This scheme shows that in a baby who has just been born, the proportion of these blood elements is close to one percent. Closer to the age of one year, the level of cells already decreases, and then increases again. With the start of sexual development and in the subsequent period, the optimal content of such cells will be the same as in adults, that is, no more than one percent.

The specific gravity of absolutely all types of leukocytes in infants can fluctuate significantly even within one day. This is the reaction of the body to the peculiarities in the behavior of the child, who cries very often, showing anxiety. In addition, factors such as the introduction of complementary foods, the transfer to artificial feeding, temperature change and disease. In this regard, in order to obtain accurate information about the content of basophils in the blood, the results are evaluated according to absolute data.

How can basophils be returned to normal?

There is no separate therapy that will return basophils in a blood test to normal, as such. But on the other hand, there is a treatment for ailments accompanied by basopenia and basophilia. And yet, when the study reveals an excess of this norm by cells, it does not hurt at all to take care of the patient to increase the content of vitamin B12 in the body, as well as iron. They will certainly help to normalize the processes of hematopoiesis and brain function.

Do not neglect such patients natural sources containing vitamin B12. First of all, the diet should be diversified with products that are of animal origin, that is, meat, eggs and milk. Soy milk along with yeast also contains B12 in the composition. Chicken and veal liver along with fish and red meat will help replenish iron stores.

As part of the moderate consumption of dry white wine, the absorption of iron in the body is activated. Orange juice also helps this process, which is not forbidden to drink in unlimited quantities if there are no relevant contraindications. In order to regulate the level of basophils, it is enough for healthy people to switch to proper nutrition, to remove destructive habits in the form of smoking or addiction to strong drinks. In some situations, basophils return to normal after the withdrawal of certain drugs, especially antithyroid or those containing estrogens.

Consider the absolute content of basophils in the norm.

What does absolute content mean?

The absolute content of these blood elements is an even more accurate indicator that allows you to evaluate the true amount of these cells in human blood. Normally, the absolute indicator, as a rule, is from 0.01 to 0.064 * 109, or 0.3 nanoliters.

Sometimes the number of these cells significantly deviates upward. What can it say? Let's take a closer look at this issue.

Elevated basophils: what are the causes of this pathology?

The reasons that the number of basophils in the blood increases in an adult are physiological, and, in addition, pathological factors. Among the physiological factors of basophilia, it should be noted:

  • The ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle in women. At this time, a large amount of estrogen enters the bloodstream, which provokes basophilia. Also, if a person takes drugs containing estrogens, then this circumstance must be reported to the doctor who ordered the general clinical study of the biomaterial in order to avoid a false interpretation of the result of the analysis.
  • The time period of convalescence after an infectious disease.
  • After an X-ray examination, since small doses of radiation can increase basophils in the blood.

But often the number of basophils increases in people with various diseases, and, in addition, against the background pathological conditions, for example:

  • With hypothyroidism.
  • Against the background of allergic reactions of immediate type.
  • In the case of the development of myeloid leukemia, which is characterized by a chronic course.
  • Against the background of polycythemia and with the development of acute leukemia.
  • In case of development of lymphogranulomatosis and acute viral infection.
  • On the background of Hodgkin's lymphoma.
  • At chronic inflammation intestines.
  • Against the background of Crohn's disease and chronic dermatitis.
  • If the patient has anemia due to hemolysis of red blood cells.
  • With chronic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses.
  • After surgery to remove the spleen.
  • In the presence of radiation sickness, and, in addition, against the background of taking drugs that depress the function of the thyroid gland.
  • Against the background of hyperestrogenemia.

Thus, basophils are a special type of leukocytes that secrete biologically active ingredients in inflammatory and allergic processes in the body. Since these blood components are responsible for the implementation of allergic reactions, they are often elevated in adults in the event of anaphylactic shock, hay fever, asthma, and also against the background of bee stings, poisonous snakes and wasps.

We examined the norm of basophils in men, women and children.