Review of antibiotics for sinusitis: top best. Sinusitis - antibiotic treatment: which ones help well Antibiotic for the treatment of sinusitis in adults

Sinusitis is a disease characterized by inflammation of the maxillary sinuses. It is one of the types of sinusitis, is acute or chronic. In this case, the inflammation occurs in the maxillary sinus, in medical practice it is called the maxillary sinus.

In acute sinusitis, inflammation occurs in part of the epithelial cells, blood vessels, and loose tissue.

Note that there is no difference between sinusitis and sinusitis, so often in the patient's history one can meet the diagnosis - maxillary sinusitis. Sinusitis is one of the varieties of sinusitis.

This disease can affect patients of any age and most often in the autumn-winter period.

What are the causes of sinusitis?

Therapy of the disease is slightly complicated by the fact that many factors can become the causes of development. The development of pathology in adults is primarily affected by the presence of infections of the upper respiratory tract. Often, the disease is a consequence of acute respiratory infections or influenza, as well as other viral diseases.

If we talk about children, the most common cause of sinusitis is mycoplasmosis and chlamydia. In this case, the treatment will be based on the use of macrolide preparations.

The second, far from rare cause, may be diseases of the ENT organs. In this case, we are talking about chronic rhinitis, which clogs the outlet, thereby contributing to the development of sinusitis. Blockage occurs against the background of swelling of the nasal mucosa. Therefore, with rhinitis, adrenomimetics are recommended, which relieve swelling of the mucosa.

Also, pharyngitis can be the cause of the development of sinusitis, as it acts as an infectious source.

Less commonly, the cause may be a deviated septum, namely a violation of ventilation. In this case drug treatment will not be effective, since this cause tends to cause relapses. The only solution would be an operation to correct the nasal septum.

It is necessary to mention more possible culprits for the development of sinusitis - this is pulpitis or the last stages of caries. Inflammation occurs due to the spread of infection from a diseased tooth into the maxillary sinuses.

Recently, in medical practice, sinusitis occurs, which occurs against the background of an allergic reaction. Often rhinitis can join this course of the disease.

We should not forget about chronic sinusitis, which is a consequence of undertreated sinusitis.

Clinical signs can be ambiguous and do not always give reason to think about the presence of an inflammatory process.

The first signs and symptoms of the acute course of the disease are a feeling of pressure in the area of ​​the nasal septum and pain, which is often observed in the forehead area. Often, such pain can spread to half of the face and even to the back of the head.

When you tilt your head down, you can feel that the discomfort intensifies. Pain in the frontal part of the head may be less intense in the morning and increase at night.

Headache can accompany the patient throughout the day. This is due to the accumulation of pus in the maxillary sinus.

Another symptom of sinusitis is a runny nose. Most often, the discharge is purulent in nature, the color is from dark yellow to green.

The next thing that can be observed is an increase in temperature and malaise. For this reason, sinusitis is often confused with the common flu or acute respiratory infections.

Acute sinusitis lasts up to 3 weeks, but often with proper and timely treatment ends in recovery.

Chronic sinusitis It is characterized by not pronounced symptoms, which often slows down the treatment process. The only symptom that should alert you is a constant runny nose, intractable local treatment. Sometimes there may be pain migrating from the eye sockets to the back of the head.

The appointment of antibiotic therapy is the basis in the treatment of lesions of the upper respiratory tract, as well as other infectious diseases. The task of antibiotic therapy is to suppress the development of bacteria.

Antibiotics are used both in the acute form of pathology and in the chronic course. In the case when the doctor diagnosed sinusitis in an acute form, an increased dose of antibiotic is prescribed, the treatment itself lasts no more than 7 days. Chronic sinusitis requires more long-term treatment sometimes up to 4 weeks.

Antibiotic therapy involves not only eliminating the infection, but also preventing complications. And also, if local drugs do not help in the treatment of the disease.

We should not forget that all antibiotics should be taken strictly on the advice of a doctor, especially when treating children and pregnant women. It is believed that the injectable form of antibiotics is the most effective, however, there are a number of tablet preparations that are no less effective.

Below we consider the main drugs and methods of treatment that are prescribed for the treatment of sinusitis (sinusitis).

Preparations of the macrolide group

These are the safest, but no less effective drugs. They prevent the growth of bacteria and the development of infection, they are suitable for both the acute course of the disease and the chronic one. The most popular medicines in this group are the following:

Azithromycin. Not an expensive drug, has an antimicrobial effect. Not recommended for people with liver disease or a possible allergy to one of the components of the drug. Erythromycin. Similar in action to penicillins. Not effective against gram-negative microorganisms. It does not have many side effects, it is often prescribed to patients with allergies to penicillin drugs. Source: website

Betalactam products

Another equally well-known antibiotics - preparations of the beta-lactam group, have a natural basis. They are quite gentle with a minimum of side effects, but are active against limited types of bacteria.

Amoxicillin. Effectively destroys streptococci and gram-negative rods. A gentle drug, because it does not have a negative effect on the body. However, it is intended for short-term use, as bacterial agents quickly adapt to the active substance of this drug. Augmentin. Refers to protected penicillins (with the addition of clavuanic acid). Actively inhibits the growth of bacteria, is a broad spectrum antibiotic. With the right dosage, it does not cause severe side effects.

Cephalosporin series

Cephalosporins actually belong to the penicillin series, but are more effective. Preparations of this group actively destroy the bacteria that develop in sinusitis. Today, the most famous is ceftriaxone, which belongs to the 3rd generation of antibiotics.

Ceftriaxone. A popular drug, has a wide spectrum and effectively acts on the pathogenic flora. Often prescribed for sinusitis, however, the remedy has a lot of side effects. Therefore, treatment with this medicine is not recommended during pregnancy and children.

Sometimes a specialist may prescribe drugs of the tetracycline group. They have an antimicrobial effect, but are intended only for local application. For this reason, they are used as independent means for treatment. It is advisable to prescribe as an additional drug.

It is important to remember that treatment medications should be carried out under the supervision of an ENT doctor. Be sure to take only the prescribed course of antimicrobial drugs, follow the dosage and, if side effects appear, immediately contact your doctor.

The illness of a child must be treated with extreme caution. Only in exceptional cases, the doctor prescribes the antibiotics described above and in the case when treatment with other methods has not been effective.

The child's body is quite fragile and taking broad-spectrum antibiotics can adversely affect the functions of the liver, as well as disrupt the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, there are a number of reasons that do not allow the use of antibiotics:

• in the case when sinusitis has developed against the background of a viral infection;
• the cause of the disease was a fungus;
• sinusitis (sinusitis) as a residual allergy phenomenon;
• the pathology is mild, which does not require the use of antibiotics.

Therefore, in the treatment of children, doctors are increasingly recommending modern facilities local purpose. They effectively eliminate the infection, but do not have side effects on the baby's body.

Recently, Bioparox in the form of an inhaler and its analogue, Hexoral, have become very popular. They are effective topical antibiotics. Indispensable in the treatment of tonsillitis, sinusitis and sinusitis in children, do not cause side effects. The therapeutic effect is observed after 7-10 days.

Sinusitis during pregnancy: treatment

Any disease during pregnancy becomes a real test for the expectant mother. After all, almost all drugs are not recommended for use when carrying a child.
Therefore, very often such patients try to resort to treatment with folk remedies- tinctures, decoctions, they are used as independent means. And this is the main mistake that should not be made.

It should be understood that during pregnancy, any infection is more dangerous than taking antibiotics, both for the mother and for the child. For this reason, the treatment of sinusitis should be timely, correct and with minimal use. medicines.

There are certain treatments during pregnancy:

• application traditional medicine in combination with other methods of treatment;
• drug treatment;
• antimicrobial agents for topical use;
• homeopathy;
• conservative treatment (puncture of the maxillary sinuses).

Washing the nose with sinusitis for expectant mothers

The most gentle way of therapy. The bottom line is to wash the maxillary sinuses using a liquid. The patient is placed on her back, while the head should be slightly lower than the torso itself.

A special solution is poured into one nostril, at the same time an apparatus is connected to suck the liquid. Thus, accumulated pus is removed.

The funds should be in addition to the main treatment with antibiotics or topical preparations. Thus, decoctions of medicinal herbs are often used in the washing described above.

How to treat sinusitis with medicines (antibiotics)

The appointment of drug therapy during pregnancy requires special attention. It is advisable to prescribe it in the case when the risk of treatment is much less, and the benefits are many times greater. Today, pharmacology has gone far ahead and creates drugs that are approved for use during pregnancy. Among them are the following:

• Augmentin;
• Preparations of the cephalosporin group;
• In severe cases of the disease - Spiramycin.

Another no less effective tool is Sinupret. It actively inhibits the growth of bacteria, helps to liquefy the contents of the sinuses. Contains extracts from medicinal herbs, which significantly reduces the risk of negative effects on future mother and fruit.

Topical preparations

The main task of such drugs is to relieve swelling, they are available in the form of drops or sprays. Additionally, they have a vasoconstrictor effect. The most famous are: Nazivin and Otrivin. But, during pregnancy, it is impossible to recommend the use of such drugs.

Homeopathic preparations can be a good substitute for antibiotics or antimicrobials. However, it should be remembered that the means of this group are less effective, and their therapeutic effect is much longer than that of antibiotics.

Note that most of the drugs in this group should be used for up to 3 months. Homeopathy is designed to stimulate the immune system, rather than a full-fledged treatment of sinusitis. Most often, the following remedies are recommended:

• Asinis;
• Cinnabsin.

Puncture (puncture) of the maxillary sinuses

In some cases, it may be required as the most acceptable and non-alternative way to treat sinusitis. The puncture consists in the removal of pus after a puncture with a special needle and the introduction of a solution. The procedure allows you to remove the swelling of the mucosa, eliminate pus and reduce headaches.

Most often, the root cause of the disease in infants is a neglected form of the common cold. Often, such a pathology affects children prone to allergies of various kinds.

Infants can be prescribed drops with antibiotics, for example, Isofra and Polydex. Therapy of pathology in infants up to 3 months - exclusively with drops, drugs in the form of a spray are used no earlier than from 2 years.

In some cases, the doctor may prescribe the use of a penicillin drug - Amoxicillin. Babies up to 12 months are prescribed 25-50 mg of the drug per 1 kg of weight.

For example, the weight of a child is 3 kg, then the dose of the drug will be: 75 mg 3 times a day. For infants, the antibiotic is given as a suspension to be mixed with breast milk or baby food.

Penicillin preparations, like other antibiotics, have an increased allergic reaction to infants. Therefore, the treatment of sinusitis may be accompanied by redness on the skin or hives. This effect requires discontinuation of the drug and contacting the attending physician.

Release form of antibiotics

Antibiotics for the treatment of diseases such as sinusitis (sinusitis) are available in the following forms:

• tablets (capsules);
• drops (sprays);
• injections;
• inhalation.

Which form of antibiotic to choose, the doctor determines, based on the age and symptoms of the patient. If an adult patient or a teenager, then it can be a tablet form or injections.

For small children and infants, tablet therapy is prohibited, it is advisable to prescribe drops based on antibiotics or sprays.

The use of antibiotics for sinusitis (sinusitis) can be prescribed: in the form of injections (injections), orally (capsules, tablets), local administration (drops, inhalations). If the disease proceeds with moderate severity, then you can get by with taking pills.

A more severe form of the disease will require the introduction of drugs intravenously or intramuscularly. As the symptoms subside and the condition improves, the patient is transferred to the tablet form.

The use of antibiotics requires compliance with certain rules:

1. strictly observe the prescribed dose and the time between doses;
2. it is necessary to drink any antibiotics only at the rate prescribed by the doctor;
3. if any side effect occurs, you need to stop taking the drug and consult a doctor.

What are the symptoms of sinusitis? Diagnosis at home

It is possible to assume the development of the disease by the following main signs:

The next step will be an appeal to an ENT specialist who will examine in more detail and prescribe the appropriate treatment. The most informative method for diagnosing sinusitis is x-ray of the maxillary sinuses. The picture allows you to accurately see the presence of the inflammatory process.

In some cases, a puncture is prescribed - as a method for diagnosing sinusitis (sinusitis). With the help of a puncture and suction of the contents, the doctor can easily establish a diagnosis.

Sinusitis is not such a harmless disease as it might seem at first glance. Why are such diseases dangerous? The main danger is that, against the background of infection, the process of formation of pus in the sinuses starts, hence the high risk of developing meningitis.

With timely treatment, such a complication occurs quite rarely. But, in some cases, the infection can affect the orbital area, which leads to swelling and severe pain.

Bacterial sinusitis requires the use of antibiotics. Unlike other medicines, they destroy the main cause of the disease, and the person recovers faster. To understand which antibiotics are the best, you need to familiarize yourself with their characteristics.

Only an otolaryngologist should select an antibiotic and dosage regimen, taking into account the course of the disease and the results of diagnostic studies.

Antibacterial medicines are prescribed if sinusitis is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• pain in the eye sockets and frontal lobes;
• feeling of pressure in the nose and forehead;
• an increase in body temperature (a symptom characteristic of acute form sinusitis);
• copious discharge of purulent fluid from the nasal passages;
• violation of nasal breathing;
• headaches that do not go away even after taking strong painkillers;
• discomfort in any part of the head when tilted to the side or side.

At the first sign of sinusitis, you should consult a doctor. If the pathology is not treated, then dangerous and unpredictable complications can develop that can affect the brain. Antibacterial therapy indicated when other treatments have failed. Antibiotics for sinusitis are most effective after 7 days from the onset of the disease.

What antibiotics are effective for sinusitis

To avoid complications with sinusitis, treatment with antibacterial medicines should not be ignored. Which antibiotic is more effective, the specialist knows.

Protected aminopenicillins

A group of synthetic medicines that contain an additional substance that destroys bacteria. Once in the body, they begin to actively fight the infection.

Effective protected penicillins against sinusitis:

• Unazine, Sulacillin, Ampisid, Sultasin - ampicillin sulbactamates;
• Amoxiclav, Flemoklav, Augmentin, Rapiclav - amoxicillin clavulanate.

Such penicillins are widely used. They act targeted, destroying only pathogenic pathogens, without destroying healthy cells. Can be taken for sinusitis in adults and children. But long-term use can provoke allergies and microflora disturbance.

macrolides

Macrolides are antibiotics that are often prescribed if the infection has not been defeated by other antibacterial agents. Their pharmacological action is due to the ability to penetrate into microbial cells, disrupting protein synthesis.

Macrolides include the following drugs:

• Macrofoam;
• Azithromycin;
• Zitrolide;
• Josamycin;
• Clarithromycin.

Medicines of the macrolide group are considered the safest for the human body among all antibacterial agents. But, despite this, they can still cause some side effects from the systems and organs, such as headache, nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting. They should be carefully prescribed for diseases of the liver and kidneys.

Cephalosporins

The structure of cephalosporins resembles penicillin, but they are more resistant to pathogenic microorganisms. There are 5 generations of antibiotics in this group, which have their own spectrum of action.

Effective cephalosporins of different generations:

• Cefuroxime;
• Cefixime;
• Cefazolin;
• Zinnat;
• Cefutil;
• Cedex and others.

These antibacterial drugs are used to treat sinusitis of any form. Doctors prefer third-generation cephalosporins. With extreme caution, they should be used by patients prone to allergic reactions.

Fluoroquinolones

The drugs in this group are completely synthetic. They have a wide bacterial spectrum, therefore they have a pronounced and rapid bactericidal effect on almost all pathogens of sinusitis.

Fluoroquinolones are divided into 4 generations. Common drugs of the group:

• Tarivid;
• Abaktal;
• Tsiprolet;
• Ecocyfol;
• Normax;
• Levostar;
• Respara;
• Moxin;
• Fact.

Due to their artificial origin, they are highly toxic. Often lead to allergic reactions and severe side effects from nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, they are contraindicated for the treatment of children, pregnant and lactating women.

Pros and cons of antibiotics for sinusitis

An effective antibiotic for sinusitis is prescribed taking into account the result of the analysis of a swab from the nose. To avoid negative consequences, when choosing a drug, the doctor takes into account its advantages and disadvantages.

Ceftriaxone for sinusitis

Ceftriaxone belongs to the cephalosporin antibiotics and is a 3rd generation drug. It has a powerful effect on most pathogenic microorganisms. It is often chosen for the treatment of not only sinusitis, but also other infectious diseases of the nasopharynx.

High efficiency is the main advantage of the drug. Under the influence of Cefritaxone, the reproduction of bacteria is suspended. A positive result in sinusitis (complicated course) will be achieved faster if Ceftriaxone is administered intravenously.

The main disadvantages of Cefritaxone lie in large quantities side effects. Doctors often see:

• gastrointestinal disorder;
• angioedema;
• hepatitis;
• interstitial nephritis.

It is strictly forbidden to take during pregnancy and lactation.

Augmentin (Amoxiclav) from sinusitis

it medicinal medicine It has a powerful bactericidal effect and can be taken not only by adults, but also by children. For each age category of patients, a dosage is selected, which is an indisputable advantage of the drug.

Augmentin is a safe and modern antibiotic that has proven itself in the treatment of sinusitis. Today, the drug is considered the most effective against most pathogens, so it easily copes with their resistance.

Another advantage is the selective bactericidal effect. In the process of treatment with Augmentin, only pathogens are destroyed, while healthy cells and tissues are not affected. To achieve a therapeutic effect, it is enough to take the medicine 2 times a day.

All the disadvantages of the drug lie in the possible side effects. Often, nausea and heartburn appear during treatment, damage to the kidneys and liver is observed.

A common analogue of Augmentin is Amoxiclav with an identical composition.

Sumamed from sinusitis

Sumamed belongs to the group of drugs-macrolides. The drug is valued all over the world for its high quality and effectiveness in the treatment of complex bacterial infections.

The main advantage is a wide range of action. The drug is effective against most bacteria. Softly acting, Sumamed stops the development of colonies of pathogens. Another advantage is the short course of therapy. This drug accumulates well in the body and acts for a long time.

Sumamed has a small risk of side effects compared to other antibiotics. Only 10% of patients report malfunctions in the gastrointestinal tract and nervous system. Allergies during treatment rarely occur.

The main disadvantage of the drug is associated with its contraindications. Sumamed should not be taken by children under 12 years of age, pregnant and lactating women, and people with certain chronic diseases.

Macropen from sinusitis

Macropen belongs to the latest generation of macrolides. The drug is low-toxic and effective against many pathogens of sinusitis.

The ability to quickly penetrate into blood cells is the advantage of this antibiotic. The therapeutic effect occurs 1 hour after ingestion. But the elimination period is short, so take the drug 3 times a day.

The risk of side effects is minimal. In rare cases, patients complain of headache, nausea, urticaria, insomnia. But even with a long course of treatment, undesirable consequences develop only in 4% of cases.

The disadvantages include restrictions on the use. So, Macropen can not be taken in diseases of the liver and kidneys.

Flemoxin Solutab from sinusitis

The drug Flemoxin Solutab belongs to the group of penicillins. The undeniable advantage of the drug is resistance to gastric juice and high efficiency. This fact guarantees that the antibiotic will not cause significant harm to the body. The gastrointestinal tract suffers little from its impact.

The maximum concentration in the blood is reached quickly, so the therapeutic effect occurs immediately.

The disadvantages of this antibacterial agent include a contraindication to the use of elderly people, patients with renal insufficiency.

Isofra with sinusitis

Isofra refers to topical products, which are produced in the form of a spray. The antibiotic of the aminoglycoside series-framycetin is the active substance of the drug. After application, the antibiotic is concentrated in the mucous membranes, providing a therapeutic effect there. It has minimal absorption, i.e. practically not absorbed into the systemic circulation.

Against the background of treatment, side effects do not appear, which makes it possible to prescribe the drug to children older than 1 year. Ease of use is also one of the advantages of the tool. The desired dosage can be obtained with one click by spraying into the sinuses.

The disadvantage of Isofra is the narrowness of the spectrum of action. The active substance of the drug is not able to affect many bacteria. Therefore, it is advisable to treat sinusitis with a spray for 7-10 days. If a positive result is not achieved, then other antibacterial agents should be resorted to.

Dioxidine for sinusitis

Dioxidine is an antibiotic with a wide range of uses. The causative agents of sinusitis do not withstand the effects of the drug and die. Produced in the form of a solution in ampoules, which is instilled into the nasal cavity. It has long and effectively been used to treat infectious diseases of the ENT organs.

The main advantage is topical application, which leads to rapid sanitation of the nasal mucosa. The relatively low price (about 50 rubles) is the second advantage.

Dioxidine is considered toxic. The active ingredient is able to enter the bloodstream through the nasal mucosa, causing undesirable consequences. The drug should not be prescribed to patients under 18 years of age, pregnant and lactating women.

With the help of Dioxidin, sinusitis cannot be completely cured. Therefore, it should be used in complex antibiotic therapy.

For effective treatment, an antibiotic must be prescribed by a doctor. Recovery depends on the patient's compliance with all recommendations. These include the following:

• do not reduce (increase) the dosage selected by the doctor;
• you need to take the medicine strictly on time;
• with positive dynamics, it is impossible to interrupt the course of treatment;
• no need to take additional medications without consulting a specialist;
• it is forbidden to drink alcohol and drugs during the period of treatment;
• for preventive purposes, the intake of prebiotics is indicated, which protect the intestinal microflora;
• you can not choose antibiotics on your own.

What happens if you don't take antibiotics

If left untreated, sinusitis can develop complications that threaten a person's life. The dangerous consequences include:

• meningitis;
• abscess;
• loss of smell;
• inflammatory process in the facial nerve;
• spread of infection through the respiratory system;
• eye inflammation.

Possible side effects after taking

Antibacterial therapy can not only get rid of sinusitis, but also lead to a number of side effects. With adequate selection of the drug and dosage, undesirable consequences can be avoided. But the doctor is still obliged to warn the patient about the following side effects:

• swelling of the throat and face;
• redness of the skin or rashes on the skin;
• discomfort in the nasal cavity (after using Isofra or Polydex);
• labored breathing;
• dizziness, fainting;
• disruption of the gastrointestinal tract.

If any symptom occurs, you should seek medical help, you can not self-medicate.

Sinusitis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the paranasal maxillary sinuses. The occurrence of this common disease is associated with human viral, infectious diseases, such as influenza, measles (see), as a complication after tonsillitis, otitis and other diseases of the ENT organs, as well as diseases of the roots of the molars of the upper teeth.

Recently, cases of allergic sinusitis have become more frequent, as well as with oncological diseases after treatment, with helminthiases (see) and other chronic diseases that reduce the body's defenses. Treatment of sinusitis with antibiotics should be only according to indications, in complex treatment and is prescribed only by a doctor.

In most cases, self-treatment is not safe, can worsen the condition and slow down the healing process. First of all, you should be examined by a doctor who will establish an accurate diagnosis, the cause of the disease and prescribe a comprehensive treatment.

Signs of sinusitis

If, after some improvement in the condition after the flu or a cold, a repeated increase in body temperature appeared, worsened general state, shooting pains appeared when the head was tilted down, with light tapping in the area of ​​the maxillary sinuses, one can suspect the onset of sinusitis. The following symptoms of sinusitis serve as the reason for contacting an otolaryngologist:

• Stuffy nose constantly or periodically, the sense of smell is reduced.
• Discharge from the nose can be both abundant, purulent, yellow-green in color, and transparent, in rare cases they may be absent, this happens if the sinuses are already filled with pus and the discharge is very thick.
• Feeling pressure, bursting, tension in the sinuses.
• Headache, aggravated by tilting the body forward, upside down.
• severe pain in the forehead, in the region of the maxillary sinuses, cheekbones, cheeks, localized only in one half of the face, or with a bilateral process - on the entire front surface. In an acute process, pain can be pronounced, and in chronic sinusitis it is not so intense, sometimes a person simply experiences pain in the eye area or headaches.
• Temperature, in acute sinusitis, it can be quite high, over 38C, in chronic sinusitis it is most often subfebrile or normal.
• General state of weakness increased fatigue. Due to nasal congestion, headaches, a person’s sound sleep is disturbed, appetite decreases, a feeling of apathy, lethargy appears, and depression develops.

Diagnosis of sinusitis

Patient history. Before establishing a diagnosis, the doctor analyzes the patient's history, finds out diseases that preceded sinusitis (flu, SARS, otitis media, tonsillitis, inflammation of the teeth upper jaw), a tendency to allergic manifestations (hay fever, urticaria, bronchial asthma etc.), intolerance to food, drugs. The factors provoking the development of sinusitis include:

• Decreased immunity due to any chronic diseases, allergic reactions, helminthiases, metabolic disorders.
• obstructing normal nasal breathing, congenital anomalies anatomical structures in the nasal cavity.
• Vasomotor, hypertrophic, allergic rhinitis,.
• Inadequate treatment of influenza, colds, SARS, rhinitis.
• Diseases and extraction of teeth of the upper jaw.

X-ray diagnostics. To date, the most reliable method for diagnosing sinusitis is still X-ray, and with modern contrast tomography, the accuracy of diagnosis has increased significantly. The picture can give information about the size, volume of the sinuses, their filling with pus, air. Sometimes the doctor recommends x-rays in several projections - lateral, naso-chin or fronto-nasal. With sinusitis, blackouts of a different nature are noted in the pictures, this is due to the delay of the rays by a medium that is denser than air. However, one should be aware of the dangers of x-rays and CT scans (the risk of cancer increases thyroid gland etc.), fluorography paranasal sinuses enough, and the radiation exposure is minimal.

Puncture of the maxillary sinuses- This is an informative diagnostic method, but an outdated method of treating sinusitis. In view of possible complications(cheek emphysema, orbital abscess, blood vessel embolism), painfulness of the procedure and the transition of sinusitis to a chronic inflammatory process, it is performed quite rarely.

In connection with the application the latest technologies for the treatment of sinusitis - the use of the YAMIK sinus catheter, the herbal preparation Sinuforte (which increases local immunity and perfectly cleanses the sinuses), the frequency of using the method of piercing the nose for sinusitis for its treatment and diagnosis has decreased.

Bacteriological culture of a swab from the nose- as an independent diagnostic method for determining sinusitis or not - it does not matter. Carrying out this diagnosis is advisable only for the choice of an antibiotic for sinusitis, to which pathogenic microorganisms would be sensitive.

When is antibiotic therapy not appropriate for sinusitis?

First you need to determine the true cause of sinusitis, its causative agent. Since, with some provoking factors that cause sinusitis, antibiotic therapy may not only be ineffective, but can also aggravate inflammation and delay the healing process.

• If sinusitis occurs as a result of allergic manifestations, then in this case, taking antibiotics is not justified.
• In chronic rhinosinusitis, sinusitis associated with a fungal infection, the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics only exacerbates the process.
• For viral infections, when washing, inhalation and immunotherapy can help with mild sinusitis, it is also not worth taking antibiotics.

When is it necessary to use antibiotics?

But with an acute bright process, with high temperature, expressed by general intoxication of the body of non-viral origin, severe pain in the sinuses, purulent discharge from the nose - oral antimicrobial agents or intramuscular injections of an antibiotic are necessary.

What antibiotics are most effective?

The best antibiotic for sinusitis is the one to which, according to the analysis of the smear, the causative agent of inflammation is sensitive. If within 72 hours after taking the antibiotic there is no visible relief, then either the pathogen has developed resistance to this drug, or the cause of sinusitis is not bacterial, but fungal or allergic.

If sinusitis is caused by banal streptococcus, staphylococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, then the following groups of antibiotics are used:

• Penicillins- the most preferred, because they have fewer side effects, are easily tolerated, but in cases of severe inflammation caused by penicillin-resistant infections, they may be ineffective. Among them are Amoxicillin - (Amosin, Flemoxin solutab), Ampicillin, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (trade names Augmentin, Amoxiclav, Flemoclav solutab, Ecoclave, etc.)
• macrolides- their use is justified in case of intolerance to penicillin preparations. Trade names drugs - Zitrolid, Sumamed, Macropen, Clarithromycin.
• Cephalosporins- this group of antibiotics is prescribed for severe inflammation and when other antimicrobial agents are not effective. These include - Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, Cefuroxime, etc.
• Fluoroquinolones- most bacteria have not yet had time to form resistance to these synthetic drugs, so they are also used to treat sinusitis (contraindicated in children). Antibiotics of this series are Ofloxacin, Lomefloxacin, Ciprofloxacin (1st generation), Levofloxacin (2nd generation), Moxifloxacin (3rd generation).
• Local treatment- nose drops with antibiotics. The use of local local antimicrobial sprays, drops at the onset of the disease can help to avoid oral or intramuscular systemic use of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs with their inherent adverse effects on the whole body. These drops include Isofra, Polydex.

When choosing an antibiotic, one should be guided by the individual characteristics of the patient, concomitant diseases, and possible allergic reactions to it. And most importantly, the selection is best done taking into account the smear microscopy data and the rapid assessment of the pathogen for Gram staining, otherwise the treatment of sinusitis with antibacterial agents may not be effective, wasting time and money.

Sinusitis, or inflammation of the maxillary sinuses, develops as a result of a prolonged cold, infection or allergy. For each form of the disease, an individual treatment regimen is selected, based on the cause and characteristics of the symptoms. Antibiotics are part of the treatment for bacterial sinusitis. They are prescribed for a disease of any severity, and the choice of a specific active substance depends on age, clinical picture. They are also useful in preparation for surgery, after surgery.

Features of the treatment of sinusitis with antibacterial drugs

Active substance the drug acts on the causative agent of infection, preventing its development and reproduction. This enhances the speed of recovery, reduces the severity of symptoms and avoids various complications. Antibacterial agents are prescribed in a limited course, depending on the age, weight and well-being of the patient. When choosing a specific drug, laboratory tests are required to select the most effective components.

Several generations of antibiotics are on the market. It is best to choose proven drugs based on known active substances. They are less likely to cause adverse reactions, there are studies of effectiveness.

What forms of the disease are prescribed

Prescribed for bacterial sinusitis. Designed to fight bacteria, do not have an effect on viruses, allergens. Not recommended to prevent infection. They are used at any stage of sinusitis after a preliminary diagnosis.

Means of a wide spectrum of action are prescribed after the operation to prevent complications in the form of suppuration, infection of nearby tissues. In small doses, antibiotics are recommended before an antrectomy or puncture.

Indications and contraindications

The main indication for the appointment is a bacterial culture of blood, nasal discharge. If bacteria are found in the body, funds are prescribed in the form for systemic or topical use. Specific contraindications depend on the active substance. General restrictions:

• sensitivity to components;
• violations of the liver and kidneys in severe severity;
• severe and chronic arrhythmia, bradycardia;
• chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, indigestion.

They are prescribed with caution during pregnancy, during breastfeeding. Some funds are contraindicated for children, it is required to select a suitable analogue.

When they start to act

The beginning of the active action of the drug depends on the causative agent of the infection, the generation of the antibiotic, and resistance to pharmacological agents. Modern substances react almost instantly after entering the body. The period of the active phase varies from 2 to 24 hours, it is important to follow the scheme of application - this allows you to maintain a beneficial effect.

Improvement of symptoms begins no earlier than 24 hours after the start of treatment. Antibacterial drugs do not relieve symptoms, as they are aimed at combating the pathogen. The result from them accumulates, after the abolition of therapy in the body, the passive destruction of pathogens continues.

Pathogenic bacteria can develop resistance (resistance) to antibiotics. When treating sinusitis for more than 7-10 days, it is necessary to change the drug.

How to take antibiotics correctly

• take in the dosage prescribed by the doctor, according to weight and age;
• do not deviate from the scheme, drink the medicine at regular intervals;
• do not increase the dosage;
• carefully read the instructions, which indicate the interaction with other drugs;
• discontinue the drug if any atypical reactions occur.

How many days to drink

The course of treatment with antibacterial tablets or topical agents is limited to 7-12 days. This is due to the fact that microbes can develop resistance to a particular group of antibiotics. One week is enough to eliminate the infection in the body. If prolonged therapy is required, you should contact your doctor to select a new active substance.

What antibiotics can be taken to treat sinusitis at home - a list of drugs

Pharmacies offer a wide range of antibacterial drugs. They are available in the form of capsules, tablets, nasal spray and powder for suspension. In topical products active substance contained in a lower dosage, the effectiveness is achieved through direct contact with the infected area. The choice of a specific antibiotic depends on the age, weight and course of sinusitis.

Azithromycin

Cheap antibiotic of domestic production. Azithromycin belongs to the first generation of macrolides, it is effective at a high concentration of pathogenic microorganisms in the body. Shows efficiency concerning a number of gram-positive bacteria. Available in the form of powder for suspensions, tablets and capsules. Can be used by children from 3 years of age. Side effects from reception are reversible, meet seldom. The cost starts from 86 rubles.

Azithromycin-based preparations can be replaced with erythromycin tablets. These antibiotics have similar properties, pharmacology.

Amoxiclav

A popular tool included in the list of essential drugs according to WHO. Effectiveness is achieved through a combination of amoxicillin (a semi-synthetic analogue of penicillin) and clavulanic acid. Substances complement each other, resulting in the rapid destruction of bacteria. It has a wide spectrum of action, it is used for sinusitis of any severity. With prolonged use, it is recommended to control the work of the hematopoietic organs, kidneys. Available in various forms, suitable for children during pregnancy. The cost is from 170 rubles.

Augmentin

Direct analogue of Amoxiclav, but produced in the UK. Has the same properties pharmacological action and contraindications. It is produced in the form of tablets and suspensions in dosages from 156 ml to 1 g. The average price is 300 rubles.

Biseptol

Polish remedy in the form of tablets, suspensions with a dosage of 120, 240 and 480 mg. A complex antibacterial drug, the composition contains sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. Their combination is used to treat infectious forms of sinusitis of the middle and high degree gravity. The duration of the therapeutic effect is 7 hours, the components are completely removed from the body. Biseptol is contraindicated in pregnancy, sensitivity to sulfonamides, kidney failure and blood diseases. The course of treatment should not exceed 10 days. The cost is from 37 rubles.

The combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim has not only powerful antibacterial, but also pharmacological activity. With complex treatment, you should carefully read the annotation to exclude reactions with other drugs.

Wilprafen

Josamycin tablets. It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, belongs to the group of macrolides. It affects the protein synthesis of bacteria, as a result of which their growth is disturbed, reproduction is inhibited. Advantages of the remedy - low risk of complications from the digestive system, effectiveness against bacteria resistant to erythromycin. Vilprafen is suitable for long-term treatment, pathogens rarely develop resistance. During therapy, it is absolutely impossible to skip a dose - this reduces pharmacological properties medicines. Suitable for children, during pregnancy and lactation. The price starts from 540 rubles.

Suprax

Available in the form of tablets in a dosage of 500 ml, suspensions - 5 ml. The active substance, cefixime, belongs to the latest generation of cephalosporins. It inhibits the synthesis of the cell membrane of the pathogen, is suitable for the treatment of sinusitis caused by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Not recommended under the age of 12 years, with hypersensitivity to penicillin. The duration of the course should not exceed 10 days, with chronic kidney disease daily dose It is desirable to reduce by 25%. The average price is 700 rubles.

Suprax is available in the form of water-soluble granules and capsules.

Flemoxin Solutab

Popular tablets and suspension based on amoxicillin. The agent is prescribed as the main drug for the treatment of bacterial sinusitis, and also as an analogue of Augmentin. May cause adverse reactions from the digestive, excretory system. It is necessary to strictly observe the therapy regimen, the prescribed dosage. Can be used during late pregnancy. With long-term combined antibacterial treatment, cross-resistance with penicillin drugs may occur. The cost is 250 rubles.

When treated during lactation, amoxicillin begins to be excreted in milk. Breastfeeding should be stopped as it threatens the health and development of the baby.

Ceftriaxone

It is a 3rd generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It has a wide spectrum of action, inhibits the synthesis of cell walls of microorganisms. Active against most pathogens of sinusitis. Available in powder form for intravenous or intramuscular injection. Well tolerated by the body, the maximum effect occurs after 2-3 hours. Suitable for the treatment of sinusitis in newborns, the elderly and those with weakened immune systems. If it is necessary to take during lactation, breastfeeding should be abandoned. Price from 40 rubles.

Tsiprolet

Tablets and powder for solution for injection. The active substance is ciprofloxacin. An antibiotic of the 3rd generation fluoroquinolone group, has a powerful antibacterial effect. During treatment, the pathogen rarely and slowly develops resistance, which is useful in protracted forms of sinusitis. It has many contraindications, you should carefully read the instructions. Able to provoke seizures of epilepsy, patients with diseases of the central nervous system. Tsiprolet is prescribed only if it is impossible to use analogues. The cost is from 65 rubles.

Precautions and side effects

All antibiotics can cause adverse reactions if the active substance is not correctly selected, the dosage regimen and dosage are violated. The peculiarity of such drugs is that they inhibit the vital activity of not only pathogenic bacteria, but also kill the microflora of the body. This leads to various digestive disorders, increased risk of recurrence of gastritis and ulcers.

Side effects can be observed from the gastrointestinal tract, circulatory system, kidney and liver. To minimize such reactions, you need to additionally use vitamin supplements, probiotics. If any atypical symptoms appear, stop treatment and contact your physician.

In case of an overdose, you should drink 1-1.5 liters of pure water, take any absorbent. call immediately ambulance to avoid unpleasant consequences.

Can a breastfeeding mother take an antibiotic?

During pregnancy and lactation should be taken only under the supervision of the attending physician. The choice of a particular drug depends on the severity of the disease, the individual sensitivity of the body and the duration. Usually use proven means that have minimal harm to the body. If it is necessary to take antibacterial agents during lactation, it is recommended to refuse breastfeeding - this can cause the development of pathologies in the child.

Do I need to take an antibiotic if there is no temperature

The presence of fever (hyperthermia) does not always indicate a bacterial infection in sinusitis. This is a typical reaction of the body to pathological processes at the cellular level. With sinusitis, it usually lasts only during the period of exacerbation, then normalizes. With an already started antibiotic treatment regimen, one should not refuse even when recovery occurs - this can lead to complications.

What to do if antibiotics do not help - what can be replaced

Antibiotics are the only group of drugs against bacterial infection. When diagnosing this nature of sinusitis, it is important to choose the right medicine, its dosage. If after long-term use there are no visible improvements, then you should consult a doctor to prescribe another active substance, undergo a re-diagnosis. Do not self-medicate, as well as abuse folk methods, homeopathy, to avoid the transition of the disease to chronic form.

Video

On the video - the mechanism of action of antibiotics in sinusitis.

Conclusion

1. Antibiotics are prescribed to treat bacterial sinusitis of any severity. They are also recommended for use before and after surgery to avoid complications.
2. The course of treatment, the dosage of antibacterial agents depends on the weight, age and clinical picture of sinusitis. The average duration is 7-12 days.
3. Popular drugs: Azithromycin, Suprax, Flemoxin, Amoxiclav and Ceftriaxone.
4. The treatment regimen cannot be interrupted, independently select analogues. If antibiotics do not help, you need to replace the active substance or undergo a re-diagnosis.

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, which are located in the upper jaw. They are called maxillary sinuses, hence the name of the disease itself. When inflammation occurs, only one sinus is usually affected, but in the most unpleasant cases, both can be affected at once. This disease is equally dangerous for both adults and children. The incidence rate in the cold season increases significantly.

Causes of inflammation of the maxillary sinuses

The most common the cause of sinusitis is an infection, which fell into the upper Airways. Bacteria with viruses enter through the nose or bloodstream into one of the sinuses, causing an inflammatory process. After an illness or during it, human immunity is greatly weakened, and there is little that prevents sinusitis from developing.

Sinusitis is also a consequence of acute rhinitis, influenza, SARS, measles and other infectious diseases. An untreated cold with a runny nose increases the likelihood of sinusitis several times. The poor condition of one of the four back teeth can also provoke inflammation of the maxillary sinuses.

Acute viral infections, such as adenovirus and parainfluenza, give rise to acute forms of sinusitis, but they are not able to go into a chronic form.

Risk factors:

Chronic diseases of ENT organs, especially the nose, are the most common cause of sinusitis.

Chronic rhinitis causes swelling of the nasal mucosa, which prevents the cleansing of the maxillary sinus and leads to the development of sinusitis.

Chronic tonsillitis creates a risk of infection when blowing your nose into the maxillary sinus. This fact has already been confirmed by a large number of people who simultaneously suffer from both chronic tonsillitis and sinusitis.

Chronic pharyngitis also serves as a source of infection, which can cause the development of sinusitis.

Chronic sinusitis is a consequence of superficial treatment of acute sinusitis. A chronic disease proceeds for a long time, is not as detrimental as an acute one, but it is also much more difficult to treat.

Sinusitis is famous for the fact that even if the disease began due to a virus, in the process of disease progression, a bacterial infection can easily connect. That is why immediately after the onset of the first symptoms, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible. After the diagnosis is made, the patient is prescribed antibiotics.

When inflammation of the maxillary sinuses occurs there is a very high likelihood of complications, which is why treatment should be started immediately.

For mild to moderate disease Amoxicillin is usually prescribed. If improvements appear, the doctor transfers patients to oral cephalosporins.

The minimum period for taking antibiotics starts from 7 days. For moderate illness this period is extended to a maximum of 10 days. In severe cases, the period of taking antimicrobial and antibacterial drugs is extended to 14 days.

What antibiotics are best taken for sinusitis in adults?

Before prescribing a particular drug, the doctor must find out source and type of exciter. This is done by taking a smear. We should not forget that the presence of allergic reactions and chronic diseases plays a significant role.

Further choice of medication depends on the severity of the current disease. Antibiotics can be administered parenterally (injections) and orally (tablets, syrups, tinctures).

Patients are advised to be more careful: if after two days there is no relief, it means that antibiotic did not work. And you should, as soon as possible, start using another drug. The most prescribed drug for adults at the moment is penicillin for sinusitis. It has been proven that the most highly effective treatment is the treatment of sinusitis with antibiotics. The name of the drugs prescribed in case of impossibility of treatment with penicillin or in case of its ineffectiveness:

• Macrolides are prescribed for intolerance to penicillin;
• Cephalosporins help when all other drugs have not had the desired effect.

Tablets

The most convenient and simple way of any treatment - taking pills

Amoxicillin

A long-established drug. Tested by time and a large number of doctors. Its effectiveness is beyond doubt. This drug can even cure severe forms of sinusitis. Relief occurs already on the second day, and all symptoms disappear in less than a week.

The doctor prescribes the dosage of the medicine individually, focusing on the age and weight of the patient.

Augmentin

Similar in action to Amoxicillin, but capable of destroying much more bacteria. Relief of symptoms occurs the next day. It is recommended to use with food, the dosage, again, is determined by the attending physician.

It is distinguished by the fact that it almost does not cause side effects. And unlike, it is allowed to apply even to women in the last months of pregnancy and during lactation.

Doxycycline

Main advantage- the ability to take it at any time of the day, regardless of the meal. The drug is quickly absorbed and does not create any problems for the body.

This drug, like other antibiotics in tablets, is often used in the treatment of sinusitis. It belongs to the tetracycline series of antibacterial agents. The main advantage of Doxycycline is the ability to use it regardless of the meal. This drug is contraindicated in children under the age of 7 years, because. forms insoluble compounds of substances in bones and teeth.

Antibiotics for sinusitis in adults in drops and sprays

Is the treatment given in addition to taking pills and penicillin. Sprays and drops in the nose have a direct effect on the inflamed source of the disease. Antibacterial substances act directly in the nasal cavity, immediately improve and significantly speed up the healing process.

Injections for sinusitis

If the disease continues to progress and nothing helps, or if the disease is neglected, apply one of the emergency methods:

When treated with antibiotics it must always be remembered that treatment should not be stopped immediately after symptom relief. Symptoms disappear already for 1-2 days, but the disease remains. Be sure to drink the full course prescribed by your doctor. Otherwise, sinusitis will turn into a chronic form, and it will be much more difficult to get rid of it - antibiotics will lose their effectiveness, the nose will be constantly blocked and the general state of health will be unpleasant.

Any treatment must be timely. You should never delay a visit to the doctor and be afraid of the price of medicines. You won't be able to save money and time. A neglected disease requires a larger amount of far from cheap medicines, and you can lie with it much longer. Watch your health!